Motivation Presentation 08092011

8/4/2019 Motivation Presentation 08092011

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http://motivation%20videos/George%20Carlin%20Motivation.flv


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Objective

The purpose of this presentation is to facilitate a

discussion environment where best practices andcases are evaluated whether they can be applied

to ITC.


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Agenda

Definition of Motivation

Need Theories

Process TheoriesReinforcement Theories

Conclusion


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Agenda


Need Theories


Conclusion


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Motivation

thatleads to

thatresults inMotivation

is the

psychological

process

Choice of

behavior

Some level

of job

performance

The Motivation-Behavior-Job Performance Sequence

Motivation is a psychological process that causes

the arousal, direction, and persistence of

voluntary actions that are goal directed


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Types of Motivation Theories

Need Theories Maslows hierarchy of needs

Alderfer's ERG theory

Herzberg's two-factor theory

McClelland`s acquired needs theory

Process Theories Expectancy Theory

Goal Setting Theory

Reinforcement Theories


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Agenda


Need Theories


Conclusion


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Need Theories Outline

Four prominent need theories:

Maslows hierarchy of needs


Herzberg's two-factor theory McClleland`s acquired needs theory


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Maslows Hierarchy of Needs

Holds that the five needsexist in a strict hierarchy ofprepotency such that a need

at one level doesn't becomeactivated until the nextlower-level need is satisfied


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Needs Description Example

Self-

actualization

Realize ones full

potential

Creative and challenging work

Participation in decision making

Job flexibility and autonomy

Esteem Feel good about

one-self

Responsibility of an important job

Promotion to a higher status job

Praise and recognition from boss

Belongingness Social

interaction, love

Friendly co-workers

Interaction with customers

Pleasant supervisor

Safety Security, stability Safe working conditions, health insurance

Physiological Food, water,

shelter

Basic pay level to buy items

Reasonable working hours

Lowest-levelneeds

Highest-levelneeds

lf d h


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Alfeders ERG Theory

Safety

Physiological needsExistence

Social Needs

Internal Esteem NeedsRelatedness External Esteem Needs

Self ActualizationGrowth

lf d h


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Alfeders ERG Theory

Existence

Relatedness

Growth

Frustration/Regression

Satisfaction/Progression

Satisfaction/Strengthening

As lower needs become satisfied, a person seeks to satisfy higher needs A person can be motivated by needs at more than one level at the sametime

When people experience need frustration they will focus on satisfying theneeds at the next-lowest level (Frustration Regression Principle)


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What is important for you at work?


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Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory

Hygiene Factors

Company policies

Quality of supervision

Relations with others

Personal life

Rate of pay

Job security

Working conditions

Motivational Factors

Achievement

Career advancement

Personal growth

Job interest

Recognition

Responsibility

Satisfaction No satisfaction

No dissatisfaction Dissatisfaction

Hygiene Factors

Motivators

M Cl ll d` A i d N d Th


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McClelland`s Acquired-Needs Theory

David McClelland proposes that people acquire needs through their life

experiences.

Achievement

Power

Affiliation


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Agenda


Need Theories


Conclusion

P Th i O tli


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Process Theories Outline

Two prominent need theories:

Expectancy Theory

Goal Setting Theory


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How Expectancy Theory Works?

Expectancy

Effort - Performance Link

E=0

No matter how much effort

you put in, probably not possible

to memorise the text in 24 hours

Instrumentality

Performance - Rewards Link

I=0

Your supervisor does not look

like someone who has 10000$

Valence

Rewards - Personal Goals Link

V=1

There are a lot of wonderful things

you could do with 10000$

Your supervisor offered you 10000$ to memorize a textbook by tomorrow morning

Conclusion: Though you value the reward, you will not be motivated to do the task

G l S tti Th


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Goal Setting Theory

Focuses on motivating workers to contribute their inputs to their jobs andorganizations. Considers how managers can ensure that workers focus their

inputs in the direction of high performance and the achievement oforganizational goals.

Choice: Goals narrow attention and direct efforts to goal-relevantactivities, and away from perceived undesirable and goal-irrelevant

actions.

Effort: Goals can lead to more effort; for example, if one typicallyproduces 4 units an hour, and has the goal of producing 6, one maywork more intensely than one would otherwise in order to reach thegoal.

Persistence: An individual becomes more prone to work throughsetbacks if pursuing a goal.

Cognition: Goals can lead an individual to develop cognitive strategies

to change their behavior.

G l S tti Th


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Goal Setting Theory

GoalsSpecificDifficult

Accepted

Effects on PersonDirects attention

EnergisesEncourages persistency

New strategies developed

Feedback

Performancerelated to cognition

d


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Agenda


Need Theories


Conclusion

R i f t


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Reinforcement

R i f t Th M d l
http://motivation%20videos/Terry%20Tate%20Office%20Linebacker.flv


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Reinforcement Theory Model

Operant conditioning influences behavior by controlling its

consequences.

Positive reinforcement connects desirable behavior with pleasantconsequences.

Punishment connects undesirable behavior with unpleasant

consequences.

The law of effect states that behavior followed by a pleasant consequence is likelyto be repeated; behavior followed by an unpleasant consequence is unlikely to be

repeated.

Reinforcement Theor


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Reinforcement Theory

Corporate

Goal

Achievement

Failure

Praise

employee:

recommend

pay increase

Stop

complaints

Withhold

praise and

rewards

Reprimand

employee

Manager`s

Objective

Individual

Behavior

Reinforcement

Strategy

Type of

Reinforcement

Positive

Reinforcement

Negative

Reinforcement

Extinction

Punishment

A d


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Agenda


Need Theories


Conclusion

S


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Summary

Need Theories Maslows hierarchy of needs needs to be satisfied


Herzberg's two-factor theory

McClelland`s acquired needs theory

Process Theories Expectancy Theory

Goal Setting Theory

Reinforcement Theories


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Motivation Theories


Alfeders ERG Theory

Herzbergs Two Factor Theory

McClelland's Acquired Needs Theory

Need Theries

Expectany Theory

Goal Setting Theory

ProcessTheories

Relies on setting positive and negative rewardingReinforcement

Theory


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Motivation Theories Maslows hierarchy of needs- Needs should be fulfilled according to an

order Alfeders ERG: Needs can be satisfied at the same time, need frustrationregression principle

Herzbergs two factor theory- Dissatisfaction occurs when hygiene factorsare absent

Mclleland acquired needs theory- We may identify new needs as weprogress in life

Need Theories

Expectancy theory- Motivation is a combination of expectancy,instrumentality and valence

Goal Setting Theory- relies on setting challenging goals to motivate peopleProcess Theories

It is based on positive and negative rewardingReinforcement

Theories

C l i


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Conclusion

How do you think we can benefit from these

theories?


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Thank You

Motivation Presentation 08092011

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