Motivation Theory Overview
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Transcript of Motivation Theory Overview
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8/6/2019 Motivation Theory Overview
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Motivation TheoryMotivation Theory
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MotivationMotivation
Definition:Definition:
1) Internal drive to satisfy an unsatisfied need1) Internal drive to satisfy an unsatisfied need
2) Stimulus of behavior2) Stimulus of behavior
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Motivation TheoriesMotivation Theories
Content Theories: focus on the internalContent Theories: focus on the internal
needs and desires that initiate, sustain andneeds and desires that initiate, sustain and
eventually terminate behavior.eventually terminate behavior. WHAT motivates someoneWHAT motivates someone
Process Theories: seek to explain HOWProcess Theories: seek to explain HOWbehavior is initiated, sustained andbehavior is initiated, sustained and
terminatedterminated
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Content TheoriesContent Theories
Maslows Hierarchy of NeedMaslows Hierarchy of Need
Alderfers ERG TheoryAlderfers ERG Theory
Herzbergs 2Herzbergs 2--Factor TheoryFactor Theory McClellands Learned Needs TheoryMcClellands Learned Needs Theory
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DefinitionsDefinitions
Frustration: occurs when needs can not beFrustration: occurs when needs can not be
metmet
Satisfaction: occurs when needs are metSatisfaction: occurs when needs are met Despair: occurs when there is frustrationDespair: occurs when there is frustration
without hopewithout hope
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Maslows Hierarchy of NeedsMaslows Hierarchy of Needs
Stresses two fundamental premises:Stresses two fundamental premises:
Human beings are wanting creatures whoseHuman beings are wanting creatures whoseneeds depend on what they already have. (Youneeds depend on what they already have. (You
need what you DONT already have)need what you DONT already have)
Peoples needs are arranged in a hierarchyPeoples needs are arranged in a hierarchy
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MaslowMaslow
55thth level: Self realization and fulfillmentlevel: Self realization and fulfillment
44thth level: Esteem and Statuslevel: Esteem and Status
33rdrd level: Affection and social activitylevel: Affection and social activity 22ndnd level: Safety and securitylevel: Safety and security
11stst level: Basic physiological needslevel: Basic physiological needs
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Alderfers ERG TheoryAlderfers ERG Theory
Only 3 levels to the hierarchy:Only 3 levels to the hierarchy:
1.1. Existence needs: material and physicalExistence needs: material and physical
needsneeds2.2. Relatedness needs: all needs that involveRelatedness needs: all needs that involve
other peopleother people
3.3. Growth needs: all needs involvingGrowth needs: all needs involvingcreative efforts and/or productivecreative efforts and/or productive
contributionscontributions
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Herzbergs 2Herzbergs 2--Factor TheoryFactor Theory
Starts with the questions of what satisfiesStarts with the questions of what satisfies
and dissatisfies people about their workand dissatisfies people about their work
Assumes the answers to those questions areAssumes the answers to those questions arekey to understanding motivationkey to understanding motivation
Job Satisfaction consists of two separateJob Satisfaction consists of two separate
and independent dimensions:and independent dimensions: Satisfiers or motivatorsSatisfiers or motivators
Dissatisfiers or maintenance factorsDissatisfiers or maintenance factors
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Dissatisfiers/Maintenance FactorsDissatisfiers/Maintenance Factors
Presence is not motivational. Absences causesPresence is not motivational. Absences causesdissatisfactiondissatisfaction
PoliciesPolicies
SalarySalary Interpersonal relationshipsInterpersonal relationships
Job securityJob security
Work conditionsWork conditions
StatusStatus Technical supervisionTechnical supervision
Personal lifePersonal life
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Satisfiers/MotivatorsSatisfiers/Motivators
Not unhappy if they are absent; willing toNot unhappy if they are absent; willing to
work to get themwork to get them
AchievementAchievement RecognitionRecognition
AdvancementAdvancement
The work itselfThe work itself
Possibility of growthPossibility of growth
ResponsibilityResponsibility
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McClellands Learned NeedsMcClellands Learned Needs
TheoryTheory People learn their needs through lifePeople learn their needs through life
experienceexperience
3 sets of needs:3 sets of needs: Need for Achievement: need to excelNeed for Achievement: need to excel
Need for Power: need to control or influenceNeed for Power: need to control or influence
othersothers
Need for Affiliation: need to associate withNeed for Affiliation: need to associate with
others. Form interpersonal relationshipsothers. Form interpersonal relationships
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Process TheoriesProcess Theories
Focus on how individuals expectations andFocus on how individuals expectations and
preferences for outcomes associated withpreferences for outcomes associated with
their performance actually influencetheir performance actually influenceperformance.performance.
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Vrooms Expectancy TheoryVrooms Expectancy Theory
Vroom theorized that people are not onlyVroom theorized that people are not only
driven by their needs, but they makedriven by their needs, but they make
choices about what they will and will not dochoices about what they will and will not doto fulfill their needs based on 3 conditions:to fulfill their needs based on 3 conditions:
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Vrooms ConditionsVrooms Conditions
Person must believe that effort to perform atPerson must believe that effort to perform at
a particular level will make the desireda particular level will make the desired
performance or behavior more likelyperformance or behavior more likely Desired performance or behavior must leadDesired performance or behavior must lead
to some concrete outcome or rewardto some concrete outcome or reward
Person must value the outcomePerson must value the outcome