Morgan Advanced Materials, Ceramics Expo

www.morganadvancedmaterials.com

Improving safety in lithium-ion batteriesusing thermally stable separators

including ceramic coatings

Ceramics Expo April 26, 2016

Richard Clark [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Contents

• Overview of Morgan Advanced Materials• Role and types of separators in lithium ion batteries• Separators – market situation• Introduction to advanced non-woven separators• Questions

Morgan Advanced Materials Confidential Information 2

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Morgan Advanced Materials

Founded in England in 1856Ticker on LSE: MGAM2015 revenue: GBP911.8 million (USD1.3 billion)2 Divisions and 6 Global Business Units


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Focus on technically demanding, growth markets


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Energy

Electronics

Healthcare

Transportation

Security and Defence

PetrochemicalIndustrial


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Morgan Advanced Materials

Global Business Units

Thermal Ceramics

Molten Metal Systems

Electrical Carbon

Seals and Bearings

Technical Ceramics

Composites and Defense Systems

indicates GBU with one or more LIB industry solutions

Contents



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Ceramics in lithium-ion battery separators


In 2000, for ion permeable separators, the market was essentially 100% polyolefin, but by 2015 ceramic is included in 44% (by area)

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Separators

Ion conducting

Polymer (gel)

PVDF

Ceramic or glass

NaSICON, others

Ion permeable

Polymer

Porous: PE / PP / PVDF

Fibrous: Non-woven

Ceramic / composite

Alumina, Zirconia, Silica

Shift is primarily based on drive for safety and market changes in product type and cell size

Market data from Christophe Pillot, Avicenne

Lithium-ion batteries and role of separator


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Source: Argonne National Laboratory, used under Creative Commons license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/legalcode)

• Main battery components• Anode• Cathode• Electrolyte• Separator

• Separator has three jobs• Barrier to electrodes• Window to ions• Reservoir for electrolyte

• Ideal separator would take up no space, weigh nothing and be free!

• Separators also play a key role in battery performance and in safety

http://www.anl.gov/

http://www.anl.gov/

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/legalcode




Features of separators


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Characteristic Control parameters

Barrier to electrodes

Thickness, mechanical strength, dielectric strength

Ion conduction Air permeability, ionic resistance, tortuosity, pore size, pore distribution

Electrolyte reservoir

Porosity, wettability

Feature Importance for battery

Chemical stability

Safety, cycle life

Thickness and pore size

Capacity and power

Shut-down feature

Safety (thermal runaway)

Thermal stability

Low shrinkage, high temperature integrity

Uniformity Cell balancing

Features data derived from Polypore 2012 Investor Day presentation; Market information supplied by and used with permission of Christophe Pillot, Avicenne, “The Rechargeable Battery Market and Main Trends 2015 to 2025”, Lithium Battery International Summit, Shenzhen, China, April 9 to 12, 2016

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Market situation and development


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LIB separator market, M$,CAGR 2005/2015: +16%

Average selling price (2015) = US$1.24/m2

LIB separator supplier,market share (US$) in 2015

Others: TDK/Nitto Denko, Foshan Jinhui Hi-Tech, Shenzhen Senior Technology Material, Xinxiang Green next Energy, DuPont,…

Information supplied by and used with permission of Christophe Pillot, Avicenne, “The Rechargeable Battery Market and Main Trends 2015 to 2025”, Lithium Battery International Summit, Shenzhen, China, April 9 to 12, 2016

Continuing rapid growth – CAGR 12% for next decade


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Assumptions (1)From 900 million m² in 2015 to almost 3000 million m² in 2025

Are

a of

sep

arat

ors

(1) Taking into account cell and pack process yield

Information supplied by and used with permission of Christophe Pillot, Avicenne, “The Rechargeable Battery Market and Main Trends 2015 to 2025”, Lithium Battery International Summit, Shenzhen, China, April 9 to 12, 2016

The number of patent applications for lithium battery separators has increased rapidly since 1990


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1990-1

1992-3

1994-5

1996-7

1998-9

2000-1

2002-3

2004-5

2006-7

2008-9

2010-11

2012-13

2014-15

050

100150200250300350

ApplicationsPolyolefinCelluloseCeramicNon-woven

Num

ber o

f app

licat

ions

/ in

terv

al

Notes: a) Search conducted using PatSnap® of patent applications including “Separator” in title and

“Lithium” and “Separator” in claims - other terms listed were also in claims b) “Polyolefin” search incorporated “Polyethylene”, “Polypropylene” and “PTFE”c) “Ceramic” search incorporated “Alumina”d) Numbers are of INPADOC family representatives

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DreamWeaver Technology: Nanofiber nonwovens from advanced fibers stable >500°C


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• Nanofiber on microfiber• Nanofibers form good barrier• Microfibers give open structure

• Good window• Microfibers also add strength• Has potential to be thinnest high

temperature separator in the world Advantages• Temperature stability• Safety• Chemical stability• Rate capability

Images and information provided by and used with permission of Dr. Brian Morin, CEO, DreamWeaver

170°C hot box performance test


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0:00:00 0:14:24 0:28:48 0:43:12 0:57:36 1:12:00 1:26:24 1:40:480

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

PP Ceramic TempSilver Temp Gold Temp

Tem

pera

ture

(C)

0:00:00 0:14:24 0:28:48 0:43:12 0:57:36 1:12:00 1:26:24 1:40:481

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

PP Ceramic VoltageSilver Voltage Gold Voltage

Temperature vs Time Voltage vs Time

Polyolefin separators failed at softening point of polymer. DWI separators did not fail.Images and information provided by and used with permission of Dr. Brian Morin, CEO, DreamWeaver

Nail penetration performance test

Voltage


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0:00:00 0:07:12 0:14:24 0:21:360

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

PP Voltage Ceramic PE VoltageDWI Silver Voltage DWI Gold Voltage

Volta

ge (V

)

0:00:00 0:02:52 0:05:45 0:08:38 0:11:31 0:14:24 0:17:16 0:20:0915

35

55

75

95

115

135

PP Temp Ceramic PE TempDWI Silver Temp DWI Gold Temp

Tem

pera

ture

(C)

Temperature

DWI Silver & Gold maintained their voltage and functionality during the test, unlike polyolefin separators

DWI Silver & Gold had slower temperature increase and reached a lower maximum temperature than polyolefin separators Images and information provided by and used with

permission of Dr. Brian Morin, CEO, DreamWeaver

Nail penetration test – standard PP material

• Maximum cell temperature 75°C• Significant shrinkage around nail• Significant shrinkage far from nail• Splitting character around nail

• Anisotropic tear characteristics• Significant exposed electrode


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Nail penetration test – standard PE/Ceramic material


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• Maximum cell temperature 115 °C• Significant shrinkage around nail• Cracking and splitting around nail

• Isotropic strength character• Significant exposed electrode


Nail penetration test – DreamWeaver Silver

• Maximum cell temperature 63°C• No shrinkage • No cracking or splitting • Physical damage from nail

penetration• Some charring around nail• No visible exposed electrode


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Nail penetration test – DreamWeaver Gold

• Maximum cell temperature 41°C• No shrinkage • No cracking or splitting • Physical damage from nail

penetration• No charring• No visible exposed electrode


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Nail penetration: what is happening


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• Prior to test, electrodes are isolated• Nail closes circuit from aluminum to copper• HEAT is generated

• Traditional Separator• Heat melts and cracks separator• Anode and cathode touch• Electrical short persists• Thermal runaway

• DWI Thermally Stable Separator• Separator is stable: some charring, but no shrinkage• Anode and cathode remain isolated• Aluminum melts or oxidizes• Electrical short is broken• No thermal runaway

Aluminum shutdown breaks circuit before separator failure creates

permanent closed circuit


www.morganadvancedmaterials.com

Questions?

23

Morgan Advanced Materials, Ceramics Expo

Engineering

Transcript of Morgan Advanced Materials, Ceramics Expo