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Army Lists

France

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Creating an army with the Mortem et Gloriam Army Lists

Historical Introduction

1 Dates1-3 Terrain

CampMin

Mandatory Optional Max

- 24 6,8- 80- 0 6,8- 16

Experienced 0 4,6Crossbow 6


Experienced 0 6,9Javelin 9

Historical NotesSome point at or after 1291, the cantons of Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden united to defend their interests after the death of Emperor Rudolf I of Habsburg, forming the nucleus of the Old Swiss Confederacy. By 1353, the three original cantons had been joined by the cantons of Glarus and Zug and the city states of Lucerne, Zürich, and Bern, forming the "Old Federation" of eight states that persisted during much of the 15th century. At the battle of Sempach 1386, the Swiss defeated the Habsburgs, gaining increased autonomy within the Holy Roman Empire.

Troop NotesSwiss armies of this period fought in a single deep block. Most successes were in difficult terrain and used field defences or surprise flank attacks. Troops were armed with axes, two-handed swords and spears but the most common weapon was the halberd.Command was run by committee, hence no option for a legendary general.

Combat Shy -Skirmisher

NotesUp to 2 TuGs may use the Barricades characteristic.

Enfants perdusINFANTRY

Poor Unprotected -

-Combat Shy, DismountableSkirmisher

CrossbowmenINFANTRY

Average Unprotected - Combat Shy -Skirmisher

Mounted crossbowmenCAVALRY

Average Protected -

Melee Expert Orb, BarricadesDrilled Flexible

Verteran halberdiersINFANTRY

Superior Protected Polearm - Orb, BarricadesDrilled Flexible

HalberdiersINFANTRY

Average Protected Polearm

UG SizeTraining and

Internal Allied Generals Unfortified; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Melee

Weaponry

Characteristics

Early SwissArmy Commander Any Professional except Legendary 1291 A.D. to 1405 A.D.Sub-Generals Any Professional Mountains

Version 1: 31st August 2017 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd

1 Dates0-2 Terrain0-3 Camp

Min


- 4 4,6- 12

- 0*see note

- 8Experienced 0 6,8Crossbow 8

- 0 8,9- 9

- 4 4,6- 6


- 18 6,9- 36

- 0**see note

- 8Experienced 0 6

Bow 6

Experienced 0***see note

Powerbow 2- -

Formed Loose

English longbowmen (from 1330 AD)

INFANTRYAverage Protected -

- -Formed Close

Archers (from 1330 AD)INFANTRY

Average Unprotected - - -Formed Loose

Guildsmen with planconINFANTRY

Average Protected 2-H Cut-Crush

- Combat ShyFormed Loose

GuildsmenINFANTRY

Average Protected Long Spear - -Formed Close

Guild crossbowmenINFANTRY

Average Protected -

- -Tribal Close

Communal contingent(s)

BurghersCAVALRY

Average Fully ArmouredCharging

LancerDevastating

ChargersMelee Expert, DismountableDrilled Loose

Feudal levyINFANTRY

Poor Unprotected Short Spear

Devastating Chargers

Melee Expert, Dismountable

Formed Loose

Mercenary crossbowmenINFANTRY

Average Protected - - Combat ShyDrilled Loose

Downgrade men-at-Arms with less armour

CAVALRYSuperior Protected

Charging Lancer

Feudal contingent(s)

Feudal men-at-armsCAVALRY

Superior Fully ArmouredCharging

LancerDevastating

ChargersMelee Expert, DismountableFormed Loose

Early Medieval Low CountriesArmy Commander Any (see notes) 1297 A.D. to 1409 A.D.Sub-Generals Any (see notes) Standard, CoastalInternal Allied Generals Any (see notes) Unfortified; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Melee

Weaponry

Characteristics

UG SizeTraining and

Version 1.1: 14th September 2017 © SHALL Enterprises Ltd

Early Medieval Low Countries- 0 6- 6

Experienced 0 6,9Bow 9

Experienced 2 2,3Light Art 6

Changes from last versionClarified notes. Corrected number of allied generals.

A general may either be Feudal (in which case he must be Instinctive) or Communal (in which case he must be Professional and may not be Legendary). A Feudal C-in-C may have up to 1 Feudal sub-general, 1 Feudal ally general and 2 Communal ally generals. A Communal C-in-C may have up to 2 Communal sub-generals and 1 Feudal ally general. An allied general must command their own contingent. A C-in-C and sub-generals may combine their contingents. The minima and maxima apply to each contingent.*Men-at-arms with less armour may form up to 1/2 a TuG of 4 or 6 men-at-arms.**Guildsmen with plancon may be deployed separately or 2 elements of be attached to TuGs of Guildsmen to create a TuG of 8.***English longbowmen must be attached to a TuG of either Guildsmen or Archers to create a TuG of 8. Only one contingent may include English longbowmen.All infantry TuGs may be equipped with the Obstacles characteristic, representing ditches or similar obstacles.

Historical NotesThis list covers the urbanised provinces of the Low Countries - Flanders, Brabant, Hainault, Holland and the Bishopric of Liege. Flanders was incorporated into Burgundy in 1405. It also covers the communal armies of the Low Countries cities.

Troop NotesThe main armanent of the Low Countries states was a pike. At this time the Guildsmen were not so well organised so it is treated as a long spear. Armies preferred defensive positions.

AlliesFrench allies - Feudal French or 100 Years' War French (only if Feudal - Flanders)German allies - Medieval German Lords up to 2 contingents (only Feudal - not Flanders)Medieval German Free Canton allies (only Feudal - Hollander)

Notes

Combat Shy -Skirmisher

Guns (from 1330 AD)ARTILLERY

Average Unprotected - Combat Shy BarricadesSkirmisher

SkirmishersINFANTRY

Average Unprotected -

White Hoods (from 1330 to 1381 AD)

INFANTRYPoor Unprotected - - Combat Shy

Tribal Loose


1 Dates1-3 Terrain

CampMin


- 0 4,6- 8- 0 4,6- 8- 4 4,6,8- 16- 0 4,6,8- Any

- 0 7- 2

Skilled 0

Powerbow 12

- 3 7- 6

Experienced 18

Powerbow 48

Melee Expert, Dismountable,

Barricades

Mixed TUG comprising 1 men-at-arms and 6 longbowmen

-----

-Melee Expert, Dismountable

Mixed TUG comprising 1 men-at-arms and 6 longbowmen (from 1350 AD)

Men-at-ArmsINFANTRY

Average Fully Armoured 2-H Cut-Crush -Melee Expert, Dismountable

English knightsCAVALRY


LancerDevastating

ChargersDismountable

Hobilars (only before 1350 AD)

Average Protected Short Spear -Melee Expert, Dismountable

Men-at-arms

-Melee Expert, Dismountable,

BarricadesFormed LooseLongbowmen


Men-at-ArmsINFANTRY

Average Fully Armoured 2-H Cut-Crush -Melee Expert, DismountableDrilled Close

Veteran longbowmen Average Protected - -Drilled Loose

Drilled Close

INFANTRY


Average Protected 2-H Cut-CrushDrilled Close

INFANTRYDrilled CloseINFANTRY

Average Fully Armoured 2-H Cut-Crush -Melee Expert, Dismountable

Formed Loose

Formed LooseCAVALRY

Early 100 Years War EnglishArmy Commander Any Professional 1337 A.D. to 1414 A.D.Sub-Generals Any Standard, CoastalInternal Allied Generals Unfortified; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Melee

Weaponry

Characteristics

UG SizeTraining and


Early 100 Years War EnglishExperienced 0 6,8

Powerbow Any

Experienced 0 6,8

Powerbow Any

- 0 6,8,9- 12- 0 6,9- 12

Experienced 0 6Javelin 6


Experienced 0 2Light Art 4

- 0 4- 4- 6 4,6- 12- 0 6,8- 8



Flemish allies - Early Medieval Low Countries - Communal (only in 1340 AD)

- Combat ShySkirmisher

AlliesGerman allies - Medieval German Lords (only in 1339 or 1340 AD)

BidetsINFANTRY


Melee Expert -Tribal Loose

CrossbowmenINFANTRY

Average Protected - - -Formed Loose

BrigansINFANTRY

Average Protected -

Protected 2-H Cut-Crush - Melee ExpertDrilled Close

Unprotected - Combat Shy BarricadesSkirmisher

-

Irish kerns Average Unprotected - - Combat ShySkirmisher

Melee Expert, Dismountable,

Barricades

Welsh spearmen Average Unprotected Short Spear - Melee Expert

Replace mixed TuGs with longbowmen

Average Protected - -Melee Expert, Dismountable,

Barricades

Gascon contingent

Gascon knightsCAVALRY


LancerDevastating

Chargers-

Tribal Loose

Gascon men-at-armsINFANTRY

Average

BretonsINFANTRY

Average Unprotected - - -Skirmisher

GunsARTILLERY

Average

INFANTRYFormed Close

INFANTRY

German spearmen (only before 1350 AD)

Average Protected Long Spear -

Tribal Loose

INFANTRY

Formed Loose

INFANTRY

Downgrade longbowmen without armour

Average Unprotected - -

Formed Loose

INFANTRY


Early 100 Years War English

Troop NotesThe main power of the army was the longbowmen throughout this period, where most levied troops were competent and strong with the weapon. In the later battles there were numerous long standing veterans in the army. Longbowmen armed themselves with a range of melee weapons including two-handed swords, justifying an option for melee expert; and many have quality quilted protection. During this period the armies were used defensively with the bowmen often deployed behind ditches (Crecy) or hedges (Poitiers) - so we allow the Barricades option to relfect this more static way of fighting. English knights were not as highly regarded as their European equivalents. Foot men-at-arms were mainly armed for general melee rather than keeping mounted at bay so we classify them as 2HC&C for the right overall effect in general melee. Hobilars were general cavalry armed with a short spear of varying standards but appeared in large numbers at the beginning of the campaigns.

Changes from last versionClarified mixed-TuGs. Men-at-Arms dismountable.

NotesMinima in a Gascon contingent only apply if the Gascon contingent is taken.A TuG of 6 longbomen may add a single base of men-at-arms to create a TuG of 7. The men-at-arms base is placed in the centre of the front rank to stiffen the archers. Note: If Barricades are taken, at least half of the Longbowmen must be so equipped. The men-at-arms are an exception to the normal 50% rule.Men-at-Arms and Longbowmen may pass through each other in the Movement Phase without causing KaBs on either.Knights can always be dismounted as Formed Close,Average, Fully Armoured, 2-H Cut & Crush, Melee Expert (even where they do not have that characteristic while mounted). Hobillars can always be dismounted as Protected, Short Spear of the same grade (but lose Melee Expert if dismounted). The Barricades characteristic may be replaced with the Obstacles characteristic.

Historical NotesThis list covers the overseas English armies of the Hundred Years war including the eras of the battle of Moflaix, Crecy and Poitiers.


1 Dates1-3 Terrain

CampMin


- 8 4,6- 32

- 4 4,6

- 24

- 0 6,8- 48- 0 4,6- 8


Experienced 0 6,8Crossbow Any

Experienced 0 6Powerbow 6Experienced 0 6,8Crossbow 12

- 0 6,8- 16- 0 6,8- 8


- Combat Shy -Skirmisher

Genoese or mercenary crossbowmen

INFANTRYAverage Protected - -

Shield Cover, Combat Shy

Ribaulds Poor Unprotected - - Combat ShyTribal Loose

Replace Ribaulds with Brigans

INFANTRYAverage Protected - Melee Expert -

Tribal Loose

Skirmishing crossbowmenINFANTRY

Average Unprotected


Drilled LooseINFANTRY

French longbowmenINFANTRY

Average Protected -


Downgrade crossbowmen without armour

INFANTRYAverage Unprotected - - Combat Shy

Formed Loose

French crossbowmenINFANTRY

Average Protected -

Dismountable Melee ExpertFormed Close

Valet de GuerreCAVALRY

Average ProtectedCharging

Lancer- Melee Expert

Formed Loose

Dismounted French Knights (after 1346 AD)

INFANTRYAverage Fully Armoured 2-H Cut-Crush


Melee ExpertFormed Loose

Mounted French knights (after 1346 AD)

CAVALRYSuperior Fully Armoured

Charging Lancer

Devastating Chargers,

DismountableMelee Expert

Formed Loose

French knights (until 1346 AD)

CAVALRYSuperior Fully Armoured

Charging Lancer

100 Years War FrenchArmy Commander Any Instinctive (until 1435) Professional (from 1435) 1337 A.D. to 1444 A.D.Sub-Generals Any Instinctive (until 1435) Professional (from 1435) Standard, Coastal

UG SizeTraining and

Internal Allied Generals Unfortified or Flexible; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Melee

Weaponry

Characteristics


100 Years War French


Experienced 0 2Heavy Art Any


- 0 6,8- 8

- 0 4,6- 8- 0 6,8- 8

The main power of the army was a powerful knight charge with infantry playing a supporting role. Genoese crossbowmen carried large light shields strapped to their backs. When reloading to shoot they turned their backs on the enemy. This is treated as shield cover but provides for the special rule of being able to shoot. Ribauds represent a range of peasantry and followers mainly useful for capturing or killing enemy wounded. Brigans were types more capable of hand-to-hand combat.After the Treaty of Arras in 1435 the French were more united in wishing to expel the English, hence the change to Professional generals.

NotesFrench knights dismount as Formed Close, Average, Fully Armoured, 2-H Cut & Crush, Melee Expert (even where they do not have that characteristic while mounted).SPECIAL RULE: Genoese crossbowmen may shoot whilst claiming shield cover. This rule must be notified to your opponent before the start of the game.

Historical NotesThis list covers the French armies of the 100 Years War covering the eras of the battle of Moflaix, Crecy, Poitiers and Agincourt.

Troop Notes

- -Formed Close

AlliesMedieval Scots (from 1418 to 1429 AD)

VoulgiersINFANTRY


From 1400 AD

Additional Valet de GuerreCAVALRY



Formed Loose


Pavissiers (after 1346 AD)INFANTRY

Average Protected Short Spear Shield Cover -Formed Close

BidetsINFANTRY


Guns Average Unprotected - Combat Shy Barricades

Upgrade guns to cannons Average Unprotected -Barricades,

Combat Shy-

ARTILLERY

Before 1400 AD

Skirmisher

SkirmisherARTILLERY

From 1350 AD


1 Dates1-3 Terrain

CampMin


- 0 4,6

- 12

- 0 4,6

- 4

- 12 4,6,8- 32- 0 4,6,8- Any- 0 4,6,8- 12

Experienced 8 6,8Powerbow 18Experienced 8 6,8Crossbow 18

- 0 6,8,9- 12- 0 6,8,9- 12



Combat Shy BarricadesSkirmisher

GunsARTILLERY


- Combat ShyTribal Loose

Gascons Bidets or BretonsINFANTRY

Average Unprotected - - Combat ShySkirmisher

RibaudsINFANTRY

Poor Unprotected -


BrigansINFANTRY

Average Protected - Melee Expert -Tribal Loose

CrossbowmenINFANTRY

Average Protected -

- -Drilled Close

English Longbowmen*INFANTRY

Average Protected - StakesMelee Expert, DismountableFormed Loose

Veteran Men-at-ArmsINFANTRY

Superior Fully Armoured 2-H Cut-Crush

- Melee ExpertDrilled Close


INFANTRYAverage Protected 2-H Cut-Crush - Melee Expert

Drilled Close

Men-at-ArmsINFANTRY

Average Fully Armoured 2-H Cut-Crush



Drilled Loose

Upgrade to Veteran KnightsCAVALRY


Lancer



Formed Loose

French, Gascon or Spanish Knights

CAVALRYAverage Fully Armoured

Charging Lancer

UG SizeTraining and


Name

Type

Quality Protection

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Melee

Weaponry

Characteristics

Free CompanyArmy Commander Any Professional 1357 A.D. to 1444 A.D.Sub-Generals Any Professional Standard


Free Company

Men-at-Arms and Longbowmen may pass through each other in the Movement Phase without causing KaBs on either.Knights dismount as Formed Close, Average, Fully Armoured, 2-H Cut & Crush, Melee Expert (even where they do not have that characteristic while mounted). *Stakes can only be taken after 1415, and if taken all longbow TuGs must have at least half of the bases so equipped.

This list represents the Grand Free Company of the early 1360s which is the only time they field a full battle sized army. It also can form the 40,000 strong "Armagnac" mercenary army of 1444 hired by Charles VII to the Hapsburg Emperor for an invasion of Switzerland. The list can be used form any Free Company force from 1357AD to 1444AD which gathered in various sizes in the employ of medieval leaders in France, Spain and Italy. They tended to form during periods of peace and were comprisesd of otherwise unemployed soldiery from various nations who clustered togetther to find paid mercenary work or just loot the locality.

Notes

Historical Notes



Min


- 4 4,6- 12- 4 4,6- 8

- 0 4

- 4

- 0 6,8- 18




Experienced 0 6,8

Powerbow Up to 2/3

- 0 8- 16- 0 8- 8- 0 6- 6

Experienced 0 6Firearm 6

Mounted crossbowmen Average Protected - -Combat Shy, Dismountable

Dismountable Melee Expert

Drilled Loose

Burgundian knightsCAVALRY


Lancer- Dismountable

Coustilliers and valets * Average ProtectedCharging


Italian knights

- Combat ShyTribal Loose

Skirmishing handgunners (from 1431 AD)

INFANTRYAverage Protected - - Combat Shy

Skirmisher

Village levyINFANTRY

Poor Unprotected -

Shove -Drilled Close

Swiss Pikemen (only from 1465 AD)

INFANTRYSuperior Protected Pike Shove Orb

Drilled Close

Low Countries pikemenINFANTRY

Average Protected Pike


Upgrade crossbowmen to longbowmen (from 1431 AD)

INFANTRYAverage Protected - Stakes

Melee Expert, DismountableFormed Loose

Downgrade crossbowmen without armour

INFANTRYAverage Unprotected -

INFANTRY

Burgundian, Picard or Low Countries crossbowmen


Formed Loose

Dismounted knights Average Fully Armoured 2-H Cut-CrushFormed Close

CAVALRY

Drilled Loose

INFANTRY


Lancer



Formed Loose

Formed LooseCAVALRY

Medieval BurgundianArmy Commander Any Instinctive 1363 A.D. to 1471 A.D.Sub-Generals Any Instinctive StandardInternal Allied Generals Any Instinctive (French) or Professional (English) Unfortified or Fortified; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Melee

Weaponry

Characteristics

UG SizeTraining and


Medieval BurgundianExperienced 2 2,3

Light Art 6

- 4 4,6- 6

Experienced 6 6,8Powerbow 12

- 2 4,6

- 4

- 0*see note

- 3

Troop NotesGenerals remain Instinctive later than English or French generals. This represents the poorer leadership of Burgundian forces.

English contingent (from 1420 to 1435 AD)

French men-at-arms Superior Fully ArmouredCharging

Lancer



Formed Loose

CAVALRY

English men-at-arms Average Fully Armoured 2-H Cut-Crush -Melee Expert, DismountableDrilled Close

Historical NotesThe Duchy of Burgundy was annexed by the French throne in 1004. During the Hundred Years' War, King John II of France gave the duchy to his youngest son, Philip the Bold, rather than leaving it for his successor on the French throne. The duchy soon became a major rival to the throne, because the Dukes of Burgundy succeeded in assembling an empire stretching from Switzerland to the North Sea, in large part by marriage. The Burgundian territories consisted of a number of fiefdoms on both sides of the (then largely symbolic) border between the Kingdom of France and the Holy Roman Empire. Its economic heartland was in the Low Countries, particularly Flanders and Brabant. The court was based in Dijon. From 1407 to 1435 the civil war between the House of Orleans (Armagnac faction) and the House of Burgundy helped the English to seize almost half of France.

NotesFrom 1420 at least half the Burgundian knights must be downgraded to Average.Knights dismount as Formed Close, Average, Fully Armoured, 2-H Cut & Crush, Melee Expert (even where they do not have that characteristic while mounted).* Coustilliers and valets may be deployed as a separate TUG (not French) or form up to 1/2 of a TuG with knights.If stakes are taken, all TuGs must have at least half of the bases so equipped.English Men-at-Arms and Longbowmen may pass through each other in the Movement Phase without causing KaBs on either.

Coustilliers and valets *CAVALRY



Formed Loose

French contingent

English longbowmenINFANTRY



INFANTRY




Medieval BurgundianChanges from last versionClarified notes. English general Professional.


1 Dates1-3 Terrain

CampMin



- 16 8- 64- 18 4,6,8- 48- 0 4,6,8- 8

Experienced **see note

Firearm


Firearm Experienced 0 4,6Crossbow All


Experienced 0 6Firearm 8


Handgunners supporting swiss pike

Average Protected Pike Shove Orb, Barricades

- Orb, Barricades

Drilled Close


Average Protected - - Combat Shy

Pikemen Average Protected Pike Shove Orb, Barricades

Halberdiers *


GunsARTILLERY


HandgunnersINFANTRY

Average Protected -

-Combat Shy, DismountableSkirmisher

CrossbowmenINFANTRY


Regrade mounted crossbowmen as skirmishers

CAVALRYAverage Protected -

INFANTRY

Handgunners supporting swiss halberdiers

INFANTRYAverage Protected Polearm - Orb, Barricades

Drilled Flexible

Verteran halberdiers Superior Protected PolearmDrilled Flexible

INFANTRYDrilled Flexible

INFANTRY

Average Protected Polearm Melee Expert Orb, Barricades

Drilled Close


Middle SwissArmy Commander Any Professional except Legendary 1405 A.D. to 1473 A.D.Sub-Generals Any Professional MountainsInternal Allied Generals Unfortified; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Melee

Weaponry

Characteristics

UG SizeTraining and


Middle Swiss

Changes from last version

Notes* In addition to halberdiers deployed separately, TuGs of 6 may be formed comprising one files of 4 pikemen and 2 halberdiers which can be placed 2 one one side or 1 each either side of the pikemen. The halberdiers can be set back from the front of the TuG in ranks 2,3, or 4. These begin to take the form of early kiels. So with two cards one pair of TuGs move as BLOCK representing a small kiel; and with a Talented general you could do a double small kiel of 4 TuGs together.SPECIAL RULE: Pikemen may not be charged in the flank on a side with a halberdier in position. Even if a side edge of a pikemen is contacted as long as there is a halberdier in the neighbouring file then that enemy fights the Halberdiers frontally instead. This special rule must be notified to the opponent at the start of the game.** Handgunners can be a separate SuG or up to 2 can be folded into each pike or halberd TuGs by adding "Experienced/Firearm" to those troops. There are two ways to represent this: 1) ideally replace 1 pike or halberd with a handgunner, or 2) to avoid rebasing place a handgunner skirmish base in front of the file containing them. Crossbows and handgunners can be mixed in infantry SuGs if so desired.

Historical Notes

After 1400 the Swiss used increasing numbers of pikemen in response to the Austrian tactic of dismounting their men-at-arms. However in 1422 an army still contained less than 1/3 pikemen. The halberdiers both protected the flanks of the pikemen and to join in the melee if the pike column lost momentum.Command was still run by committee, hence no option for a legendary general.

Swiss pikemen regraded to Average. Clarified notes.

The Swiss were able to take advantage of the weakness of the Hapsburgs with the Tyrolean line controlling Further Austria from their court at Innsbruck. This allowed the confederacy to grow. Zürich was expelled from the Confederation from 1440 to 1450 due to a conflict over the territory of Toggenburg (the Old Zürich War). The Swiss also extended their influence at the expense of the Duchy of Milan.

Troop Notes



Min


- 4 4,6- 12

- 0*see note


- 0 8,9- 9

- 4 4,6- 6


- 16 8- 72- 0 4,6- 8

Experienced 0 4,6

Powerbow 6





- -Drilled Close

LongbowmenINFANTRY

Average Protected - -Melee Expert, Dismountable,

BarricadesFormed Loose

Guildsmen with halberdsINFANTRY



GuildsmenINFANTRY

Average Protected Pike Shove -Drilled Close

Guild crossbowmenINFANTRY

Average Protected -

- -Tribal Close

Communal contingent

BurghersCAVALRY


LancerDevastating

ChargersMelee Expert, DismountableDrilled Loose

Feudal levyINFANTRY

Poor Unprotected Short Spear


Melee Expert, Dismountable

Formed Loose

Mercenary crossbowmenINFANTRY

Average Protected - - Combat ShyDrilled Loose


CAVALRYSuperior Protected

Charging Lancer

Feudal contingent

Feudal men-at-armsCAVALRY


LancerDevastating

ChargersMelee Expert, DismountableFormed Loose

Later Medieval Low CountriesArmy Commander Any (see notes) 1410 A.D. to 1478 A.D.Sub-Generals Any (see notes) Standard, CoastalInternal Allied Generals Any (see notes) Unfortified; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Melee

Weaponry

Characteristics

UG SizeTraining and


Later Medieval Low Countries


Notes

This list covers the urbanised provinces of the Low Countries - Brabant, Hainault, Holland and the Bishopric of Liege until incorporated into Burgundy in 1430, 1436, 1436 and 1468 respectively. The list also covers the communal armies of the Low Countries cities until the united Low Countries fielded a communal army to support Maximilian I of Hapsburg in his struggle against France for his Burgundian inheritance.

Clarified notes. Corrected number of allied generals.

A general may either be Feudal (in which case he must be Instinctive) or Communal (in which case he must be Professional and may not be Legendary). A Feudal C-in-C may have up to 1 Feudal sub-general, 1 Feudal ally general and 2 Communal ally generals. A Communal C-in-C may have up to 2 Communal sub-generals and 1 Feudal ally general. A Feudal C-in-C cannot be taken after 1468. An allied general must command their own contingent. A C-in-C and sub-generals may combine their contingents. *Men-at-arms with less armour may form up to 1/2 of a TuG of 4 or 6 men-at-arms.All infantry TuGs may be equipped with the Obstacles characteristics, representing ditches.

Historical Notes


1 Dates1-3 Terrain

CampMin


- 0 4,6- 6

- 0 7- 2

Skilled 0 Powerbow 12

- 3 7- 6

Experienced 18 Powerbow 36

Experienced 0 6,8Powerbow AnyExperienced 0 Powerbow Half

- 0 4,6- 6- 0 4,6,8- 16



-Melee Expert, Dismountable



Men-at-Arms Average Fully Armoured 2-H Cut-Crush -Melee Expert, Dismountable

-----

Replace mixed TuGs with longbowmen

Average Protected

-

Irish kerns Average Unprotected - - Combat Shy

Billmen (only from 1423 AD) Average Protected Polearm - -

- StakesMelee Expert, Dismountable

Downgrade Longbowmen without armour


Drilled Close

English KnightsCAVALRY


LancerDevastating

ChargersDismountable

Skirmisher

INFANTRYFormed Loose

INFANTRY

Crossbowmen Average Protected - -

Formed Close


StakesMelee Expert, Dismountable

Men-at-arms Average Fully Armoured

Formed Loose

2-H Cut-Crush


INFANTRY

INFANTRY

LongbowmenINFANTRY


-Melee Expert, DismountableDrilled Close

Retinue LongbowmenINFANTRY

Average Protected - StakesMelee Expert, DismountableDrilled Loose

Men-at-ArmsINFANTRY

Average Fully Armoured 2-H Cut-Crush

Formed Loose

Later 100 Years War EnglishArmy Commander Any Professional 1415 A.D. to 1453 A.D.Sub-Generals Any Professional Standard, CoastalInternal Allied Generals Unfortified; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Melee

Weaponry

Characteristics

UG SizeTraining and


Later 100 Years War English- 0 6,8,9- 9



Experienced 0 2Heavy Art Any

The stake was an innovation to help protect the longbowmen. It's effectiveness was proven at Agincourt. During this period, the proportion of men-at-arms decreased and were replaced with billmen, generally less well armoured but equipped with the bill.

Changes from last versionMen-at-Arms dismountable.

Unprotected -Barricades,

Combat Shy-

Skirmisher

Melee Expert

Breton javelinmen Average Unprotected - - -Skirmisher

This list covers the English armies of the later 100 years war.

Troop Notes

AlliesBurgundian allies - Medieval Burgundian (from 1422 to 1431 AD)

NotesAt least half of the Longbowmen must be equipped with stakes. The men-at-arms are an exception to the normal 50% rule.Knights dismount as Formed Close,Average, Fully Armoured, 2-H Cut & Crush, Melee Expert (even where they do not have that characteristic while mounted).Men-at-Arms or Billmen and Longbowmen may pass through each other in the Movement Phase without causing KaBs on either.

Historical Notes

GunsARTILLERY


Upgrade guns to cannonsARTILLERY

Average

INFANTRYTribal LooseINFANTRY

Welsh spearmen Average Unprotected Short Spear -


1 Dates1-3 Terrain

CampMin


- 4 4,6

- 12

- =

- =

- 0

- Any

- 0 6,8- Any

- 0 4

- 4

Experienced 8 6,8Powerbow 36Experienced 0 6,8Powerbow 24

- 0 6,8- 16- 0 6,8- Any

Mixed TuG comprising 1/2 gendarmes and 1/2 coustilliers

Ordonnance men-at-arms Superior Fully ArmouredCharging

Lancer



Drilled Loose

Early French OrdonnanceArmy Commander Any Professional 1445 A.D. to 1466 A.D.Sub-Generals Any Professional Standard, CoastalInternal Allied Generals Unfortified or Flexible; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Melee

Weaponry

Characteristics

CAVALRY

UG SizeTraining and



Drilled Loose

Downgrade coustilliers and valet-de-guerre with less armour




Drilled Loose

Ordonnance coustilliersCAVALRY

Average Fully Armoured -

-----

Dismount men-at-arms and coustilliers

INFANTRYAverage Fully Armoured 2-H Cut-Crush - Melee Expert

Drilled Close

INFANTRY



Formed Loose

Drilled Loose

Feudal knightsCAVALRY


Lancer

Ordonnance archersINFANTRY

Average Protected - Stakes Dismountable

Francs-archers (only from 1448 AD)

Poor Unprotected - Combat Shy Stakes

INFANTRY

Tribal LooseINFANTRY

Formed CloseSpearmen Average Protected Short Spear - -

Replace spearmen with halberdiers

Average Protected Polearm - -Formed Close


Early French OrdonnanceExperienced 6 6,8Crossbow 16


Experienced 0 4,6,8Firearm 8


Experienced 0 6,9Firearm 9



Experienced 0 2Heavy Art 6


Combat Shy-

Skirmisher

Combat Shy

Upgrade crossbowmen with better armour


Handgunners Average Protected - - Combat Shy

Crossbowmen Average

INFANTRY


Unprotected - -

There must be at least as many ordonnance archers as ordonnance men-at-arms and coustilliers in the army.Men-at-arms and coustilliers dismount as Drilled Close, Average, Fully Armoured, 2-H Cut & Crush, Melee Expert (even where they do not have that characteristic while mounted).Feudal knights dismount as Formed Close, Average, Fully Armoured, 2-H Cut & Crush, Melee Expert (even where they do not have that characteristic while mounted). All TuGs with stakes must have at least half of the bases so equipped.

Historical NotesThis list covers the French armies of the early part of the Ordonnance reforms instigated in 1445. In 1446 he had twenty companies. By 1445 the English, having been abandoned by the Burgundians, were fighting a rearguard action in France. By 1450 the French under their capable king Charles VII had reconquered Normandy. By 1453 Bordeaux had been captured and Guyenne was incorporated into France. The 100 Years' War was over.

SkirmisherARTILLERY

Bidets Average Unprotected - - Combat Shy

Guns Average Unprotected - Combat Shy BarricadesSkirmisher

Notes

INFANTRY

SkirmisherINFANTRYSkirmisher

INFANTRY

Formed LooseINFANTRY

Formed Loose

Skirmishing crossbowmen Average Unprotected - Combat Shy -

Skirmishing handgunners Average Protected - - Combat Shy


Average


Early French Ordonnance

The Ordonnance of 1445 raised 15 companies of 100 lances. A lance comprised 1 men-at-arms, 1 coustillier and either 3 archers or 2 archers and a valet-de-guerre. They were paid both in war and peace and a real attempt made to enforce discipline and avoid living off the land. Coustilliers were more lightly equipped as were valet-de-guerre. The archers rode to battle but fought on foot. Crossbowmen and handgunners were used to protect the flanks of the army or skirmish in front of the army.8,000 francs-archers were first raised by an edict in 1448. Every parish had to contribute either a longbowmen or a crossbowmen. They were paid only in wartime, but exempt from taxes during peace. Advances in gunpowder followed the invention of the powdermill in 1429. The French developed the largest artillery train in Europe.

Changes from last versionClarified mixed-TuGs. Halberdiers corrected to Polearm.

Troop Notes


1 Dates1-3 Terrain

CampMin


- 4 4,6

- 12

- =

- =

- 0

- Any

- 0 6,8- Any

- 0 4

- 4


- 0 4,6- 8


- -Drilled Loose

Francs-archersINFANTRY

Poor Unprotected - Combat Shy StakesTribal Loose

Mount ordonnance archersCAVALRY


Lancer



Drilled Loose

Ordonnance archersINFANTRY

Average Protected - Stakes DismountableDrilled Loose

Italian knightsCAVALRY


Lancer

-----

Dismount men-at-arms and coustilliers

INFANTRYAverage Fully Armoured 2-H Cut-Crush - Melee Expert

Drilled Close



Drilled Loose

Downgrade coustilliers and valet-de-guerre with less armour




Drilled Loose


Average Fully Armoured -


Ordonnance men-at-armsCAVALRY


Lancer



Drilled Loose

Later French OrdonnanceArmy Commander Any Professional 1467 A.D. to 1493 A.D.Sub-Generals Any Professional Standard, CoastalInternal Allied Generals Unfortified or Flexible; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Melee

Weaponry

Characteristics

UG SizeTraining and


Later French Ordonnance- 0 6- 8

- 0*see note

- 4

Experienced 0**see note

Firearm 4


Firearm - 0 6- 8

- 0*see note

- 4

Experienced 0**see note

Firearm 4


Firearm Experienced 6 6,8Crossbow 16






Skirmishing handgunnersINFANTRY

Average Protected -


Skirmishing crossbowmenINFANTRY


HandgunnersINFANTRY

Average Protected -


Upgrade crossbowmen with better armour


Formed Loose

CrossbowmenINFANTRY


Shove Orb, BarricadesDrilled Close

Handgunners supporting Swiss halberdiers

INFANTRYSuperior Protected Polearm - Orb, Barricades

Drilled Flexible

Handgunners supporting Swiss pike

INFANTRYSuperior Protected Pike

Shove Orb, BarricadesDrilled Close

Halberdiers supporting Swiss pikemen

INFANTRYSuperior Protected Polearm - Orb, Barricades

Drilled Flexible

Swiss Pikemen (only from 1480 AD)

INFANTRYSuperior Protected Pike

Shove -Formed Close

Handgunners supporting French halberdiers

INFANTRYAverage Protected Polearm Melee Expert -

Formed Close

Handgunners supporting French pike

INFANTRYAverage Protected Pike

Shove -Formed Close

Halberdiers supporting French pikemen

INFANTRYAverage Protected Polearm - -

Formed Close

French PikemenINFANTRY



Later French OrdonnanceExperienced 0 6,9

Javelin 9Experienced 0 2,3

Light Art 9Experienced 0 2Heavy Art 6

From 1480 the French king started employing Swiss mercenaries.

Changes from last versionClarified notes.

NotesThere must be at least as many ordonnance archers as ordonnance men-at-arms and coustilliers in the army.Men-at-arms and coustilliers and Italian knights dismount as Drilled Close, Average, Fully Armoured, 2-H Cut & Crush, Melee Expert (even where they do not have that characteristic while mounted).* TuGs of 6 may be formed comprising one files of 4 pikemen and 2 halberdiers which can be placed 2 one one side or 1 each either side of the pikemen. The halberdiers can be set back from the front of the TuG in ranks 2,3, or 4. These begin to take the form of early kiels. So with two cards one pair of TuGs move as BLOCK representing a small kiel; and with a Talented general you could do a double small kiel of 4 TuGs together.SPECIAL RULE: Pikemen may not be charged in the flank on a side with a halberdier in position. Even if a side edge of a pikemen is contacted as long as there is a halberdier in the neighbouring file then that enemy fights the Halberdiers frontally instead. This special rule must be notified to the opponent at the start of the game.** Handgunners can be a separate SuG or up to 2 can be folded into pike or halberd TuGs by adding "Experienced/Firearm" to those troops. There are two ways to represent this: 1) ideally replace 1 pike or halberd with a handgunner, or 2) to avoid rebasing place a handgunner skirmish base in front of the file containing them. Crossbows and handgunners can be mixed in infantry SuGs if so desired.All TuGs with stakes must have at least half of the bases so equipped.

Historical NotesCharles VII died in 1461 and was succeeded by Louis XI. Louis was able to isolate Burgundy from Edward IV of England and signed the Treaty of Picquigny in 1475 which officially ended the Hundred Years' War. After the death of Charles the Bold he seized numerous Burgundian territories including Burgundy proper. In 1483 he died and was succceeded by Charles VIII who was only 13 at the time. To secure his rights to the Neapolitan throne that René of Anjou had left to his father, Charles made a series of concessions to neighbouring monarchs and conquered the Italian peninsula without much opposition.

Troop Notes



Average Unprotected -Barricades,

Combat Shy-

Skirmisher

GunsARTILLERY


BidetsINFANTRY

Average Unprotected - - Combat ShySkirmisher


1 Dates1-3 Terrain

CampMin


- 0 4

- 2

- =

- =

- 2 4,6

- 10

- =

- =

- 0 4,6- 3- = - =

Experienced 8 4,6Powerbow 24Experienced 0 4,6Crossbow 6

-

Ordonnance mounted longbowmen

Average Protected -Dismountable,

Stakes-

-----

INFANTRYDrilled Loose

Ordonnance mounted crossbowmen

Average Protected - Dismountable

Drilled Loose

- Melee ExpertFormed Loose

INFANTRY

Coustilliers and valetsCAVALRY


Lancer



Drilled Loose


Feudal knightsCAVALRY


Lancer- Dismountable

Formed Loose


Average Protected -



Drilled Loose


Ordonnance gendarmesCAVALRY


Lancer



Drilled Loose

Household coustilliersCAVALRY

Superior Protected -


Household gendarmesCAVALRY


Lancer



Drilled Loose

Burgundian OrdonnanceArmy Commander Any Professional 1471 A.D. to 1477 A.D.Sub-Generals Any Professional Standard

UG SizeTraining and

Internal Allied Generals Unfortified or Fortified; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Melee

Weaponry

Characteristics


Burgundian OrdonnanceExperienced 4 4,6Powerbow 6Experienced 6 4,6Crossbow 8

- 8 8- 24


- 0 8- Any

Experienced 0 Powerbow =

- 0 4

- 4


- 0 8- 16



Experienced 2 2,3Heavy Art 4

Combat Shy Barricades

Mounted skirmishing crossbowmen

Average Protected - -

Combat Shy

Low Countries pikemen Poor Protected Pike Shove -

Italian men-at-arms Average Fully ArmouredCharging

Lancer



Crossbowmen

ARTILLERYSkirmisher

Guns Average Unprotected - Combat ShySkirmisher

Heavier guns on field mounts


ARTILLERY

Combat Shy, Dismountable

Barricades

- -Drilled Loose

Ordonnance longbowmen Average Protected - Stakes -

Drilled CloseCAVALRYSkirmisher


INFANTRY


Drilled Loose

- -Drilled Loose

CAVALRY

-----

Longbowmen behind pikemen


- -Drilled Loose

Replace pikemen and longbowmen with mixed TUG comprising 4 pikemen and 4 longbowmen

Ordonnance pikemen in 2 ranks

INFANTRYAverage Protected Pike - -

Drilled Close

Ordonnance handgunnersINFANTRY

Average Protected -

INFANTRY

Ordonnance pikemenINFANTRY

Average Protected Pike Shove -Drilled Close

Ordonnance crossbowmen Average Protected -



Burgundian Ordonnance

Changes from last versionClarified notes and mixed formations. Added household and feudal knights and skirmishing mounted crossbowmen.

The minima and maxima in combined TuGs of Knights and Coustilliers reflect the knights only.For every TuGs of Ordonnance knights and coustilliers there must be between 1 and 2 TuGs of mounted ordonnance longbowmen or combined longbowmen and pikemen.Gendarmes, knights, coustilliers and Italian men-at-arms dismount as Drilled Close, Average, Fully Armoured, 2-H Cut & Crush, Melee Expert (even where they do not have that characteristic while mounted).All TuGs with stakes must have at least half of the bases so equipped.

Historical NotesThis list covers Burgundian armies after the reforms of Charles the Bold until his death at Nancy in 1477.

Troop NotesThe deterioration in the quality of Feudal troops and the unreliability of contingents from the Low Countries led Charles to institute a new regular army using the best troops and ideas from all over Europe. The Ordonnance specified that each gendarme was supported by a coustillier, a valet (unarmed) and three mounted longbowmen. The mounted archers were ordered on occasion to combine with pikes in a mixed formation. Each lance also included a pikemen, a crossbowmen and a handgunner. Campaign records suggest that there was difficulty in obtaining enough missile men and this was made up with extra pikemen.

Notes


1 Dates1-3 Terrain

CampMin



Experienced 0 4,6

Firearm Any

- 0 4

- 4

- 36 8- 64- 8 4,6,8- 32


Firearm


Firearm Experienced 0 4,6Crossbow All



- Combat Shy

Milanese knights (only from 1513 to 1515 AD)


Lancer



Drilled Loose

Combat Shy

Combat Shy, Dismountable

Crossbowmen Average Unprotected - Combat Shy -

Handgunners supporting swiss pike

INFANTRYSuperior Protected Pike Shove Orb, Barricades

Handgunners supporting swiss halberdiers

Superior Protected Polearm - Orb, Barricades

INFANTRYSkirmisher

Handgunners Average Protected - -

Skirmisher

CAVALRYSkirmisherINFANTRY

Regrade mounted crossbowmen as skirmishers


Drilled Flexible

- Orb, BarricadesDrilled Flexible

Drilled Close

INFANTRY

Halberdiers *INFANTRY

Superior Protected Polearm

CAVALRY

PikemenINFANTRY

Superior Protected Pike Shove Orb, BarricadesDrilled Close

Regrade mounted crossbowmen as handgunners

Average Protected -Drilled Loose

Drilled Loose

CAVALRY



Late SwissArmy Commander Any Professional except Legendary 1474 A.D. to 1522 A.D.Sub-Generals Any Professional Mountains

UG SizeTraining and


Name

Type

Quality Protection

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Melee

Weaponry

Characteristics


Late SwissExperienced 1/2 6,9

Firearm All


Experienced 0 2,3

Light Art 6

- 8 4,6- 16- 0 4- 4

- 0 4

- 4

- 8 8- 16- 0 8- 8- 8 6,8- 16


Experienced 0 2Heavy Art 2

Knights Average Fully ArmouredCharging

Lancer- -


Combat Shy-

Skirmisher


Lorraine Alliance contingent (only from 1474 to 1477 AD)

Tribal Loose

Regrade crossbowmen as handgunners (from 1490 AD)


Militia handgunnersINFANTRY

Poor Unprotected - - Combat ShySkirmisher

Alliance artilleryARTILLERY

Average

Shove -Formed Close

Militia halberdiersINFANTRY

Poor Protected Polearm - -Formed Close

Mercenary pikemenINFANTRY




Drilled Loose

Militia pikemenINFANTRY

Poor Protected Pike Shove -Formed Close

Italian and French knights (only in 1477 AD)

CAVALRYAverage Fully Armoured

Charging Lancer

CAVALRY

Regrade KnightsCAVALRY


LancerDevastating

ChargersMelee Expert

Formed Loose

ARTILLERY

Captured Burgundian artillery (only in 1476 to 1477 AD)

ARTILLERYAverage Unprotected - Combat Shy Barricades

Skirmisher

Guns Average Unprotected -

Skirmisher

INFANTRY


Late Swiss

Troop NotesWith their series of victories against the Burgundians, the Swiss developed a fearsome reputation that altered the nature of warfare over the next century. The core of Swiss armies became fast moving large blocks of pikemen.

Changes from last versionClarified notes.

Knights dismount as Drilled Close, Average, Fully Armoured, 2-H Cut & Crush, Melee Expert (even where they do not have that characteristic while mounted).In addition to halberdiers deployed separately, TuGs of 9 may be formed comprising two files of 4 pikemen and 1 file of 1 halberdiers which can be set back from the front of the TuG in ranks 2,3, or 4. These begin to take the form of later kiels. So with two cards one pair of TuGs move as BLOCK representing a kiel; and with a Talented general you could do a double kiel of 4 TuGs together.SPECIAL RULE: Pikemen may not be charged in the flank on a side with a halberdier in position. Even if a side edge of a pikemen is contacted as long as there is a halberdier in the neighbouring file then that enemy fights the halberdiers frontally instead. This special rule must be notified to the opponent at the start of the game.* After 1477 only 8 halberdiers can be deployed separately. ** Handgunners can be separate SuGs or up to 2 can be folded into pike or halberd formation bay adding "Experienced/Firearm" to those troops. There are two ways to represent this: 1) ideally replace 1 pike or halberd with a handgunner, or 2) to avoid rebasing place a handgunner skirmish base in front of the file containing them. Crossbows and handgunners can be mixed in infantry SuGs if so desired.Alliance troops are only mandatory if an alliance contingent is taken. An alliance contingent must be in its own command or commands.

Historical NotesThis list covers Swiss armies from the the League of Constance until the disastrous battle of Bicocca in 1522 finally ended Swiss battlefield supremacy. It also includes the League of the Graubünden (Grisons), who fought in alliance with the Swiss (and in Swiss style) during the Swabian War, of 1499.

Notes


1 Dates1-3 Terrain

CampMin


- 2 4,6

- 6

- =

- =

Experienced 4 4,6Powerbow 8Experienced 0 4,6Powerbow 8

- 16 8- 64

- 0** see note



- 0 8- 8


Orb, Barricades

English longbowmen (only to 1481 AD)

Average Protected - StakesMelee Expert, Dismountable

-

Mercenary handgunners Average Protected - - -

PikemenINFANTRY

Average Protected Pike Shove -

Halberdiers Average Protected Polearm - -

Formed Loose


Swiss mercenaries (only to 1479 AD)

Superior Protected Pike Shove

Drilled Loose

INFANTRYDrilled LooseINFANTRY

Mercenary crossbowmen Average Protected - -

Drilled Flexible

Stakes -Drilled Loose

Drilled Close

INFANTRY

Ordonnance longbowmenINFANTRY

Average Protected -



Drilled Loose

-----

Ordonnance mounted longbowmen


Dismountable, Stakes

-Drilled Loose


Average Protected -


Ordonnance gendarmesCAVALRY


Lancer



Drilled Loose

Later BurgundianArmy Commander Any Professional 1478 A.D. to 1506 A.D.Sub-Generals Any Professional Standard

UG SizeTraining and

Internal Allied Generals Unfortified or Fortified; Poor or Average

Name

Type

Quality Protection

Shooting Skill

Weaponry

Melee

Weaponry

Characteristics


Later BurgundianExperienced 0 6,9

Firearm 9Experienced 0 2,3

Light Art 4Experienced 2 2,3Heavy Art 4


The minima and maxima in combined TuGs of Knights and Coustilliers reflect the knights only.Gendarmes, coustilliers and Italian men-at-arms dismount as Drilled Close, Average, Fully Armoured, 2-H Cut & Crush, Melee Expert (even where they do not have that characteristic while mounted).In addition to Halberdiers deployed separately in TuGs of 6 or 8, TuGs of 6 may be formed comprising one files of 4 Pikes and 2 Halberdiers which can be placed 2 one one side or 1 each either side of the pikes. The Halberdiers can be set back from the front of the TuG in ranks 2,3, or 4. These begin to take the form of early kiels. So with two cards one pair of TuGs move as BLOCK representing a small Kiel; and with a Talented general you could move a double small kiel of 4 TuGs together.SPECIAL RULE: Pikes may not be charged in the flank on a side with a halberdier in position. Even if a side edge of a Pike is contacted as long as there is a halberdier in the neighbouring file then that enemy fights the Halberdiers frontally instead. This special rule must be notified to the opponent at the start of the game.All TuGs with stakes must have at least half of the bases so equipped.

Historical Notes

Clarified notes and mixed formations.

Mary of Burgundy inherited the Duchy on the death of Charles the Bold. Louis XI of France wanted her to marry his son (the six-year old who was later to become Charles VIII) but the terms were unacceptable. Mary had to sign a charter of rights for the Low Countries, weakening the power of the Duchy. Mary chose to marry Archduke Maximilian of Austria at the end of 1477, a choice that would initiate two centuries of contention between France and the Hapsburgs and ultimately end in the War of the Spanish Succession in 1701 to 1714. Mary was succeeded by her son Philip who became Philip I of Castille through marriage.

Troop NotesThe army based on the provisions of the Ordonanace continued but the bulk of the army consisted of mercenary pikemen.



Notes

Heavier guns on field mounts

ARTILLERYAverage Unprotected -

INFANTRY

GunsARTILLERY


Skirmishing handgunners Average Protected -


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