Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in...
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![Page 1: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
● Full parsing
– in comprehension words parsed into morpheme
– in production words built out of morphemes
![Page 2: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
● Full parsing
– in comprehension words parsed into morpheme
– in production words built out of morphemes● Full listing
– in comprehension people access whole words
– in production people give whole words
![Page 3: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
● Race model
– in comprehension words are both parsed into morphemes and searched for as wholes
– fastest route wins
– in production (???)
![Page 4: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
● Race model
– in comprehension words are both parsed into morphemes and searched for as wholes
– fastest route wins
– in production (???)● Dual route model
– in comprehension (??)
– in production regulars are built from morphemes, irregulars are retrieved as wholes from memory
![Page 5: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
● Are derivation and inflection handled differently?
– Inflectional affixes: -s, -ed, -ing, -er, -est
– Derivational affixes: re-, -ment, -ly, -hood, -ate
![Page 6: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
● Are derivation and inflection handled differently?
– Inflectional affixes: -s, -ed, -ing, -er, -est
– Derivational affixes: re-, -ment, -ly, -hood, -ate● Derivation changes essential meaning● Inflectional adds info like tense, number, person
![Page 7: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
● Evidence that inflections are added, not preattached
– Slips of the tongue• Thank Chucks
• He's go arounding telling people . . .
• Doctrines and Covenant– Regularization
» finded, oxes, singed
![Page 8: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
● Evidence that inflections are added, not preattached
– Slips of the tongue• Thank Chucks
• He's go arounding telling people . . .
• Doctrines and Covenant– Regularization
» finded, oxes, singed
– Variation• Mothers in law / mother in laws
![Page 9: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
● Evidence that inflections are added, not preattached
– Slips of the tongue• Thank Chucks
• He's go arounding telling people . . .
• Doctrines and Covenant– Regularization
» finded, oxes, singed
– Variation• Mothers in law / mother in laws
• Books of Mormon / Book of Mormons
![Page 10: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
– Lexical decision task• regular inflections prime,irregular don't
– plays primes play as well as plays does– sings doesn't prime sang as well as sings does
![Page 11: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
– Lexical decision task• regular inflections prime,irregular don't
– plays primes play as well as plays does– sings doesn't prime sang as well as sings does
» Could this be due to orthographic similarity?
![Page 12: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
– PET scan• regular and irregular inflections use different part of
brain
![Page 13: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
– PET scan• regular and irregular inflections use different part of
brain– Problem: all regulars processed together, then all
irregulars» Different strategies in each case
![Page 14: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
– PET scan• regular and irregular inflections use different part of
brain– Problem: all regulars processed together, then all
irregulars» Different strategies in each case» Need to intersperse them» You can't with PET scan, too slow
![Page 15: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
– PET scan• regular and irregular inflections use different part of
brain– Problem: all regulars processed together, then all
irregulars» Different strategies in each case» Need to intersperse them» You can't with PET scan, too slow
– Problem: other studies found no difference
![Page 16: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
● LDT
– Some find different degrees of priming for derivational and inflectional
• baker > bake
• walked > walk
![Page 17: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
● LDT
– Some find different degrees of priming for derivational and inflectional
• baker > bake
• walked > walk
– Others find no difference
![Page 18: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
● Prefix stripping (full parsing)
– we decompose words into morphemes then look up base in mental lexicon
• unprefixed word: skittle
• prefixed word: reissue
• pseudo prefixed word: rejuvenate, deceive
![Page 19: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
● Prefix stripping (full parsing)
– we decompose words into morphemes then look up base in mental lexicon
• unprefixed word: skittle fast RT
• prefixed word: reissue fast RT
• pseudo prefixed word: rejuvenate, deceive slow RT– slow because people have stripped affix and search for
*juvenate and *ceive
![Page 20: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
● Prefix stripping (full parsing)
– we decompose words into morphemes then look up base in mental lexicon
• unprefixed word: skittle fast RT
• prefixed word: reissue fast RT
• pseudo prefixed word: rejuvenate, deceive slow RT– slow because people have stripped affix and search for
*juvenate and *ceive
![Page 21: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
● Full listing
– If words are built online by morphemes (which have meaning) how do you account for de- and con- that has no consistent meaning?
– Slips of tongue keep prefixes• porcupines < concubines
![Page 22: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
● Full listing
– If words are built online by morphemes then you often have to change pronunciation too
• propel > propel+tion
• condense > condense+ation
• destroy > destroy+tion
• pronounce > pronounce+iation
• seduce > seduce +ion
![Page 23: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
● Full listing
– If words are built online by morphemes then you often have to change pronunciation too
• propel > propel+tion
• condense > condense+ation
• destroy > destroy+tion
• pronounce > pronounce+iation
• seduce > seduce +ion
– Wouldn't it be easier to store them as wholes with surface pronunciation?
![Page 24: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
● Full listing
– If words are built online by derivational morphemes then you would expect slips of the tongue that switch morphemes
• indulge+ment < indulge+ance
![Page 25: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
● Full listing
– If words are built online by derivational morphemes then you would expect slips of the tongue that switch morphemes
• indulge+ment < indulge+ance
– Most slips of the tongue don't involve morpheme switches
• provisional < provincial
![Page 26: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
● Full listing
– complex and simple words recognized equally fast• bak+er vs. motor
• dust+y vs. fancy
• print+er vs. flounder
![Page 27: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
● LDT with word pairs
– non-word in pair• laftor progress
– both monomorphemic• porcupine attack
– both suffixed• builder printer
– one suffixed, one unsuffixed, but with same spelling
• slander printer
![Page 28: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
● LDT with word pairs
– non-word in pair• laftor progress
– both monomorphemic• porcupine attack
– both suffixed• builder printer
– one suffixed, one unsuffixed, but with same spelling
• slander printer– These took longer to process than builder / printer– This shows we can identify morphemes, not that we
have to
![Page 29: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
● Frequency affect RT
– Is it frequency of individual word (window, windows)?
– or frequency of room (freq of window+freq of windows)?
![Page 30: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
● Frequency affect RT
– Is it frequency of individual word (window, windows)?
– or frequency of room (freq of window+freq of windows)?
– Cumulative frequency supports parsing
– Individual frequency supports whole word storage
![Page 31: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
● Frequency affect RT
– river is more freq than rivers
– windows is more freq than window
– freq of river+rivers is same as freq of window+windows
river rivers
windows
window
![Page 32: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
● Frequency affect RT
– RT to river faster than to rivers
– RT to windows faster than to river
river rivers
windows window
![Page 33: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
● Frequency affect RT
– RT to river faster than to rivers
– RT to windows faster than to river
– It looks like individual words are stored, not just root
river rivers
windows window
![Page 34: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
● Experiment in Spanish
– Cumulative freq of miedo(s) “fear
– Cumulative freq of labio(s) “lip”
labios 322 labio 24
miedos 25 miedo 338
![Page 35: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
● Experiment in Spanish
labios 322 labio 24
miedos 25 miedo 338
singular plural800
820
840
860
880
900
920
940
960
980
1000
miedo(s)
labio(s)
![Page 36: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
● Experiment in Spanish
labios 322 labio 24
miedos 25 miedo 338
singular plural800
820
840
860
880
900
920
940
960
980
1000
miedo(s)
labio(s)
![Page 37: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
● What does it mean?
labios 322 labio 24
miedos 25 miedo 338
singular plural800
820
840
860
880
900
920
940
960
980
1000
miedo(s)
labio(s)
![Page 38: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
● What does it mean?
● Same thing found in Dutch and Italian
labios 322 labio 24
miedos 25 miedo 338
singular plural800
820
840
860
880
900
920
940
960
980
1000
miedo(s)
labio(s)
![Page 39: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
● Middle of the road approach
– Words are stored as wholes
![Page 40: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
● Middle of the road approach
– Words are stored as wholes
– Words are connected to other words that are phonologically, semantically, orthographically similar
![Page 41: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Phonology in the lexicon
● Bathtub effect
– beginnings and ends of words more salient• In ToT state people remember beginning and end
sounds more often
• This must relate to storage
![Page 42: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Phonology in the lexicon
● Bathtub effect
– beginnings and ends of words more salient• In ToT state people remember beginning and end
sounds more often
• This must relate to storage
– rhythmic pattern is stored• In malapropisms words with similar pattern used
![Page 43: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Phonology in the lexicon
● Syllabic information is stored
– blends keep rime intact• breakfast + lunch = brunch, *breach
![Page 44: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Phonology in the lexicon
● Syllabic information is stored
– blends keep rime intact• breakfast + lunch = brunch, *breach
• thirsty + hungry = thungry , *thirgry
![Page 45: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Phonology in the lexicon
● Syllabic information is stored
– blends keep rime intact• breakfast + lunch = brunch, *breach
• thirsty + hungry = thungry , *thirgry
– speech errors keep rime intact• shout + yell = shell, *shall
![Page 46: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Phonology in the lexicon
● Syllabic information is stored
– blends keep rime intact• breakfast + lunch = brunch, *breach
• thirsty + hungry = thungry , *thirgry
– speech errors keep rime intact• shout + yell = shell, *shall
• big + strong = strig, *strog
![Page 47: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Phonology in the lexicon
● Words with similar sounds are connected
– errors involve similar sounds• religious profession (procession) involves fricatives
![Page 48: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Phonology in the lexicon
● Words with similar sounds are connected
– errors involve similar sounds• religious profession (procession) involves fricatives
• clogged brain (drain) involves voiced stops
![Page 49: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Phonology in the lexicon
● Connections between similar words leads to pattern that can be generalized to other words
– tollude + ion = ?
![Page 50: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Phonology in the lexicon
● Connections between similar words leads to pattern that can be generalized to other words
– tollude + ion = ?• tolludion
• tollusion
• tollution
![Page 51: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Phonology in the lexicon
● Connections between similar words leads to pattern that can be generalized to other words
– tollude + ion = ?• tolludion
• tollusion
• tollution
– This knowledge comes from• collide > collision
• delude > delusion
• deride > derision
![Page 52: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Phonology in the lexicon
● Connections between similar words leads to pattern that can be generalized to other words
– say these words:• setty
• rotain
• fitguard
![Page 53: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Phonology in the lexicon
● Connections between similar words leads to pattern that can be generalized to other words
– say these words:• setty flap
• rotain [t]
• fitguard glottal stop
– How do you know how to pronounce them?
![Page 54: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Embodiment
● Idea that comprehension of sounds is aided by activation of part of brain that controls articulation
![Page 55: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Embodiment
● Idea that comprehension of sounds is aided by activation of part of brain that controls articulation
● When you hear a word your vocal tract brain area lights up
![Page 56: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Embodiment
● Idea that comprehension of sounds is aided by activation of part of brain that controls articulation
● When you hear a word your vocal tract brain area lights up
● When you watch a sport your muscle control areas light up
– spectators move in synch with athletes
![Page 57: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Embodiment
● Idea that comprehension of sounds is aided by activation of part of brain that controls articulation
● When you hear a word your vocal tract brain area lights up
● When you watch a sport your muscle control areas light up
– spectators move in synch with athletes
– watching football is almost like playing it
![Page 58: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Embodiment
● When you see someone smile, cry, laugh it makes you feel the same
![Page 59: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Embodiment
● When you see someone smile, cry, laugh it makes you feel the same
– Experiment: people watch faces and describe what they are doing
![Page 60: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Embodiment
● When you see someone smile, cry, laugh it makes you feel the same
– Experiment: people watch faces and describe what they are doing
– When they see a smiling face, they smile before naming the action
![Page 61: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Embodiment
● How embodied is language?
– LDT on sentences• I take the begin for over (bad sentence)
• I take the money from Bob
• I give the money to Bob
![Page 62: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Embodiment
● How embodied is language?
– LDT on sentences• I take the begin for over (bad sentence)
• I take the money from Bob
• I give the money to Bob– Subjects responded with joystick
» toward or away• RT when toward meant “good sentence”
– fast for “I take the money from Bob”– slow for “I give Bob the money”
![Page 63: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Embodiment
● How embodied is language?
– LDT on sentences• I take the begin for over (bad sentence)
• The waiter carries the tray
• The boxer punches the referee– Subjects responded by hitting button with open hand or
closed fist
• RT when fist meant “good sentence” – fast for “The boxer punches the referee”– slow for “The waiter carries the tray”
![Page 64: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Embodiment
● How embodied is language?
– LDT on sentences• I take the begin for over (bad sentence)
• The waiter carries the tray
• The boxer punches the referee– Subjects responded by hitting button with open hand or
closed fist
• RT when fist meant “good sentence” – fast for “The boxer punches the referee”– slow for “The waiter carries the tray”
• RT when open hand meant “good sentence” – slow for “The boxer punches the referee”– fast for “The waiter carries the tray”
![Page 65: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Embodiment
● How embodied is language?
– People read sentence then saw picture• Does the picture match the sentence?
– Far and near were contrasted in sentences• The sheep walks up to you and bleats
• The sheep wanders to the other side of the hill from you and bleats
![Page 66: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Embodiment
● How embodied is language?
– People read sentence then saw picture• Does the picture match the sentence?
– Far and near were contrasted in sentences• The sheep walks up to you and bleats
• The sheep wanders to the other side of the hill from you and bleats
– Far and near were contrasted in the pictures• Sheep close up versus sheep far away
![Page 67: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Embodiment
● When sheep was close in sentence and picture RT was fast
● When sheep was close in sentence and far in picture RT was slower
![Page 68: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Embodiment
● When sheep was close in sentence and picture RT was fast
● When sheep was close in sentence and far in picture RT was slower
● When sheep was far in sentence and far in picture RT was fast
● When sheep was far in sentence and close in picture RT was slower
![Page 69: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Embodiment
● How embodied is language?
– LDT on sentences• I take the begin for over (bad sentence)
• I take the money from Bob
• I give the money to Bob– Subjects responded with joystick
» toward or away• RT when toward meant “good sentence”
– fast for “I take the money from Bob”– slow for “I give Bob the money”
• RT when away meant “good sentence” – slow for “I take the money from Bob”– fast for “I give Bob the money”
![Page 70: Morphology in the lexicon ● Full parsing –in comprehension words parsed into morpheme –in production words built out of morphemes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697c0051a28abf838cc5264/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Morphology in the lexicon
● Middle of the road approach
– Words are stored as wholes
– Words are connected to other words that are phonologically, semantically, orthographically similar
– When tons of words are connected because they end in -er (verb-er), and they mean person who does X, a morpheme is identified without removing or adding it to the word during processing