Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide 1

Chapter 8 Chapter 8 Minerals

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Chapter 8Chapter 8

Lesson 8.1Lesson 8.1

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Key ConceptKey Concept

• The human body requires a variety of minerals in different amounts to perform numerous metabolic tasks.

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The Nature of Body Minerals The Nature of Body Minerals

• Classes of body minerals Major minerals Trace elements

• Functions of minerals

• Mineral metabolism Digestion Absorption Transport

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Chapter 8Chapter 8

Lesson 8.2Lesson 8.2

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Key ConceptsKey Concepts

• A mixed diet of varied foods and adequate energy value is the best source of the minerals necessary for health.

• Of the total amount of minerals a person consumes, only a relatively limited amount is available to the body.

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Major MineralsMajor Minerals

• Calcium Functions• Bone and tooth formation

• Blood clotting

• Muscle and nerve action

• Metabolic reactions Requirements Deficiency states Toxicity symptoms Food sources

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Phosphorus Phosphorus

• Functions Bone and tooth formation Energy metabolism Acid-base balance

• Requirements

• Deficiency states

• Toxicity symptoms

• Food sources

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Sodium Sodium

• Functions Water balance Acid-base balance Muscle action Nutrient absorption

• Requirements

• Deficiency states

• Toxicity symptoms

• Food sources

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Potassium Potassium

• Functions Water balance Metabolic reactions Muscle action Insulin release Blood pressure

• Requirements

• Deficiency states

• Toxicity symptoms

• Food sources

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Chloride Chloride

• Functions Digestion Respiration

• Requirements

• Deficiency states

• Toxicity symptoms

• Food sources

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Magnesium Magnesium

• Functions General metabolism Protein synthesis Muscle action Basal metabolic rate

• Requirements

• Deficiency states

• Toxicity symptoms

• Food sources

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Sulfur Sulfur

• Functions Hair, skin, and nails General metabolic functions Vitamin structure Collagen structure

• Requirements

• Deficiency states

• Toxicity symptoms

• Food sources

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Chapter 8Chapter 8

Lesson 8.3Lesson 8.3

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Key ConceptsKey Concepts

• A mixed diet of varied foods and adequate energy value is the best source of the minerals necessary for health.

• Of the total amount of minerals a person consumes, only a relatively limited amount is available to the body.

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Trace Elements Trace Elements

• Iron Functions• Hemoglobin synthesis

• General metabolism Requirements Deficiency states Toxicity symptoms Food sources

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Iodine Iodine

• Functions

• Requirements

• Deficiency states Goiter Cretinism Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism

• Toxicity symptoms

• Food sources

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Zinc Zinc

• Functions Enzyme constituent Immune system Other functions

• Requirements

• Deficiency states

• Toxicity symptoms

• Food sources

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Selenium Selenium

• Functions

• Requirements

• Deficiency states

• Toxicity symptoms

• Food sources

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Other Trace ElementsOther Trace Elements

• Fluoride

• Copper

• Manganese

• Chromium

• Molybdenum

• Other essential trace elements

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Mineral Supplementation Mineral Supplementation

• Life cycle needs Pregnancy and lactation Adolescence Adulthood

• Clinical needs Iron-deficiency anemia Weight-loss programs Zinc deficiency Potassium-losing drugs