Mosses, Liverworts, and Lichens
36
Mosses, Liverworts, and Lichens BWBS, SBS, ESSF SBPS Subzone x or d x or d Subzone m mc Subzone w or v mk Mosses, Liverworts, and Lichens Aulacomnium palustre – glow moss 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A B C D E BWBS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A B C D E SBS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A B C D E Northern ESSF 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A B C D E SBPS Indicator Values and Species Notes • shade-intolerant. • may indicate a frost-prone site; on mesic sites it indicates cold air ponding. • persists in pioneer seral stage.
Transcript of Mosses, Liverworts, and Lichens
Mosses, Liverworts, and Lichens
BWBS, SBS, ESSF SBPSSubzone x or d x or dSubzone m mcSubzone w or v mk
Mosses, Liverworts, and Lichens
Aulacomnium palustre – glow moss
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D EBWBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ENorthern ESSF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBPS
Indicator Values and Species Notes• shade-intolerant.• may indicate a frost-prone site; on mesic sites
it indicates cold air ponding.• persists in pioneer seral stage.
Edatopic Grids
BWBS, SBS, ESSF SBPSSubzone x or d x or dSubzone m mcSubzone w or v mk
BWBS, SBS, ESSF SBPSSubzone x or d x or dSubzone m mcSubzone w or v mk
Barbilophozia floerkei – mountain leafy liverwort
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ENorthern ESSF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D EBWBS
No data
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBPS
No data
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
SBS
Insufficient data
A B C D E
Indicator Values and Species Notes• shade-tolerant.• considered a subalpine species.
Barbilophozia hatcheri – Hatcher’s fan wort
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ENorthern ESSF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
BWBS
Insufficient data
A B C D E
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
SBPS
Insufficient data
A B C D E
Mosses, Liverworts, and Lichens
BWBS, SBS, ESSF SBPSSubzone x or d x or dSubzone m mcSubzone w or v mk
BWBS, SBS, ESSF SBPSSubzone x or d x or dSubzone m mcSubzone w or v mk
Barbilophozia lycopodioides – common leafy liverwort
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D EBWBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ENorthern ESSF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
SBPS
Insufficient data
A B C D E
Indicator Values and Species Notes• shade-tolerant.• decreases in abundance in pioneer seral stage.
Brachythecium hylotapetum – woodsy ragged moss
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ENorthern ESSF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBPS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
BWBS
Insufficient data
A B C D E
Edatopic Grids
BWBS, SBS, ESSF SBPSSubzone x or d x or dSubzone m mcSubzone w or v mk
BWBS, SBS, ESSF SBPSSubzone x or d x or dSubzone m mcSubzone w or v mk
Brachythecium spp. – ragged mosses
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D EBWBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ENorthern ESSF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBPS
Cladina arbuscula – green reindeer lichen
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D EBWBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ENorthern ESSF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBPS
Indicator Values and Species Notes• was C. mitis.• in old-growth stands replaced by mosses, except
on drier sites.• decreases in abundance in pioneer and young
seral forests.
Indicator Values and Species Notes• photo is of B. hylotapteum.
Mosses, Liverworts, and Lichens
BWBS, SBS, ESSF SBPSSubzone x or d x or dSubzone m mcSubzone w or v mk
BWBS, SBS, ESSF SBPSSubzone x or d x or dSubzone m mcSubzone w or v mk
Cladina rangiferina – grey reindeer lichen
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D EBWBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ENorthern ESSF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBPS
Indicator Values and Species Notes• shade-intolerant.• associated with thin mor humus forms.• sparse in areas with heavy snowpacks.• decreases in abundance in old-growth stands
where it is replaced by mosses, except ondrier sites.
Cladina spp. – reindeer lichens
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D EBWBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ENorthern ESSF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBPS
Indicator Values and Species Notes• moderately shade-tolerant to shade-
intolerant.• associated with mor humus forms.• in old-growth stands replaced by mosses,
except on drier sites.• photo is of C. rangiferina.
Edatopic Grids
BWBS, SBS, ESSF SBPSSubzone x or d x or dSubzone m mcSubzone w or v mk
BWBS, SBS, ESSF SBPSSubzone x or d x or dSubzone m mcSubzone w or v mk
Cladonia gracilis – black foot cladonia
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D EBWBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBPS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ENorthern ESSF
No data
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBS
No data
Indicator Values and Species Notes• shade-intolerant.• associated with thin mor humus forms.• increases in abundance in young seral stage after
fire.
Cladonia spp. – pixie-cup lichens
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D EBWBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ENorthern ESSF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBPS
Indicator Values and Species Notes• often increases in abundance in pioneer seral
stage.• occurs on most grid locations on rotting wood.• photo is of C. gracilis.
Mosses, Liverworts, and Lichens
BWBS, SBS, ESSF SBPSSubzone x or d x or dSubzone m mcSubzone w or v mk
BWBS, SBS, ESSF SBPSSubzone x or d x or dSubzone m mcSubzone w or v mk
Dicranum polysetum – wavy-leaved moss
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D EBWBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ENorthern ESSF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBPS
Dicranum spp. – broom mosses
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D EBWBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ENorthern ESSF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBPS
Indicator Values and Species Notes• photo is of D. polysetum.
Edatopic Grids
BWBS, SBS, ESSF SBPSSubzone x or d x or dSubzone m mcSubzone w or v mk
BWBS, SBS, ESSF SBPSSubzone x or d x or dSubzone m mcSubzone w or v mk
Drepanocladus uncinatus – sickle moss
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D EBWBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ENorthern ESSF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBPS
Drepanocladus spp. – hook mosses
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D EBWBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ENorthern ESSF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBPS
Indicator Values and Species Notes• photo is of D. uncinatus.
Mosses, Liverworts, and Lichens
BWBS, SBS, ESSF SBPSSubzone x or d x or dSubzone m mcSubzone w or v mk
BWBS, SBS, ESSF SBPSSubzone x or d x or dSubzone m mcSubzone w or v mk
Hylocomium splendens – step moss
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D EBWBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ENorthern ESSF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBPS
Indicator Values and Species Notes• shade-tolerant.• decreases in abundance in pioneer seral stage.
Marchantia polymorpha – green-tongue liverwort
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ENorthern ESSF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBPS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
BWBS
Insufficient data
A B C D E
Indicator Values and Species Notes• shade-intolerant.• persists and may increase in pioneer seral
stage after heavy disturbance or burning.• most commonly found in microdepressions.
Edatopic Grids
BWBS, SBS, ESSF SBPSSubzone x or d x or dSubzone m mcSubzone w or v mk
BWBS, SBS, ESSF SBPSSubzone x or d x or dSubzone m mcSubzone w or v mk
Mnium spp. – leafy mosses
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D EBWBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ENorthern ESSF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBPS
Peltigera aphthosa – freckle pelt lichen
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D EBWBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ENorthern ESSF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBPS
Indicator Values and Species Notes• shade-tolerant to shade-intolerant.• persists in deciduous and mixedwood, young
and mature seral forests.
Indicator Values and Species Notes• includes Plagiomnium spp. and Rhizomnium
spp. as well.
Mosses, Liverworts, and Lichens
BWBS, SBS, ESSF SBPSSubzone x or d x or dSubzone m mcSubzone w or v mk
BWBS, SBS, ESSF SBPSSubzone x or d x or dSubzone m mcSubzone w or v mk
Peltigera canina – dog pelt lichen
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D EBWBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ENorthern ESSF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBPS
No data
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBS
No data
Indicator Values and Species Notes• shade-tolerant to shade-intolerant.• persists in deciduous, young and mature seral
forests.
Peltigera malacea – apple pelt lichen
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D EBWBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBPS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Northern ESSF
Insufficient data
A B C D E
Edatopic Grids
BWBS, SBS, ESSF SBPSSubzone x or d x or dSubzone m mcSubzone w or v mk
BWBS, SBS, ESSF SBPSSubzone x or d x or dSubzone m mcSubzone w or v mk
Peltigera spp. – pelt lichens
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D EBWBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ENorthern ESSF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBPS
Plagiomnium medium – common leafy moss
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D EBWBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBPS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Northern ESSF
Insufficient data
A B C D E
Indicator Values and Species Notes• was Mnium medium.
Indicator Values and Species Notes• photo is of P. aphthosa.
Mosses, Liverworts, and Lichens
BWBS, SBS, ESSF SBPSSubzone x or d x or dSubzone m mcSubzone w or v mk
BWBS, SBS, ESSF SBPSSubzone x or d x or dSubzone m mcSubzone w or v mk
Pleurozium schreberi – red-stemmed feathermoss
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D EBWBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ENorthern ESSF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBPS
Indicator Values and Species Notes• shade-tolerant to shade-intolerant.• decreases in abundance in pioneer and young
seral stages.
Pohlia nutans – copper-wire moss
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D EBWBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ENorthern ESSF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
SBPS
Insufficient data
A B C D E
Indicator Values and Species Notes• most abundant on soil after disturbance.• persists in deciduous, mature seral forests.
Edatopic Grids
BWBS, SBS, ESSF SBPSSubzone x or d x or dSubzone m mcSubzone w or v mk
BWBS, SBS, ESSF SBPSSubzone x or d x or dSubzone m mcSubzone w or v mk
Polytrichum commune – common haircap moss
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D EBWBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Northern ESSF
Insufficient data
A B C D E1
2
3
4
5
6
7
SBPS
Insufficient data
A B C D E
Indicator Values and Species Notes• increases in abundance after disturbance,
especially where mineral soil has been exposed.• persists in deciduous, young and mature seral
forests.
Polytrichum juniperinum – juniper haircap moss
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D EBWBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ENorthern ESSF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBPS
Indicator Values and Species Notes• may indicate a frost-prone site.• common on exposed mineral soil.• characteristic of fire-disturbed sites.• shade-tolerant to shade-intolerant.• increases in abundance and edatopic range in
heavily disturbed pioneer seral stage.• persists in deciduous, young and mature seral
forests.
Mosses, Liverworts, and Lichens
BWBS, SBS, ESSF SBPSSubzone x or d x or dSubzone m mcSubzone w or v mk
BWBS, SBS, ESSF SBPSSubzone x or d x or dSubzone m mcSubzone w or v mk
Ptilium crista-castrensis – knight’s plume
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D EBWBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ENorthern ESSF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBPS
Indicator Values and Species Notes• shade-tolerant.• decreases in abundance in pioneer seral stage.• persists in mixedwood and deciduous, young
and mature forests.
Rhizomnium glabrescens – large leafy moss
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D EBWBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ENorthern ESSF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBPS
No data
Indicator Values and Species Notes• very shade-tolerant.• decreases in abundance in pioneer seral stage.
Edatopic Grids
BWBS, SBS, ESSF SBPSSubzone x or d x or dSubzone m mcSubzone w or v mk
BWBS, SBS, ESSF SBPSSubzone x or d x or dSubzone m mcSubzone w or v mk
Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus – electrified cat’s-tail moss
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ENorthern ESSF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBPS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
BWBS
Insufficient data
A B C D E
Indicator Values and Species Notes• shade-tolerant to shade-intolerant.• decreases in abundance in pioneer seral stage.• persists in deciduous, mature seral forests.
Rhytidiopsis robusta – pipecleaner moss
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ENorthern ESSF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
BWBS
Insufficient data
A B C D E
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBPS
No data
Indicator Values and Species Notes• moderately to very shade-tolerant.
Mosses, Liverworts, and Lichens
BWBS, SBS, ESSF SBPSSubzone x or d x or dSubzone m mcSubzone w or v mk
BWBS, SBS, ESSF SBPSSubzone x or d x or dSubzone m mcSubzone w or v mk
Sphagnum capillifolium – common red sphagnum
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D EBWBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBPS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Northern ESSF
Insufficient data
A B C D E
Indicator Values and Species Notes• associated with a high watertable.
Sphagnum girgensohnii – common green sphagnum
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D EBWBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ENorthern ESSF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBPS
No data
Indicator Values and Species Notes• shade-tolerant.
Edatopic Grids
BWBS, SBS, ESSF SBPSSubzone x or d x or dSubzone m mcSubzone w or v mk
BWBS, SBS, ESSF SBPSSubzone x or d x or dSubzone m mcSubzone w or v mk
Sphagnum spp. – peat mosses
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D EBWBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ENorthern ESSF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBPS
Indicator Values and Species Notes• moderately shade-tolerant to shade-intolerant.• on moisture regime and drier it often indicates
black spruce sites with cold (fine-textured) soils.• photo is of S. girgensohnii.
Stereocaulon spp. – coral lichens
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D EBWBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ENorthern ESSF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBPS
Indicator Values and Species Notes• shade-intolerant.
Mosses, Liverworts, and Lichens
BWBS, SBS, ESSF SBPSSubzone x or d x or dSubzone m mcSubzone w or v mk
BWBS, SBS, ESSF SBPSSubzone x or d x or dSubzone m mcSubzone w or v mk
Timmia austriaca – false-polytrichum
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ENorthern ESSF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBPS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
BWBS
Insufficient data
A B C D E
Indicator Values and Species Notes• shade-tolerant to shade-intolerant.• persists in pioneer seral stage.
Tomenthypnum nitens – golden fuzzy fen moss
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D EBWBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ENorthern ESSF
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A B C D ESBPS
Indicator Values and Species Notes• commonly found on calcium-rich sites.
REFERENCES
Banner, A., W. Mackenzie, S. Haeussler, S. Thomson, J. Pojar, and R.Trowbridge. 1993. A field guide to site identification and interpretation forthe Prince Rupert Forest Region. B.C. Min. For. Res. Br., Victoria, B.C.Land Manage. Handb. No. 26.
Beaudry, L., E. Oneil, C. Whittaker, R. Evans, W. Kessler, and D. Lousier. 1997.Ecology and management of Douglas-fir at the northern limits of its range.Identification and interpretation of Douglas-fir ecosystems in the SBSwk3,dw3 and mk1. For. Prog., Nat. Resour. and Environ. Studies, Univ. North-ern B.C., Prince George, B.C.
British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Cariboo Forest Region. 1982 (revisedJanuary 1989). A field guide for the identification and interpretation ofecosystems of the Cariboo Forest Region (EP 822.04). Author’s draft. B.C.Min. For. Research Section, Williams Lake, B.C.
Delesalle, B. 1998. Understanding wetlands: a wetland handbook for BritishColumbia’s interior. Ducks Unlimited Canada, Kamloops, B.C.
DeLong, C. 1988. A field guide for identification and interpretation of seralaspen ecosystems of the BWBSc1, Prince George Forest Region. B.C. Min.For. Prince George For. Reg., Prince George, B.C.
DeLong, C. and M.J. Jull. 1996. Draft field guide insert for site identificationand interpretation for the Rocky Mountain trench. B.C. Min. For. PrinceGeorge For. Reg., Prince George, B.C.
DeLong, C., A. MacKinnon, and L. Jang. 1990. A field guide for identificationand interpretation of ecosystems of the northeast portion of the PrinceGeorge Forest Region. B.C. Min. For. Res. Br., Victoria, B.C. Land Manage.Handb. No. 22.
DeLong, C., D. Tanner, and M.J. Jull. 1993. A field guide for site identificationand interpretation for the southwest portion of the Prince George ForestRegion. B.C. Min. For. Res. Br., Victoria, B.C. Land Manage. Handb.No. 24.
——– . 1994. A field guide for site identification and interpretation for thenorthern Rockies portion of the Prince George Forest Region. B.C.Min. For. Res. Br., Victoria, B.C. Land Manage. Handb. No. 29.
References
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Douglas, G.W., G.B. Straley, and D. Meidinger. 1989. The vascularplants of British Columbia. Part 1. Gymnosperms and Dicotyledons(Aceraceae through Cucurbitaceae). B.C. Min. For. Res. Br. and RoyalB.C. Museum, Victoria, B.C. Spec. Rep. Ser. No. 1.
——– . 1990. The vascular plants of British Columbia. Part 2. Dicotyledons(Diapensiaceae through Portulacaceae). B.C. Min. For. Res. Br. and RoyalB.C. Museum, Victoria, B.C. Spec. Rep. Ser. No. 2.
——– . 1991. The vascular plants of British Columbia. Part 3. Dicotyledons(Primulacaea through Zygophyllaceae) and Pteridophytes. B.C. Min. For.Res. Br. and Royal B.C. Museum, Victoria, B.C. Spec. Rep. Ser. No. 3.
——– . 1994. The vascular plants of British Columbia. Part 4. Monocotyledons.B.C. Min. For. Res. Br. and Royal B.C. Museum, Victoria, B.C. Spec. Rep.Ser. No. 4.
Haeussler, S., D. Coates, and J. Mather. 1990. Autecology of common plantsin British Columbia: a literature review. For. Can. and B.C. Min. For.,Victoria, B.C. FRDA Rep. 158.
Johnson, D., L. Kershaw, A. MacKinnon, and J. Pojar. 1995. Plants of thewestern boreal forest and aspen parkland. Can. For. Serv., Nat. Resour.Can., Canada–Alberta Partnership Agreement in Forestry. Lone PinePublishing, Edmonton, Alta.
Klinka, K., V.J. Krajina, A. Ceska, and A.M. Scagel. 1989. Indicator plants ofcoastal British Columbia. Univ. B.C. Press, Vancouver, B.C.
Lavender, D.P., R. Parish, C.M. Johnson, G. Montgomery, A. Vyse, R.A. Willis,and D. Winston. 1990. Regenerating British Columbia’s forests. For. Can.and B.C. Min. For., Victoria, B.C.
Lloyd, D., K. Angove, G. Hope, and C. Thompson. 1990. A guide to siteidentification and interpretation for the Kamloops Forest Region. B.C. Min.For. Res. Br., Victoria, B.C. Land Manage. Handb. No. 23.
References
Luttmerding, H.A., D.A. Demarchi, E.C. Lea, D.V. Meidinger, and T. Vold.1990. Describing ecosystems in the field. B.C. Min. Environ., Lands andParks, Victoria, B.C. MOE Manual 11.
MacKinnon, A., C. DeLong, and D. Meidinger. 1990. A field guidefor identification and interpretation of ecosystems of the northwest portionof the Prince George Forest Region. B.C. Min. For. Res. Br., Victoria, B.C.Land Manage. Handb. No. 21.
MacKinnon, A., J. Pojar, and R. Coupé. 1992. Plants of northern BritishColumbia. B.C. Min. For. and For. Can. Lone Pine Publishing, Edmonton,Alta.
Parish, R., R. Coupé, and D. Lloyd. 1996. Plants of southern interior BritishColumbia. B.C. Min. For. and Lone Pine Publishing, Vancouver, B.C.
Pojar, J., R. Love., D. Meidinger, and R. Scagel. 1982. Some common plants ofthe sub-boreal-spruce zone. B.C. Min. For. Res. Br., Victoria, B.C. LandManage. Handb. No. 6.
Porter, G.L. 1990. Willow species of disturbed sites in the Sub-Boreal SpruceZone in north-central British Columbia. For. Can. and B.C. Min. For. Res.Br., Victoria, B.C.
Province of British Columbia. 1998. Field manual for describing terrestrialecosystems. B.C. Min. Environ., Lands and Parks, Resour. Inv. Br.,and B.C. Min. For. Res. Br., Victoria, B.C. Land Manage. Handb.No. 25.
Ringius, G.S. and R.A. Sims. 1997. Indicator plant species in Canadian forests.Can. For. Serv. Nat. Resour. Can., Ottawa, Ont.
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References
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References
Index
INDEX – COMMON AND SCIENTIFIC NAMES
A
Abies lasiocarpa 7Acer glabrum 13Achillea millefolium 34Aconitum delphiniifolium 35Actaea rubra 35alder,
green 14mountain 14Sitka 14
Allium cernuum
Alnus crispa 14Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia
Alnus tenuifolia 14Alnus viridis ssp. crispa 14Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata
Amelanchier alnifolia
Anemone multifida
anemone, cut-leaved 36Antennaria microphylla 37Antennaria neglecta
Antennaria racemosa 37Antennaria rosea
Antennaria umbrinella
Aquilegia formosa
Aralia nudicaulis
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
Arnica cordifolia
Arnica latifolia
arnica,heart-leaved 40mountain 40
Aruncus dioicus
aspen, trembling 11 (96)Aster ciliolatus
Aster conspicuus
Aster modestus
aster,fringed 41great northern 42
Index
Lindley’s 41showy 42
Athyrium filix-femina
Aulacomnium palustre
avens, large-leaved 54azalea, false 19
B
baneberry 35Barbilophozia floerkei 100Barbilophozia hatcheri
Barbilophozia lycopodioides
bedstraw,northern 52sweet-scented 53
Betula glandulosa
Betula papyrifera
birch,paper 8scrub 15
bluebells, tall 64blueberry,
dwarf 83oval-leaved 32velvet-leaved 32
bog-laurel, western 57Brachythecium spp. – ragged mosses
Brachythecium hylotapetum
bramble, five-leaved 74brome, Columbia 88Bromus vulgaris
bunchberry 46burnet, Sitka 75
C
Calamagrostis canadensis
Calamagrostis rubescens
Carex spp.
Carex deflexa 90Carex disperma
Carex richardsonii 90
Index
Carex rossii 90Carex siccata 90Cassiope mertensiana
Castilleja miniata
Chamaedaphne calyculata
Chimaphila umbellata
Cinna latifolia
cinquefoil,marsh 72shrubby 21
Circaea alpina
Cladina spp. – reindeer lichens
Cladina arbuscula
Cladina mitis 102Cladina rangiferina
Cladonia spp.
Cladonia gracilis
cladonia, black foot 104Clintonia uniflora
cloudberry 74clubmoss, stiff 61coltsfoot, sweet 69columbine, red 38Cornus canadensis
Cornus stolonifera
cotton-grass, narrow-leaved 92cottonwood, black 11cow-parsnip 56cow-wheat 64cranberry, bog 68crowberry 48currant,
northern black 22red swamp 24trailing black 23
D
daisy, subalpine 51Delphinium glaucum
devil’s club 20Dicranum spp. – broom mosses
Dicranum polysetum
Index
Disporum hookeri
Disporum trachycarpum
dogwood, red-osier 16Douglas-fir (8) 12 (13) (36)Drepanocladus spp. – hook mosses
Drepanocladus uncinatus
Dryopteris expansa
E
Elaeagnus commutata
elderberry, red 28Elymus glaucus
Elymus innovatus 94Elymus trachycaulus
Empetrum nigrum
enchanter’s-nightshade 45Epilobium angustifolium
Equisetum arvense
Equisetum pratense
Equisetum scirpoides
Equisetum sylvaticum
Erigeron peregrinus
Eriophorum angustifolium
F
fairybells,Hooker’s 47rough-fruited 47
false Solomon’s-seal 78star-flowered 78
falsebox 20false-polytrichum 117fan wort, Hatcher’s 100feathermoss, red-stemmed 111fern,
lady 43oak 56ostrich 63spiny wood 48
fescue,Rocky Mountain 93western 93
Index
Festuca occidentalis
Festuca saximontana
fir, subalpine 7fireweed 49foamflower,
one-leaved 81three-leaved 81
Fragaria virginiana
G
Galium boreale
Galium triflorum
Gaultheria hispidula
Geocaulon lividum
Geum macrophyllum
globeflower 82goatsbeard 41goldenrod, spike-like 79Goodyera oblongifolia
Goodyera repens
gooseberry,black 22northern 23
grass-of-Parnassus, fringed 68ground-cedar 62groundsel, arrow-leaved 77grouseberry 83Gymnocarpium dryopteris
H
hairgrass, mountain 98hawkweed, white 57hellebore, Indian 85hemlock, mountain 12Heracleum lanatum
Hieracium albiflorum
highbush-cranberry 33horsetail,
common 49meadow 50wood 51
Index
huckleberry, black 31Hylocomium splendens
J
Jacob’s-ladder, showy 71junegrass 94juniper,
common 17Rocky Mountain 36
Juniperus communis
K
Kalmia microphylla
kinnikinnick 39knight’s plume 113Koeleria macrantha
L
Labrador tea 18Larix laricina
larkspur, tall 46Lathyrus nevadensis
Lathyrus ochroleucus
leatherleaf 16Ledum groenlandicum
Leymus innovatus
lichen,apple pelt 109coral 116dog pelt 109freckle pelt 108green reindeer 102grey reindeer 103pelt 110pixie-cup 104reindeer 103
Lilium columbianum
lily, tiger 59lily-of-the-valley, wild 63lingonberry 84
Index
Linnaea borealis
Listera cordata
liverwort,common leafy 101green-tongue 107mountain leafy 100
Lonicera involucrata
lousewort, bracted 69Luetkea pectinata
lupine, arctic 61Lupinus arcticus
Lycopodium annotinum
Lycopodium complanatum
Lysichiton americanum
M
Mahonia aquifolium
Maianthemum canadense
maple, Douglas 13Marchantia polymorpha
Matteuccia struthiopteris
meadowrue, western 81Melampyrum lineare
melic, false 96Menziesia ferruginea
Mertensia paniculata
Mitella nuda
Mitella pentandra
mitrewort,common 65five-stamened 65
Mnium spp.
Mnium medium
Moneses uniflora
monkshood, mountain 35moss,
broom 105common haircap 112common leafy 110copper-wire 111electrified cat’s-tail 114glow 99
Index
golden fuzzy fen 117hook 106juniper haircap 112large leafy 113leafy 108peat 116pipecleaner 114ragged 102sickle 106step 107wavy-leaved 105woodsy ragged 101
mountain-ash,Sitka 29western 29
mountain-heather,pink 70white 43
N
nagoonberry 73needlegrass, spreading 96nettle, stinging 82
O
onion, nodding 36Oplopanax horridus
orchid,dwarf rattlesnake 55large round-leaved rein 71one-leaved rein 70
Oregon-grape, tall 19Orthilia secunda
Oryzopsis asperifolia
Oryzopsis pungens
Osmorhiza chilensis
Osmorhiza purpurea
Oxycoccus oxycoccos
P
paintbrush, scarlet 44Parnassia fimbriata
Index
partridgefoot 60Paxistima myrsinites
peavine,creamy 58purple 58
Pedicularis bracteosa
Peltigera spp.
Peltigera aphthosa
Peltigera canina
Peltigera malacea
Petasites frigidus var. frigidus
Petasites frigidus var. nivalis 69Petasites frigidus var. palmatus 69Phyllodoce empetriformis
Picea engelmannii
Picea glauca 9Picea mariana 9pine,
lodgepole 10whitebark 10
pinegrass 89Pinus albicaulis
Pinus contorta
Plagiomnium medium
Platanthera obtusata
Platanthera orbiculata
Pleurozium schreberi
Pohlia nutans
Polemonium pulcherrimum
Polytrichum commune
Polytrichum juniperinum
poplar, balsam 11Populus balsamifera ssp. balsamifera
Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa 11Populus tremuloides
Potentilla fruticosa
Potentilla palustris
prince’s pine 44Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca
Ptilium crista-castrensis
pussytoes,field 37rosy 37
Index
umber 38Pyrola asarifolia
Pyrola chlorantha
Q
queen’s cup 45
R
raspberry,red 25trailing 75
rattlesnake-plantain 55reed grass, bluejoint 89Rhizomnium glabrescens
Rhododendron albiflorum
rhododendron, white-flowered 21Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus
Rhytidiopsis robusta
Ribes glandulosum
Ribes hudsonianum
Ribes lacustre
Ribes laxiflorum
Ribes oxyacanthoides
Ribes triste
ricegrass,rough-leaved 95short-awned 95
Rosa acicularis
rose, prickly 24Rubus arcticus
Rubus chamaemorus
Rubus idaeus
Rubus parviflorus
Rubus pedatus
Rubus pubescens
S
Salix barclayi
Salix bebbiana
Salix glauca
Salix scouleriana
Sambucus racemosa
Index
Sanguisorba canadensis
sarsaparilla, wild 39saskatoon 15Saxifraga ferruginea
saxifrage, Alaska 76Schizachne purpurascens
scouring-rush, dwarf 50sedge, soft-leaved 90sedges 90Sedum lanceolatum
selaginella, compact 77Selaginella densa
Senecio triangularis
Shepherdia canadensis
silverberry 17single delight 66skunk cabbage 62Smilacina racemosa
Smilacina stellata
snowberry,common 31creeping- 53
Solidago spathulata
soopolallie 28Sorbus scopulina
Sorbus sitchensis
Sphagnum spp. – peat mosses
Sphagnum capillifolium
Sphagnum girgensohnii
sphagnum, (74) 116common green 115common red 115
Spiraea betulifolia
Spiraea douglasii ssp. menziesii
spirea,birch-leaved 30pink 30
spruce,black 9 (116)Engelmann 9white 9white hybrids 9
Index
Stereocaulon spp.
Stipa richardsonii
stonecrop, lance-leaved 76strawberry, wild 52Streptopus amplexifolius
Streptopus roseus
Streptopus streptopoides
sweet-cicely,mountain 67purple 67
Symphoricarpos albus
T
tamarack 8Thalictrum occidentale
thimbleberry 25Tiarella trifoliata var. trifoliata
Tiarella trifoliata var. unifoliata 81Timmia austriaca
toad-flax, bastard 54Tomenthypnum nitens
Trisetum cernuum
Trisetum spicatum
trisetum,nodding 97spike 97
Trollius laxus
Tsuga mertensiana
twayblade, heart-leaved 60twinberry, black 18twinflower 59twistedstalk,
clasping 79rosy 80small 80
U
Urtica dioica
V
Vaccinium caespitosum
Vaccinium membranaceum
Index
Vaccinium myrtilloides
Vaccinium ovalifolium
Vaccinium scoparium
Vaccinium vitis-idaea
Vahlodea atropurpurea
valerian, Sitka 84Valeriana sitchensis
Veratrum viride
vetch, American 85Viburnum edule
Vicia americana
Viola adunca
Viola glabella
Viola orbiculata
Viola renifolia
violet,early blue 86kidney-leaved 87round-leaved 87stream 86
WWWWW
wheatgrass, slender 92wildrye,
blue 91fuzzy-spiked 94
willow,Barclay’s 26Bebb’s 26grey-leaved 27Scouler’s 27
wintergreen,green 73one-sided 66pink 72
wood-reed, nodding 91
Y
yarrow 34
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