Motivation, Experiments and Standards RIPE 55,...
Transcript of Motivation, Experiments and Standards RIPE 55,...
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Delivering 100G per wavelength with today’sDWDM infrastructureMotivation, Experiments and StandardsRIPE 55, Amsterdam
Michael Finkenzeller, IPT DWDM
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Agenda
Motivation and Some Background Information
100G transmission: Experiments and Trials
Standards: 100GbE, Carrier Ethernet Transport
Conclusion
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Historical Volume Growth AMS-IX
source: AMS-IX
Every 30 months traffic increased with factor 10.
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WDM - Wavelength Division Multiplexing
• Each “coloured” wavelength represents one WDM channel • Multiplexing of separate signals on same fiber
Glass Prism Glass Prism
White LightSpectrum
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Signal Quality Degradation in Optical Systems
Signal degradation
Attenuation Noise Non-linear effectsDispersionM
UX
DEM
UX
Chromatic dispersion tolerance decreasePolarization Mode Dispersion tolerance decreaseOSNR tolerance decreaseNon Linear Effects
Bit rate increase to 100Gb/s
• New transmission techniques• New optical modulation
schemes• New dispersion management
techniques• New components
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Agenda
Motivation and Some Background Information
100G transmission: Experiments and Trials
Standards: 100GbE, Carrier Ethernet Transport
Conclusion
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2006: 107 Gbit/s transmission over 160kmTransmission line:• 2x80-km field NZDSF, 19.7 dB attenuation per span• Direct optical 107 Gb/s generation and additional filtering• Electrical processing of 107 Gb/s in single chip after photo
diode• Q-factor: 10.4dB btb, 9.6dB after 160km
TXPre
comp80 km
Installed fiber
DCF80 kmInstalled
fiber
DCFRX
Optical Eye Diagramof 107Gbit/s signal
Photo of single chip clock & data recovery and 1:2 demux for 107Gbit/s
Field trial using ETDM sender and receiver.
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Fiber amplifiers
Error-correcting codes Phase
modulation
Electronic equalization
Years
Dis
tanc
e x
Cap
acity Today
Wavelength-division multiplexing
??
? ?
E
Technology Trends in 40G/100G
Enabling technologies:Modulation formats (DPSK, DQPSK)Polarization-Multiplexing (PolMux)
Coherent receivers
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Modulation formats: multiple bits per symbol
Δφ
0π
DPSK
(0,π)
(0,0)
(π,0)
(π, π)
POLMUX-DPSK
1 bit/symbol 2 bits/symbol
DQPSK
0
π/2
π
3π/2
Δφ
4 bits/symbol
φφ
POLMUX-DQPSK
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Experimental setup: • 10 channels with 111Gbit/s each (100GbE + EFEC) on a 50GHz grid• Alternative modulation format POLMUX-RZ-DQPSK• Completely electronic modulation and demodulation• 2375km of SSMF and 5 add-drop nodes• Coherent detection and equalization for polarization recovery and high chromatic
dispersion tolerance
As broad as 10G same infrastructure
usable!
2007: 10 x 111 Gbit/s transmission over 2375 km
Possible to use today’s 10G infrastructure for 100G/λ transmission
10-2
10-3
10-4
10-5
10-6
10-7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
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13.5
14
-1000 -750 -500 -250 0 250 500 750 1000Residual chromatic dispersion at receiver (ps/nm)
BER
20lo
g(Q
) dB
EFEC Limit
6x
95kmSSMF
Raman
WSS
AOM AOM
Post-compensation
Pre-compensation
LSPS
5x
DCF
RX
TX
DCF6x
95kmSSMF
Raman
WSS
AOM AOM
Post-compensation
Pre-compensation
LSPS
5x
DCF
RX
TX
DCF5x
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COHERENT 111-Gbit/s POLMUX-DQPSK(CP-QPSK)
111-Gbit/s POLMUX-(N)RZ-DQPSK transmitter: Polarization multiplexing
Intensity
Phase||Phase
0 0 3π/2π/2π/2 ππ 3π/23π/20 ππ/2
||
27.75G data HA
27.75G data HB27.75G clock
27.75G data VA
27.75G data VB
MZ
π/2
PBS
MZ
MZ
MZ π/2
POLMUX-(N)RZ-DQPSK receiver: Coherent detection
90°
Y
X 90°hyb
Clo
ck R
ecov
ery
Equa
lizat
ion
Car
rier r
ecov
ery
Erro
r cou
nter
Post-processed on PCXI
XQ
YQ
YI
X0°0°
90°hyb 90°
0°
X90°
Y0°
Y90°
LO PCPC
TDS6154C
Very narrow spectral width => Use of existing 50Ghz grid WDM systemsHigh spectral efficiency 4 bits per symbol (27,75Gbaud)Use of low spec 40-G electrical componentsChromatic dispersion and PMD are compensated electrically (1st time for 100Gb/s)Coherent detection allows electrical polarization de-multiplexing
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Native transport versus concatenated within DWDM layer
Native 40/100G (serial)
☺ optimal use of network capacity☺ easy service routing☺ easy to implement services in
meshed network
high reach might be available laterpotentially more regeneration
points
Concatenated nx10G (parallel)
☺ less optical impairments☺ more easy to obtain higher reach
routing as bundle of wavelengths necessarycongests network (especially
cumbersome in partially filled meshed network)latency cannot be avoideddoesn’t scale in OpEx/CapEx
Native transport is the better choice.Better scalability and simple maintenance: “One service, one port”
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Agenda
Motivation and Some Background Information
100G transmission: Experiments and Trials
Standards: 100GbE, Carrier Ethernet Transport
Conclusion
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100GbE: IEEE and ITU-T are different worlds.
IEEE World ITU-T World10M, 100M, 1G, 10G Interfaces
10G Interfaces
100M, 1G, 10G Interfaces
Distances 100m … 10/40km
155M, 622M, 2.5G, 10G, 40G Interfaces
10G / 40G in OTN Distances 2km - nx1000km
155M, 622M, 2.5G, 10G Interfaces
The IEEE world is short range and used factor 10 in the past.The ITU-T world is long range and used factor 4 in the past.
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Status 100GbE Standardization• Status IEEE 802.3 Higher-Speed Study Group (HSSG)
– Attendance predominantly interested in cost-efficient, mature transceiver alternatives for short-reach applications, transport networking vendors / service providers represent a minority. New: data center and server operators.
– Description of standard is scheduled for 2008, finalization for 2009/2010. – Data rate and de-skewing procedure are defined in study groups today.
• Status ITU SG15 Q6 / Q11: – Several OTU-4 proposals in G.709 are under discussion (111 - 112 Gb/s or 130Gb/s),
new revision of G.709 including 100GbE transport capability planned for Feb 2008.
Line InterfaceClient InterfaceLine Data Rate
(1λ), 2λ, 3λ100GbE 3 x 40Gb/s (9 ..12 x10Gb/s)
130Gb/s
1λ, 2λ100GbE (9-10 x 10Gb)111-112Gb/s
Data rate 130G would delay 100GbE products availability for 2 years.Close coordination is needed for 100G and 40G.
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Mapping of 10GbE: Example where standard didn’t much help …
For 10GbE two different line interfaces (over-clocking).
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AT&T, Verizon Have Optical WishesJUNE 08, 2007
… In a keynote on Wednesday, AT&T's Peter Magill said his company would need 100 Gig sooner rather than later.…Magill says that AT&T is committed to meeting bandwidth demands, however, and in an interview after his keynote, he said that AT&T would deploy pre-standard 100-Gig technology if it had to, as long as it made economic sense.
source: Light Reading, October 03, 2007
Pre-Standard 100G?
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Provide native End-to-End Ethernet ServicesNew 100GbE traffic will require an optimized Carrier Ethernet Transport (CET)
Subscriber/Service Access Metro Aggregation
DWDM Metro
CISCustomer IP Service
3Play VDSL
COSCustomerOptical Service
DSLAM
DWDM Core
3Play FTTH
PBB-TE/PBB T-MPLS
Access Switch
PBB-TECESCustomer Ethernet Service
Optical Transport
Edge Core
CIS PE
BRAS
3P-PE
IMS
IP Edge
IP/MPLS Core
Routing
Application
Carrier Ethernet Transport
Multilayer optim
ization
Offload core IP Routers of transit traffic
IP/MPLS routers just were really required
• DWDM infrastructure will transport 100GbE native interfaces => New transmission techniques to use existing WDM infrastructure
• Evolve from point-to-point DWDM to an optical meshed network with PXC & ROADM• Introduce GMPLS control plane in transport layer to optimize operation
R&D effortsR&D efforts
Use cost-effective L1
optical switching
where possible
Combine L2 & L1technologies for a cost-effective connection-oriented switching for
Carrier Ethernet Transport (CET)
PBB-TE/PBB (IEEE) T-MPLS (ITU-T)
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Agenda
Motivation and Some Background Information
100G transmission: Experiments and Trials
Standards: 100GbE, Carrier Ethernet Transport
Conclusion
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Conclusion
• Demand for 100G is real.– IP based applications are main driver.– Main payload will be Ethernet based services.
• 100G: Technology is on the right track.– Operation of 100G native on 10G infrastructure is feasible.– 100GbE standardization is key factor for products in 2010.
• Standardization Issues– Transport: client side and line side have to be synchronized– Carrier Ethernet Transport (CET) provides simplification and cost
savings for future
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Thank you …
… Questions?