Motor system overview 2011
description
Transcript of Motor system overview 2011
![Page 1: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ORGANIZATION OF MOTOR SYSTEM
![Page 2: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
SPINAL MOTOR NEURON
![Page 3: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
MOTOR UNIT
![Page 4: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION
![Page 5: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
TYPES OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION
![Page 8: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
MUSCLE SPINDLE
![Page 9: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
STRETCH REFLEX
![Page 10: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
GOLGI TENDON ORGAN
![Page 12: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
FEEDBACK INHIBITION: GOLGI TENDON ORGAN
![Page 13: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
WITHDRAWAL REFLEX
![Page 14: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
WITHDRAWAL AND CROSSED EXTENSOR REFLEX
![Page 15: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
ALPHA AND GAMMA MOTOR NEURONS ARE COACTIVATED DURING VOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS
![Page 16: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
SPINAL ANIMAL
![Page 17: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
CAT HIND LIMB ACTIVITY DURING STEPPING
![Page 18: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
LOCOMOTOR CENTER IN CAT
![Page 19: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
MOTOR CORTEX IN PRECISE STEPPING
![Page 20: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
LOCOMATION
![Page 21: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
MOTOR CORTICAL CENTER
![Page 22: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX
![Page 23: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
CORTICOSPINAL PATHWAY
![Page 24: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
CORTICO RUBROSPINAL PATHWAY
![Page 25: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
CONVERGENCE OF MOTOR CONTROL ON THE ANTERIOR MOTOR NEURON
![Page 26: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
CORTICOMOTONEURONAL (CM) CELL IS ACTIVE DEPENDS ON THE MOTOR TASK
![Page 27: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
ACTIVITY IN INDIVIDUAL NEURONS OF THE PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX IS RELATED TO MUSCLE FORCE AND DIRECTION OF MOVEMENT
![Page 28: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
A SET-RELATED NEURON IN THE DORSAL PREMOTOR AREA BECOMES ACTIVE WHILE THE MONKEY PREPARES TO MAKE A MOVEMENT TO THE LEFT
![Page 29: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
MOTOR CORTICAL CELL FIRING WITH FORCE GENERATED
![Page 30: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
DIFFERENT AREAS OF CORTEX ARE ACTIVATED DURING SIMPLE, COMPLEX, AND IMAGINED SEQUENCES OF FINGER MOVEMENTS (XENON PET)
![Page 31: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
CELL ACTIVITY IN THE MOTOR CORTEX DEPENDS ON WHETHER A SEQUENCE OF MOVEMENTS IS GUIDED BY VISUAL CUES OR BY PRIOR TRAINING
![Page 32: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
THE VISUOMOTOR TRANSFORMATIONS REQUIRED FOR REACHING AND GRASPING INVOLVE TWO DIFFERENT PATHWAYS
![Page 33: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Individual neurons in the ventral premotor area fire during specific hand actions only
![Page 34: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
MOTOR PLANNING
![Page 35: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
A. ACTIVITY IN THE NEURON AS THE MONKEY OBSERVES ANOTHER MONKEY MAKE A PRECISION GROUP.B. ACTIVITY IN THE SAME NEURON AS THE MONKEY OBSERVES THE HUMAN EXPERIMENTER MAKE THE PRECISION GRIP.C. ACTIVITY IN THE SAME NEURON AS THE MONKEY ITSELF PERFORMS A PRECISION GRIP. (FROM RIZZOLOTTI ET AL 1996.)
Mirror Neurons
![Page 36: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
SUMMARY Primary Motor Cortex:
Codes force and direction of movement Spinal motor neuron are directly under control for
precise movement. Dorsal Premotor Cortex
Movement related neuron encodes sensorimotor transformation for visual and sensory cue
Fire before movement Ventral Premotor Cortex
Encodes learned motor act fire before movement
All cortical neurons are adaptable and plastic
![Page 37: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
BASAL GANGLIA
![Page 38: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF BG
![Page 39: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
MOTOR COMPONENT OF BASAL GANGLIA
![Page 40: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
BASAL GANGLIA IN EXECUTING PATTERNS OF MOTOR ACTIVITY— THE PUTAMEN CIRCUIT
![Page 41: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
COGNITIVE CONTROL OF SEQUENCES OF MOTOR PATTERNS—THE CAUDATE CIRCUIT
![Page 42: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
NEUROTRANSMITTERS OF BG
![Page 43: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
FUNCTION OF BG
Voluntary movement Initiation of movement Control of ramp movement Change from one pattern to other Programming and correcting movement while in
progress (thalamocortical circuts) Postural control
Righting reflex Automatic associated movement (walking)
Control of muscle tone Reticulospinal Vestibulospinal
![Page 44: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
CEREBELLUM
![Page 45: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF CEREBELLUM
![Page 46: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
AFFERENT PATHWAY OF BRAIN
![Page 47: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
SPINOCEREBELLAR PATHWAY
![Page 48: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
OUTPUT SIGNALS FROM THE CEREBELLUM
![Page 49: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
NEOCEREBELLUM
![Page 50: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
VESTIBULOCEREBELLUM
![Page 51: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
THE SPINOCEREBELLUM CONTAINS TWO SOMATOTOPIC NEURAL MAPS OF THE BODY
![Page 52: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
NEURONAL CIRCUIT OF THE FUNCTIONAL UNIT
![Page 53: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
![Page 54: Motor system overview 2011](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062404/554b28c0b4c905d3088b4939/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
CONTROL OF VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT
IdeaAssociation
cortexPremotor +
Motor cortex
Basal Ganglia
Lateral cerebellum
Movement
Intermediate Cerebellum
ExecutionPlanning