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Motivation at Motivation at Work Work
◦the act of giving somebody a reason or incentive to do something
◦a feeling of enthusiasm, interest, or commitment that makes somebody want to do something, or something that causes such a feeling
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Why do people work?Why do people work?Money is probably at the top of your list!
Earn money to buy food and the basic necessities for life.
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Why do people work?Why do people work?Money is probably at the top of your list!
Other Reasons include◦To make new friends◦To have Job Security◦Sense of
Achievement / Importance
◦Sense of Identity◦Satisfying Ambition
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MotivationMotivationIt’s the reason why employees
want to work hard and work effectively for the business.
Employees are a firm’s greatest asset!
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Motivational TheoriesMotivational TheoriesPeople
◦work for themselves◦work hard & effectively because
◦ see the direct benefits.People
◦working for someone else ◦may not work as hard or effectively as a
result◦ not seeing THEIR benefits
Motivation◦Task of Management◦ Needed for success of the business
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Motivational TheoriesMotivational Theories
Taylor Maslow Herzberg Locke 1911 1954 1959 1968
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F.W. TaylorF.W. TaylorStarted as a Factory
Labourer in America in the 1880s
Rose to Chief EngineerConducted Experiments
on how Labour Productivity could be increased
Devised Piece Rate system to increase productivity
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F.W. Taylor’s AssumptionsF.W. Taylor’s AssumptionsAssumption
◦“all individuals are motivated by personal gain”
Stated◦paid more◦individuals work
more effectively.
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Needs
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Needs
Wages high enough to cover bills
Job Security
Support from work colleagues
Recognized for your efforts
Promotions & increased
responsibilityThe top two are higher-order needs.
The first three are lower-order needs.
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Herzberg - Two-Factor Herzberg - Two-Factor TheoryTheory
1. Hygiene factors- salary and security. Improving these lowers dissatisfaction but doesn't improve motivation or satisfaction
2. Motivators- recognition, responsibility, work itself, achievement, advancement - these lead to increased motivation
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Herzberg – Human NeedsHerzberg – Human Needs
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Why do people work?Why do people work?
WhyWork?
Money Security
Social Needs
Esteem Needs
Job Satisfactio
n
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Motivating FactorsMotivating FactorsMonetary RewardsNon-Monetary RewardsJob Satisfaction
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Monetary RewardsMonetary RewardsPay
Wages
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Time RateDisadvantages
◦Takes time◦Good/bad workers paid
the same◦More supervision needed
Costly / Expensive
◦Constant supervision needed Production amounts &
quality
◦Clocking in system
Wage CalculationWage Calculation
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Wage CalculationWage Calculation
Piece Rate
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Wage CalculationWage CalculationPiece RateAdvantages & Disadvantages
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SalariesSalaries
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Salary CalculationSalary CalculationYearly Income / 12Extra Work
◦included◦usually not paid for
Calculated once a monthStandard Rate
◦Set amount of money◦Basic Salary
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Salary RewardsSalary Rewards
Salary Rewards
Commission
Bonus
Profit Sharing
Performance
Related Pay
Share Ownership
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Non-Monetary RewardsNon-Monetary RewardsPerks / Fringe BenefitsVary – Seniority
◦Factory Worker Discounts on products
◦Senior Manager Company Car House Expense Account
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Non-Monetary RewardsNon-Monetary Rewards
Discounts on Products
Health CareCompany VehicleFuel CardFree Accommodation
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Non-Monetary RewardsNon-Monetary Rewards
Housing AllowanceShare OptionsExpense AccountsPension SchemesFree Trips /
Holidays
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Job SatisfactionJob SatisfactionHappy Workers
◦Employees enjoy their work/job
◦More committed to their work
◦Work more effectively◦Motivated Positively
Unhappy Workers◦Poor Management◦Employees treated badly◦Factors perceived badly
Fringe Benefits, Rate of Pay
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Job Satisfaction IdeasJob Satisfaction Ideas
Pay Opportunity for Promotion
Working Conditions
Fringe Benefits Employee Management
Working Hours
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Job SatisfactionJob Satisfaction
Colleagues Nature of Work Responsibility
Sense of Achievement
Status
Recognition Training
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Increasing Job SatisfactionIncreasing Job SatisfactionJob Rotation
◦ Workers swap duties
◦ Specific Task for a period of time
◦ Increases Variety
◦ Easier for Managers to move workers for cover
◦ DOES NOT make tasks more interesting
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Increasing Job SatisfactionIncreasing Job SatisfactionJob Enlargement
◦ Extra Tasks◦ Similar level of work◦ Added to job
description◦ Adds variety
◦ Do not add extra work
◦ Do not increase responsibility
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Increasing Job SatisfactionIncreasing Job SatisfactionJob Enrichment
◦ Add tasks with more skills / responsibility
◦ Additional Training may be needed
◦ Redesigning jobs
◦ Scope for fulfilling higher human needs
◦ Workers more committed
◦ Raises Productivity
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Increasing Job SatisfactionIncreasing Job SatisfactionAutonomous
Work Groups & Teamworking
◦ Group given responsibility for a particular process, product or development
◦ Decide how to complete
the task organize jobs
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Increasing Job SatisfactionIncreasing Job SatisfactionAutonomous
Work Groups & Teamworking
Workers◦ more involved◦ decision making◦ responsibility◦ control – jobs &
tasks◦ more committed
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Motivating Factors at all Motivating Factors at all LevelsLevels