MT S LOI THUC PHNG TR BNH CHO VN LAN

Phng tr cn trng gy hi cho lan: Chng ta c th trng cc loi loi cy c mi nh: hng, qu, bc h, x quanh vn xua ui cc loi cn trng gy hi hoc dng vi nc ti di mt l cun tri u trng, trng ca cc loi cn trng gy hi.

Khi cc bin php ny khng c hiu qu th s dng cc loi thuc di y lun phin trnh ln thuc:

- Nhn : Nissorun, Pegasus, Dimethoate, Mitac, Rufast, Ortus, Comites, Abamectin, Kelthane

- B tr: Videci, Visher, Vifast, Trebon, Banate 40SP, Supracide, Dragon (5cc) + SK99 (20cc)/ bnh 8 lt

- Rp sp, rp bt: Acephate + cht bm dnh

- Rp vy: Malathion, Trebon

Phng tr nm bnh:

- Thi gc v thi r: Viben, Fudasol

- Thi mm: Kasai

- Thi nu: Streptomycin, Tetracylin

- Thi en: Aliette, Ridomil, Vilaxyl

- Bnh m vng, kh chy l, m nu, ho r: Tospin, Viben, Fudasol, Vicarben, Desoral

- en thn: Zin, Zineb, Carbenzim

- Bnh m l: Cabenzim + Dipamate, Cadilac, Thio M, Dipomate

- Bnh thn th, thi nu vi khun: Kasumin, Saipan + Mexyl, Saipan + Alpine, Mexyl + Alpine

Thuc tr nm bnh Aliette:

Chng thi r, thi thn, dng tt trong ma ma.

Thuc tr nm CARBENZIM 500FL

- Thuc tr nm ni hp v tc dng rng. Tr tt bnh Thn th trn lan.

- C th dng qut ln ch b bnh, cc vt thi nhn.

- Khng hi.

Thuc tr nm bnh Viben C

L thuc tr bnh c tc ng tip xc v ni hp, c ph tc dng rng tr bnh do nm v vi khun gy ra, Tr thi gc, thi r lan

Thuc tr bnh TopSin M 70WP

- Thuc lu dn, ni hp, c tr nhiu loi bnh trn nhiu cy trng khc nhau. Chuyn tr vng l.

Thuc tr bnh Antracol

Thuc tr bnh ph rng trn cy n qu, rau mu v la.

- Rt an ton cho cy, phun c ngay c giai on ra bng.

- Thuc tr bnh b sung vi lng km Zn++ d tiu cho cy trng mc o gip km cho cy.

- Dng l nui ng, gip tng nng sut, cht lng la.

Tr nm bnh, vi khun sinh hc EXIN 4.5HP

Tr nm bnh dng sinh hoc: khng c hi cho con ngi v mi trng, khng mi.

Thuc tr su Suprathion 40EC

- Tr rp (sp, vy) rt tt, dit c kin, cun chiu.

- Hiu qu lu di.

- Lc b rp, dng 3 ln, mi ln cch nhau 3 ngy.

- Dng bn chi nh rng c vo ch b rp cng tng hiu qu s dng. Sau phun ton cy, chu.

- Ch : rt hi.

Thuc tr nhn Ortus 5SC

- Pha ch thuc tr nm r tin dng cho vn lan c quy m ln:

Pha 1kg Sunfat ng CuSO4 vo 80lit nc ng trong thng nha hoc lu snh, pha 1kg vi bt vo 20 lt nc. dung dch CuSO4 vo dung dch vi bt khuy u. Dng mt cy inh st sch nhng vo dung dch pha. Sau khi ly ra nu thy lp ng bm trn inh st bin thnh mu en th cho thm nc vi vo cho n khi inh st khng b bin thnh mu en na th pha thm 10 lit nc em ra s dng.

MT S SU BNH HI LAN H IP & BIN PHP PHNG TR

Cc biu hin ca vn lan h ip b virus thng thy nh: L c m trong, mu xanh khng u, c ch xanh nht, c ch xanh m. Hoa c mu khng u xen ln nhng vt trng, hoa nh, cnh ngn. Cy thng cn ci, khng pht trin c.

A. Su hi trn lan h ip

1. Rp son (Scale insects) ht nha lan:

L loi rp c v mu nu. Loi rp ny thng bm vo l ht nha v thi ra cht c lm hi cy. Do phi phng tr thng xuyn hn ch kh nng sinh sn ca chng ( loi ny sinh sn rt nhanh v gy hi ln cho vn lan). Phng tr bng cch tiu dit bng tay hoc dng cc thuc nh Regent, Lannate, supracide...theo nng khuyn co trn bao b, phun 1 tun 1 ln cho n khi tiu dit hon ton.

2. B tr (Thrips) ht nha cy lan:

Thng xut hin trong cc gi th c cu to bng x da, v cy mc, dn vn hoc do s dng qu nhiu cc loi phn hu c di dng xc nh: Bnh du, phn b... B tr l mt vn thng gp trn cy lan vanda, dendrobiums v t xut hin hn trn lan h ip. Bi v chng kh nh (khong 1-5 mm), nn rt kh nhn thy bng mt thng. Du hiu cy h ip b nhim b tr: l b bin dng v cnh hoa b h hi do l ngun thc n ca chng. B tr thng xuyn tn cng chi v nh tng trng mi ht nha cy.

C th dng cc loi thuc nh Bassa nng 20cc/8lit, confidor... nn phun nga thng xuyn 2ln/ thng.

B tr l rt nh v c th khng c ch cho n khi thit hi ng k c thc hin trn cy lan.

3. c sn, nht n l lan h ip:

N thng ph hoi n ht cc r non v tit ra nhng cht lm thi cc chi mi mc. Cn ri thuc dit sn nht vo nhng khi c thi tit qu m.

4. Nhn (red spider mites) lm l h ip ho rng:

L loi cn trng rt nh, khng di hn mm, di knh lp quan st c dng nh con rp, c 8 chn, thng c mu vng lc non ri chuyn thnh mu khi trng thnh, n thng chui trong b l ca cy, nm kn phn gc l, gy hi lm l ho v rng. Xut hin nhiu vo ma kh, t hn vo ma ma. Nhn sinh si v pht trin rt nhanh, khi pht hin phi dit tr ngay nu khng cy s ngng pht trin. Phi dng thuc thng xuyn v lin tc dit c trng thnh v trng, cc thuc thng dng l: Commite, Nissorun, Polytrin ... dng theo liu lng khuyn co v xt thng vo lc 8-9 gi sng khi c nng th hiu qu tiu dit cao.

B. Bnh do nm xut hin trn lan h ip

1. Bnh thi en (black rot):

Thng gp vo ma ma nhng vn c m cao hoc ti nc qu nhiu. Bnh ny thng gy thit hi nghim trng: Cy thng cht nhiu v nhanh chng, nht l i vi cy con. Bnh thng xut hin gc, r ri v lan dn ln thn cy. Ban u pht sinh chi non lm chi thi thnh mu nu, khi cm vo th ri khi thn d dng, mm nhng v y nc. Nguyn nhn l do nm Collectotrichum sp v Phytophthora sp. nhng phn ln l do nm Phytophthora sp. gy ra. Vic bn phn ho tan khng ht khi ti cho cy s lm cy bm ngn v lm nm bnh d gy hi. Ngoi ra trong ma ma, nu ti phn c hm lng m cao cng l nguyn nhn gy bnh.

Phng tr: cy con thng d b bnh hn, nn tch cy b bnh ra ring v s dng thuc nga cho nhng cy cn li bng cch phun hay nhng c cy vo dung dch thuc nm. cy ln th ct b phn b thi, nu thi t th rt b t v phun thuc nm vo. Cc thuc dit nm c th s dng l: Kasumin, TopsinM, CuzateM8, Score,super Tilt...theo nng khuyn co ca thuc.

2. Bnh m vng (Anthracnose):

L c chm trn mu nu , nu chy ri lan rng ra thnh nhiu vng trn ng tm, sau cng s kh chy. Du vt to nh tu theo tng loi lan v tu theo tng mi trng m nm pht trin, nu ma nhiu th l s b thi ngay. Nguyn nhn l do nm Glocosporium sp. v Collectotrichum sp. gy ra. Bnh thng xut hin vo ma ma nn phi phng nga trc, thng x l bng cch ct b l b bnh v phun cc loi thuc nh : Mancozep, Dithal, Vicaben...theo nng khuyn co.

3. Bnh kh l (Leaf blight):

Bnh ny thng gp nhiu nh bnh m vng v hai bnh ny thng pht sinh cng mt lc nn bnh ny cng trm trng hn.

Triu chng: Giai on u l kh sau bin thnh mu nu nht, thng khi u bng mt chm en trn l, c th t u l kh dn vo hay t gc l lan nhanh ln ri kh ht c l.

Nguyn nhn: do nm thuc ging Phylostica gy ra, pht trin do bo t v pht tn trong khng kh nh gi.

Phng tr: Phun thuc Score hay Super Tilt 5 ngy/ln cho n khi cy ht bnh.

4. Bnh ho r (Wilt):

Nm Sclerotium rolfsii gy ho r lan h ip

Bnh ho r l bnh thng thng nhng khng km phn quan trng n l tr ngi ln cho nhng ngi trng phong lan. Bnh ny t xut hin trn a lan.

Triu chng: R kh dn, cy cn nh gp bnh ny c hin tng l a vng t di ln v cht c cy. i vi cy pht trin tt th cy khng cht nhng r b kh mc v s lm cho cy chm pht trin, nu r kh nhiu th cy cng yu nhiu.

Nguyn nhn: Do nm Sclerotium rolfsii gy nn, cn gi l nm hch, nhng hch ny c th tn ti trong mi trng rt lu, khi c iu kin m v nhit cao nhng hch ny pht trin thnh si nm v gy bnh rt nhanh, nu khng cha tr ngay th c th lm h ht c vn.

Phng tr: C th dng cc loi nh Anvil, Sumi eight ...phun vo phn gc r tun 2 ln khi bt u chm bnh.

C. Bnh do vi khun trn lan h ip

1. Bnh thi mm (Bacterial Soft and Brown Rot - Erwinia)

Triu chng: T mt chm nh bt ngun t mt du bm trn ngn l do git nc ma qu mnh gy ra ri lan nhanh thnh mu nu nh b phng nc si, ch cn s tay vo mt t thy dnh tay, sau s thi ht c chi.

Nguyn nhn: Do vi khun Erwinia Carotovora gy nn, thng gp nhng vn c m cao, chm sc khng y v pht trin mnh vo ma ma. Thng vi khun ny lm hi cy do cc vt thng hoc do su b cn, bnh ny ly lan rt mnh, cy c th cht sau 2-3 ngy nhim bnh.

Phng tr: Ct phn b thi ri em c cy ngm vo dung dch Kasumin 5g/lit trong vng 10 pht hoc dng Agrimycin hay dung dch 1gam thuc tm pha trong 10 lt nc. Ngng ti nc 2-3 ngy sau khi phun thuc. Trong trng hp b bnh nng, nn ly cy ra khi chu ri ngm vo nc thuc trn, sau chuyn sang trng vo chu mi. Gi ng chu lan b bnh dng dung dch foocmol t l 1: 50 pha vi nc v lau sch. Sau cn phun xt li vn lan hon ton ht bnh.

2. Bnh thi nu (Bacterial Brown Spot)

Triu chng: Xut hin nhng chm mu xanh m trn l, trn, lan rng rt nhanh. T bo ni bin thnh mu nu hay en, mm nhng v cha y nc. Nu lu cc vt bnh ny s lan ra c cy rt nhanh.

Nguyn nhn: Do vi khun Phytomonas ? (Acidovorax (syn. / ng danh Pseudomonas) gy ra cng vi s tn thng c hc trong ma ma.

Phng tr: Hn ch cc nguyn nhn gy tn thng c hc cho cy trong ma ma, gi cho vn lan khng b qu m. Dng khng sinh trong nng nghip nh Agrimycin phun cho c vn v ngng ti nc 2-3 ngy. C th dng 1gam Strep- tomycin + 2vin Tetracylin 500 ho tan vo 1,5 lt nc tr bnh cho cy. C th dng theo cch tr bnh nh bnh thi mm trn.

D. Bnh do virus trn lan h ip

Botrytis Petal Blight / Bnh (lm) tn cnh hoa

Cc biu hin ca vn lan b virus thng thy nh: L c m trong, mu xanh khng u, c ch xanh nht, c ch xanh m. Hoa c mu khng u xen ln nhng vt trng, hoa nh, cnh ngn. Cy thng cn ci, khng pht trin c. Cattleya thng gp virus gy nn bnh sc trng hoa. Bnh virus rt d ly lan qua dng c tch chit, qua cc cn trng chm ht gy hi. Nn cch ly hon ton cy b bnh virus vi nhng cy khc. Khng c cch cha tr no khc ngoi vic phi t b cy b bnh, kh trng dng c tch chit v v sinh vn