Motivation and Emotion

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Motivation and Emotion

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Motivation and Emotion. Motivation. internal processes that activate, guide, and maintain our behavior. Theories on Motivation. Instinct Theory Inborn behavior patterns that are characteristic of an entire species Drive Reduction Theory. Drive-Reduction Theory. Theories of Motivation. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Motivation and Emotion

Page 1: Motivation and Emotion

Motivation and Emotion

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Motivation

internal processes that activate, guide, and maintain our behavior

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Theories on Motivation

Instinct Theory Inborn behavior patterns that are

characteristic of an entire species

Drive Reduction Theory

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Drive-Reduction Theory

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Theories of Motivation

Instinct Theory Drive-Reduction Theory

Humans sometimes engage in behaviors that increase rather than reduce drives

Arousal TheoryMotivated to be at optimal level of arousal

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Yerkes-Dodson Law There is an optimal level of arousal for the

best performance of any task. The more complex the task, the lower the level of

arousal that can be tolerated before performance deteriorates.

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Theories of Motivation

Incentive theoriesMotivation incentives/pay offs

Cognitive approaches thoughts, expectations, and goals Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic motivation

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Intrinsic motivationA desire to perform a behavior originates

within the individual

Extrinsic motivationA desire to perform a behavior to obtain an

external reward or avoid punishment

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Maslow’s Hierarchy

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Identify the motive… Have I got a terrible headache. It’s really

splitting. It gets lonely in my apartment on the

weekends. My roommate goes to visit her parents and most of my neighbors are away too.

I feel really bored by this course. It’s a lot like the one I took last year. I was hoping it would be more challenging.

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Identify the motive…

He really makes me furious. I’m tired of his put-downs! Who does he think he is anyway?

Uh, listen, do you mind if we don’t go into that nightclub? I hear that some tough types hang out there and that someone got beaten up there last week.

Hey, guess what? I just got an A+ on my term paper. Pretty good, eh?

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Human Needs & Motivation

Hunger and Thirststimulated by internal and external cues

Hypothalamus (lateral and ventromedial) Blood levels

Glucose, fats, carbohydrates, insulin, leptin

Cells in stomach and small intestine Sights and smells

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Human Needs & Motivation

Hunger & ThirstBody Mass Index (BMI)Stress

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Eating Disorders

Anorexia nervosaA serious eating disorder that is associated

with an intense fear of weight gain and a distorted body image

BulimiaAn eating disorder characterized by binges of

eating followed by self-induced purging

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Eating Disorders

Increased incidence in relatives Serotonin Perfectionism Dissatisfaction with body

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Achievement Motivation

nAch Desire to meet standards of excellence, to

outperform others Huge individual differences Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

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Need for Affiliation

Interest in establishing and maintaining relationships with others

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Emotions Body Response (arousal)

Expressive Reaction

SubjectiveExperience

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Emotions

Primary emotions Secondary emotions

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James-Lange Theory

Certain stimuli in the environment can bring on physiological changes.Emotions arise from our awareness of those

changes. Facial feedback hypothesis

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Neuroscience of Emotions

Specific patterns of biological arousal associated with specific emotions

PET scans Amygdale link between perception of

stimulus and recall of stimulus later

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Communicating Emotions

Voice Quality and Facial Expression Body language Personal space Explicit Acts

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Gender and Emotion Research findings

Men and women may feel emotions similarly, but differ in how they are expressed.

Same situation may provoke different emotions.

Women are better at reading emotional cues than men.