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Morgantown, West Virginia April 22, 2008 Innovative Mine Water Management Techniques for Submarine Coal Mines of the Sydney Coalfield WVU Mine Drainage Task Force Symposium

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Sydney CoalfieldSydney Coalfield Morgantown, WV Sydney, NS

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Sydney Coalfield No.2 Sydney CoalfieldSydney Coalfield Port Morien 1685 2001 More than 50 u/g mine produced over 500 million tons Left behind voids for more than 50 billion gal of AMD And so began the

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1B Hydraulic System 1B System1B System Port Morien *Note 1B Shaft location and No.26 location

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1B System Geologic Structure A B Glace Bay Syncline Bridgeport Anticline GeologicGeologic +128 asl -2760 bsl Port Morien

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Stratigraphic Section Through Coal Seams Mined in the 1B Hydraulic System (Section A - B through the Glace Bay Syncline) 100 m 75 m 23 m 30 m 40 m Sea level Glace Bay Reserve Mines Atlantic Ocean A B Hub Seam-2.5 m Harbour Seam-1.8 m Bouthllier-1m Backpit-1m Phalen Seam-2.3m Emery Seam-1.1m Emery Seam Phalen Seam Harbour Seam Hub Seam Sedimentary Section Idealized Geology Between Coal Seams Peat Swamp Lake/bay Lake/bay fill River Channelling Red beds Soil Horizons (Siderite & Calcareous nodules common Peat Swamp +128 asl -2760 bsl

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Mining Methods within the 1B System Room and pillar Room and pillar with pillar extraction Longwall

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Flooding of the 1B System No. 26 lost to a fire In 1984 1B Shaft pumps 1750 USgpm are shut down Flooding begins for the 8 directly connected mines Flooding soon follows for the 2 operating mines

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Lingan In-rushes Hydrograph 1B Hydraulic System HydrographHydrograph PARAMETER 1 B Shaft pH7.4 Iron4.1 Alkalinity230 Sulphate951 Conductivity8760 No.26 floods down dip flooding 1B Shaft Mine Water chemistry From 1B Shaft 1991 Pumps prepared in 1B Shaft

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SHALE Harbour Seam Atlantic Ocean Phalen Seam Coal Barrier Flooded No. 26 Colliery Lingan Colliery Phalen Colliery Retreat Direction 1100 ft 430 ft Coal Barrier 1100 B Emery sea Emery Seam 130 ft Flooding of Lingan Colliery starts Nov./92 Start the pumps in the 1B Shaft !

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1B Discharge 1B Discharge Nov. 1992 10 days of pumping

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Lingan in rush and Mine closure Hydrograph 1B Hydraulic System HydrographHydrograph PARAMETER 1 B Shaft ph3.9 Iron1,600 Alkalinity4.7 Sulphate4823 Conductivity13,800 No.26 floods Phalen effects slow flooding no treatment ! down dip flooding 1B Shaft Flooding rate increases New Mine Water chemistry from 1B Shaft Nov. 2002 Emergency WTP Phalen closes Pumps prepared in 1B Shaft Upgrade Phalen Pumping Capacity & build WTP

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SHALE Harbour Seam Atlantic Ocean Pillars >200 Barrier Flooded No. 26 Colliery Flooded Lingan Colliery Phalen Colliery Retreat Direction ~300 USgpm/panel 1100 ft 430 ft Emery sea Emery Seam 130 ft Phalen Longwalls receive mine water

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Mine water is Getting Close ! In mid 2002, monitoring boreholes along the shoreline intercept bad quality mine water Less than 100 ft to overflow WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE !

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CBDC Developed a Stepped Approach to Deal With Rising Mine Water (1)Late 2002, all focus is on mine water (2)The location, quantity and mine water overflow date was calculated (3) All surface water entrance points sealed (4) Established expert groups to give advice (5) Additional boreholes drilled to sample mine water chemistry and geology in upper areas (6) Began immediate construction of an emergency WTP at the 1B Shaft site

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1A Outfall projected to discharge by April 2003 at elev. +6 asl No.1A Outfall at shoreline

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MacKays Corner bootleg workings and AMD formation BootlegBootleg

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1B Shaft WTP 1B Treatment Plant and Settling Pond 1500 US gpm capacity

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1A Water Level -500 -400 -300 -200 -300 -100 0 No. 3 (1900-1915) No. 2 (1899-1947) No. 1A (1893-1927) No. 1BShaft No. 1A Outfall Phalen Seam Outcrop No. 5 (1872-1938) -200 -100 +100 Coal Pillars Coal Pillar Reserve Mines Glace Bay Outline of Mine Workings Dominion No. 1A Outfall Atlantic Ocean B-172 B-171 B-174 B-175 January 2003 Less than 100 to overflow No. 1B Shaft PARAMETERS No. 1B Shaft No. 1A B-171 B-172 B-175 pH units 3.63.37.47.77.5 Iron (mg/L) 2,0001,4500.56