MOSQUITO CONTROL MOSQUITO CONTROL PESTICIDE EXPOSURE AND PESTICIDE EXPOSURE AND

HOW TO RESPOND TO HOW TO RESPOND TO PUBLIC CONCERNSPUBLIC CONCERNS

Presented ByPresented By

Brian J. Hughes, PhDBrian J. Hughes, PhD

at theat the

Arbovirus Surveillance Arbovirus Surveillance Workshop Friday, May 2, 2003Workshop Friday, May 2, 2003

Risk Communication IssuesRisk Communication Issues

The expert responds to The expert responds to hazard;hazard;

The public responds to The public responds to outrage.outrage.

--Peter SandmanPeter Sandman

What triggers OutrageWhat triggers Outrage

AcceptableAcceptableVoluntaryVoluntaryNaturalNaturalFamiliarFamiliarKnowableKnowableContinualContinualEasily Easily UnderstoodUnderstoodSelf controlledSelf controlled

UnacceptableUnacceptableForcedForcedMan madeMan madeEsotericEsotericConfidentialConfidentialCatastrophicCatastrophicDifficultDifficultOutside Outside personal controlpersonal control

Toxicity CategoriesToxicity CategoriesLD and LCLD and LC5050s – Amount of chemical to kill 50% of an animal s – Amount of chemical to kill 50% of an animal

populationpopulation

LDLD5050 LCLC5050

CategorCategoryy

Signal Signal WordWord

OralOral

mg/kgmg/kgDermalDermal

mg/kgmg/kgInhalatioInhalationn

mg/Lmg/L

II DangerDanger < 50< 50 <200<200 <.2<.2

IIII WarninWarningg

50 thru 50 thru 500500

200 200 thru thru 2,0002,000

.2 thru 2.2 thru 2

IIIIII CautioCautionn

<500 <500 thru thru 5,0005,000

2,000 2,000 thru thru 20,00020,000

2 thru 202 thru 20

IVIV CautioCautionn

>5,000>5,000 >20,00>20,0000

>20>20

Toxicity CategoriesToxicity Categories

CategoryCategory Signal Signal WordWord

Eye EffectsEye Effects Skin EffectsSkin Effects

II DangerDanger Corrosive, corneal Corrosive, corneal opacity not opacity not reversible within 7 reversible within 7 daysdays

CorrosiveCorrosive

IIII WarningWarning Corneal opacity Corneal opacity reversible within 7 reversible within 7 days; irritation days; irritation persisting for 7 persisting for 7 daysdays

Severe irritation Severe irritation at 72 hrsat 72 hrs

IIIIII CautionCaution No corneal opacity; No corneal opacity; irritation reversible irritation reversible within 7 dayswithin 7 days

Moderate Moderate irritation in 72 irritation in 72 hrshrs

IVIV CautionCaution No irritationNo irritation Mild or slight Mild or slight irritation at 72 irritation at 72 hrs.hrs.

PESTICIDE DOSE RESPONSE CURVENo observable effect levels = A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, or I

Acute or Chronic Toxicity = J, K, or L

DEETDEET

ToxicologyToxicology

LDLD5050 oral = 2,000 to 3,000 mg/kg oral = 2,000 to 3,000 mg/kg

LDLD5050 dermal = 3,150 mg/kg dermal = 3,150 mg/kg

Mildly irritating to the eyes and skinMildly irritating to the eyes and skin

Quickly metabolized in the body Quickly metabolized in the body and and completely eliminated in 1-3 completely eliminated in 1-3 daysdays

Serious adverse effects are Serious adverse effects are infrequent and infrequent and are generally associated are generally associated with gross over with gross over use of productuse of product

Efficacy of DEET RepellentsEfficacy of DEET RepellentsN Engl J Med, Vol. 347, No. 1N Engl J Med, Vol. 347, No. 1

ChemicalChemical % % Active Active

Mean Protection Time Mean Protection Time (hours)(hours)

DEETDEET 23.823.8 301.5301.5

DEETDEET 2020 234.4234.4

DEETDEET 6.656.65 112.4112.4

Soybean Soybean OilOil

22 94.694.6

DEETDEET 4.754.75 88.488.4

IR3535IR3535 7.57.5 22.922.9

CitronellaCitronella 1010 19.719.7

Bacillus Thuringiensis (var. Bacillus Thuringiensis (var. israelensis)*israelensis)*

LDLD5050 oral = 2,650 mg/kg oral = 2,650 mg/kg

LDLD5050 dermal = 6,280 mg/kg dermal = 6,280 mg/kg

Mildly irritating to the eyeMildly irritating to the eye

No chronic effectsNo chronic effects

Bacterial toxin specifically targeted to Bacterial toxin specifically targeted to receptors in the midgut of target insectreceptors in the midgut of target insect

May last up to 30 days in briquette formMay last up to 30 days in briquette form

* Formulated product* Formulated product

MalathionMalathion

LDLD5050 oral = 1,000 to 10,000 oral = 1,000 to 10,000

mg/kgmg/kg

LDLD5050 dermal = > 4,000 mg/kg dermal = > 4,000 mg/kg

Catagorized as “Slightly toxic”Catagorized as “Slightly toxic”

Acute symptoms occur at very high Acute symptoms occur at very high intake: headache, dizziness, intake: headache, dizziness, blurred vision, etc.blurred vision, etc.

ResmethrinResmethrin

LDLD5050 oral = 2,500 mg/kg oral = 2,500 mg/kg

LDLD5050 dermal = > 3,000 mg/kg dermal = > 3,000 mg/kg

LCLC50 50 inhalation = 9.49 mg/kg inhalation = 9.49 mg/kg

Chronic effects include changes in Chronic effects include changes in liver and thyroid at high levelsliver and thyroid at high levels

Catagorized as “Slightly Toxic”Catagorized as “Slightly Toxic”

Table 1: Selected Pesticides for Mosquito Table 1: Selected Pesticides for Mosquito

Control: Hazard Class and ToxicityControl: Hazard Class and Toxicity

ChlorpyrifosNaledMalathion

PyrethrinsResmethrinTemephos

Permethrin

Sumithrin*Methroprene*Bti*Bs*Mineral Oil*

Online ResourcesOnline Resources

ToxlineToxline

http://toxnet.nlm.nih.govhttp://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov

EXTOXNETEXTOXNET

http://http://ace.orst.edu/info/extoxnetace.orst.edu/info/extoxnet

EPAEPA

http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/

http://www.epa.gov/iris/http://www.epa.gov/iris/

Outrage ReductionOutrage Reduction

Pay attention to unvoiced concerns or Pay attention to unvoiced concerns or underlying motivesunderlying motives

Share controlShare control

Stake out the middle not the Stake out the middle not the extremesextremes

Acknowledge prior misbehaviors or Acknowledge prior misbehaviors or current problemscurrent problems

Discuss achievements with humilityDiscuss achievements with humility

Last TipsLast Tips

1.1. Listen (SOAR)Listen (SOAR)

2.2. Be FairBe Fair

3.3. Motivate people Motivate people

4.4. Engineer alternativesEngineer alternatives

5.5. Protect self esteemProtect self esteem