Morphology and Evolution1. Consider how these organisms are

related.

2. Working in groups of two or three, arrange the images you were given. Organize them according to evolutionary relationships.

Which is most closely related to Alligators?A. Lizard

B. Bird

C. Bat

Which animal is most closely related to whales?

A. Hippo

B. Walrus

C. Shark

Which animal is most closely related to the wolverine?

A. Tasmanian Devil

B. Rhino

C. Walrus

Which animal is most closely related to rhinos?

A. Walrus

B. Hippo

C. Zebra

Which is most closely related to Alligators?A. Lizard

B. Bird

C. Bat

Proteins, Fossils

Hippos are most closely related to whales.A. Hippo

B. Walrus

C. Shark

DNA, Fossils

Walruses are most closely related to wolverines.

A. Tasmanian Devil

B. Rhino

C. WalrusPlacental ca

rnivores

Zebras are most closely related to rhinos.

A. Walrus

B. Hippo

A. Zebra

Odd-toed ungulates

Arrange the animals listed below on the cladogram.

AlligatorSharkHippoZebraBirdWhaleTasmanian DevilRhino

Alliga

tor

Shar

k

Wha

le

Hipp

o

Zebr

a

Rhino

Bird

Tasm

anian

Devil

Justify your arrangement by placing a synapomorphy ateach of the grey bars. A synapomorphy is a feature thatis not found in animals that branch off prior to the node (= fork) on the diagram, but which all subsequent animals share. Use Pikaia as your outgroup (ancestral condition).

Alliga

tor

Shar

k

Wha

le

Hipp

o

Zebr

a

Rhino

Bird T. De

vil

Pikaia

Even # ToesWhales and Hippos bothdescended from a common ancestor that had an even number of hoofed toes.

Alliga

tor

Shar

k

Wha

le

Hipp

o

Zebr

a

Rhino

Bird T. De

vilPikaia Jaws

Legs

Live BirthFur/HairSynapsid skull

Hooves

EvenToes

OddToes

Shelled eggsDiapsid skull

Possible Solutions