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![Page 1: Morteza Mozaffari Soil Testing and Research Laboratory, Marianna Immediate and Residual Effects of Urea and Pelleted Poultry Manure on Corn and Soil in.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56649d0f5503460f949e4ad3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Morteza MozaffariSoil Testing and Research Laboratory, Marianna
Immediate and Residual Effects of Urea and Pelleted Poultry Manure on Corn and Soil in Arkansas
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Mississippi River Delta Region of Arkansas (MRDRA)
600,000 acres
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Pelleted Poultry Litter (PPL) 3 - 4 - 3
$135/ton
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Objectives
Evaluate the immediate and residual effect of urea and PPL on:
• Corn grain yield
• Corn leaf N
• N recovery by corn grain
• Mehlich-3 extractable P and K
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Research Protocol• Duration: 3 yrs (2005-2007)
• 2004 crop: corn
• Soil: Loring silt loam (Oxyaquic Fragiudalfs)
• Experimental design: RCB with four replications
• Plot size: 40’ by 12.6’, four rows wide
• Standard Zn, S, pest, and irrigation mgmt.
• P or K application: None
• Corn cultivar: main season RRBt
• Planting: 7April to 17 May
• Harvest: 28 Aug to 17 SepStudy site
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Experimental Treatments N-source 2005 2006 2007
----- Total N rate (lb/acre) -----
None 0 0 0
Urea 50 50 50
Urea 100 100 100
Urea 150 150 150
Urea 200 200 200
Urea 250 250 250
Urea 300 300 300
PPL 80 0 0
PPL 160 0 0
PPL 240 0 0
PPL 320 0 0
PPL 400 0 0
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• Soil: Six cores/plot, 0-6” Pre application 05, preplant 07 Mehlich-3 extractable nutrients, pH, OM, NO3-N
• Ear leaf: 20 leaves/plot at silk stage Measured total N by Kjeldahl
• Corn grain: Harvested the two center rows with a plot combine Collected grain sample from each plot at harvest Measured total N by Kjeldahl
Soil and Plant Sampling and Analysis Protocols
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• Analysis of Variance:– to evaluate the annual effect of urea and one time
application of PPL on soil and plant parameters
– sites were analyzed separately
• Corn grain N recovery (GNR):
Data Analysis
(Grain N uptake for that N rate – Grain N uptake at 0 N) GNR =
(Total N applied by that N rate) X (100)
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Today’s TalkI. Background
II. Current status
III. Future plansResults
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Interpretative guidelines for nutrient levels in Arkansas (row crops)
Soil test Level P K
-------- ppm ---------
Very Low < 16 < 61
Low 16-25 61-90
Medium 26-35 91-130
Optimum 36-50 131-175
Above Optimum > 50 > 175
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Selected soil properties in 0-6” depth (spring 2005)
Mehlich-3 extractable nutrients
pH OM NO3-N K P Ca Cu Zn
% ---------------------------- mg/kg -----------------------------
6.5 1.9 6 193 70 1350 1.4 3.5
Soil test K and P were above optimum
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Effect of urea and residual N from PPL on corn grain yield in 2005 G
rain
yie
ld (
bu/a
cre)
0
60
120
180
Urea PPL Control
F
E
D
BCAB
A A
EF
D
CDBCB
Means with the same letter are not statistically different at P =0.1
N rate (lb/acre)
N from urea applied in 2005 N from PPL applied in 2005
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Effect of urea and residual N from PPL on corn grain yield in 2006
0
60
120
180
Urea PPL Control
N from urea applied in 2006 N from PPL applied in 2005
Gra
in y
ield
(b
u/a
cre)
EF
AABC
D
E
I I IH GH FG
N rate (lb/acre)
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Effect of urea and residual N from PPL on corn grain yield in 2007
0
50
100
150
200
Urea PPL Control
N rate (lb/acre)
Gra
in y
ield
(b
u/a
cre)
H
D
CB B
A A
FGGEF E
FG
N from urea applied in 2007 N from PPL applied in 2005
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Urea applied in 2006 PPL applied in 2005
N rate (lb/acre)
Effect of urea and PPL on leaf N
3.8
2.82.12.02.2
0
2
4Leaf
N (
%)
MSD 0.1=0.3
PPL applied in 2005Urea applied in 2007
4.0
2.2 2.01.92.0
0
2
4
MSD 0.1=0.3
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Urea PPL applied in 2005
N rate (lb/acre)
Grain N recovery from urea and PPL
3838
2014
0
30
60
4252
640
30
60
45
61
2.45.5
0
35
70
GNR (%)
2005
2006
2007
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Effect of cropping and residual P from PPL on soil test P in the 0-6” depth in spring 2007
Urea applied in 2006 PPL applied in 2005
N rate (lb/acre)
Mehlich-3 P (ppm)
0
30
60
90
120
Urea PPL Control
EDEDCE
DCC C
B
A
DE DEE
DCE
Optimum soil test P
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Effect of cropping and residual K from PPL on M-3 K in the 0-6” depth (spring 2007)
Annual urea rate PPL, 2005 only
Mehlich-3 K (ppm)
EEDE
BCBCBCD
A
BA
DEECD
E DE
100
140
180
220
260
0 50 100
150
200
250
300 80 16
024
032
040
0
Urea PPL Control
Optimum soil test K
N applied from each source (lb/acre)
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Conclusions • 400 lb N/acre from PPL did not produce yield significantly >
– 200 lb N/acre from urea in yr 1
– 50 lb N acre from urea in yrs 2 and 3
• In the 2nd and 3rd year:– ear leaf N concentration in plants from zero N plots, PPL treated plots,
and low urea plots were not significantly different
• Grain N recovery from PPL– yr 1: 14-29%
– yr 2: 4-6%
– yr 3: 2.5-5%
• PPL application elevated M-3 extractable P and K
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Questions?
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Effect of urea and residual N from PPL on N concentration in corn stover in 2006
Urea 2006 PPL 2005 only
N applied from each source (lb/acre)
Stover N (g/kg)
4
8
12
16
Urea PPL Control
AAA
BBBB B
B B B B