Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever

Mossa Sultany

CONTENTS History

Organism

Vectors

Transmission

Clinical findings

Diagnosis

Prevention

Treatment

HISTORY 1944

First described in Crimea

200 soviet military personnel

1956

described for the second time in Congo

1969

Named CCHF

THE ORGANISM

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus

Family Bunyaviradae

Genus Nairovirus

VECTORS

transmitted by ticks

Hyalomma

• Trans-ovarial transmission

• Trans-stadial transmission

CCHF VIRUS CYCLE

TRANSMISSION IN HUMANS

Tick bites

Contact with infected crushed ticks

Contact with infected animal

Human to human

Ingestion of unpasteurized milk

CLINICAL STAGES IN HUMANS

Incubation period

Prehemorrhagic phase

Hemorrhagic phase

Convalescent phase

INCUBATION PERIOD

Depends on route of exposure

Tick bites

• 1-3 days (up to 9 days)

Blood or tissue

• 5-6 days (up to 13 days)

PREHEMORRHAGIC PHASE

High fever

Chills

Myalagia

Neck pain and stiffness

Headache

Abdominal pain

No-bloody diarrhea

Hypotension

Relative bradycardia

Conjunctivitis

Pharyngitis

HEMORRHAGIC PHASE Petechial rash

Petechiae

Ecchymoses

Epistaxis

Hematemesis

Melena

Hemoptysis

Hematuria

CONVALESCENT PHASE

10-20 days after illness onset

Generalized weakness

Tachycardia

Other nonspecific symptoms

Recovery usually complete but slow