Motivation and Emotion
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Transcript of Motivation and Emotion
Motivation and Emotion
Motivation
internal processes that activate, guide, and maintain our behavior
Theories on Motivation
Instinct Theory Inborn behavior patterns that are
characteristic of an entire species
Drive Reduction Theory
Drive-Reduction Theory
Theories of Motivation
Instinct Theory Drive-Reduction Theory
Humans sometimes engage in behaviors that increase rather than reduce drives
Arousal TheoryMotivated to be at optimal level of arousal
Yerkes-Dodson Law There is an optimal level of arousal for the
best performance of any task. The more complex the task, the lower the level of
arousal that can be tolerated before performance deteriorates.
Theories of Motivation
Incentive theoriesMotivation incentives/pay offs
Cognitive approaches thoughts, expectations, and goals Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic motivation
Intrinsic motivationA desire to perform a behavior originates
within the individual
Extrinsic motivationA desire to perform a behavior to obtain an
external reward or avoid punishment
Maslow’s Hierarchy
Identify the motive… Have I got a terrible headache. It’s really
splitting. It gets lonely in my apartment on the
weekends. My roommate goes to visit her parents and most of my neighbors are away too.
I feel really bored by this course. It’s a lot like the one I took last year. I was hoping it would be more challenging.
Identify the motive…
He really makes me furious. I’m tired of his put-downs! Who does he think he is anyway?
Uh, listen, do you mind if we don’t go into that nightclub? I hear that some tough types hang out there and that someone got beaten up there last week.
Hey, guess what? I just got an A+ on my term paper. Pretty good, eh?
Human Needs & Motivation
Hunger and Thirststimulated by internal and external cues
Hypothalamus (lateral and ventromedial) Blood levels
Glucose, fats, carbohydrates, insulin, leptin
Cells in stomach and small intestine Sights and smells
Human Needs & Motivation
Hunger & ThirstBody Mass Index (BMI)Stress
Eating Disorders
Anorexia nervosaA serious eating disorder that is associated
with an intense fear of weight gain and a distorted body image
BulimiaAn eating disorder characterized by binges of
eating followed by self-induced purging
Eating Disorders
Increased incidence in relatives Serotonin Perfectionism Dissatisfaction with body
Achievement Motivation
nAch Desire to meet standards of excellence, to
outperform others Huge individual differences Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Need for Affiliation
Interest in establishing and maintaining relationships with others
Emotions Body Response (arousal)
Expressive Reaction
SubjectiveExperience
Emotions
Primary emotions Secondary emotions
James-Lange Theory
Certain stimuli in the environment can bring on physiological changes.Emotions arise from our awareness of those
changes. Facial feedback hypothesis
Neuroscience of Emotions
Specific patterns of biological arousal associated with specific emotions
PET scans Amygdale link between perception of
stimulus and recall of stimulus later
Communicating Emotions
Voice Quality and Facial Expression Body language Personal space Explicit Acts
Gender and Emotion Research findings
Men and women may feel emotions similarly, but differ in how they are expressed.
Same situation may provoke different emotions.
Women are better at reading emotional cues than men.