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Transcript of MooreDNAreplication
![Page 1: MooreDNAreplication](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070321/558e58851a28ab4e6e8b4720/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
DNA Replication
By: Amanda Moore
![Page 2: MooreDNAreplication](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070321/558e58851a28ab4e6e8b4720/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
DNA helicase unravels DNA
DNA helicase
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DNA helicase
DNA helicase unravels DNA
![Page 4: MooreDNAreplication](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070321/558e58851a28ab4e6e8b4720/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
DNA helicase
DNA helicase unravels DNA
![Page 5: MooreDNAreplication](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070321/558e58851a28ab4e6e8b4720/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
DNA helicase
DNA helicase unravels DNA
![Page 6: MooreDNAreplication](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070321/558e58851a28ab4e6e8b4720/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
DNA helicase
DNA helicase unravels DNA
![Page 7: MooreDNAreplication](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070321/558e58851a28ab4e6e8b4720/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
DNA helicase
DNA helicase unravels DNA
![Page 8: MooreDNAreplication](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070321/558e58851a28ab4e6e8b4720/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
DNA helicase
DNA helicase unravels DNA
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A T
C G
G C
T A
G C
A T
C G
A T
C G
5’
3’
3’
5’
PhosphateSugar
Nucleotide
Thymine
Cytosine
Adenine
GuanineDNA helicase
DNA polymerase 3
RNA primer
DNA polymerase 1
DNA helicase breaks the bonds between the two base pairs and they split apart.
![Page 10: MooreDNAreplication](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070321/558e58851a28ab4e6e8b4720/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
A T
C G
G C
T A
G C
A T
C G
A T
C G
5’ 3’
3’5’
PhosphateSugar
Nucleotide
Thymine
Cytosine
Adenine
GuanineDNA helicase
DNA polymerase 3
RNA primer
DNA polymerase 1
DNA helicase breaks the bonds between the two base pairs and they split apart.
![Page 11: MooreDNAreplication](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070321/558e58851a28ab4e6e8b4720/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
A T
C G
G C
T A
G C
A T
C G
A T
C G
5’ 3’
3’ 5’
PhosphateSugar
Nucleotide
Thymine
Cytosine
Adenine
GuanineDNA helicase
DNA polymerase 3
RNA primer
DNA polymerase 1
DNA helicase breaks the bonds between the two base pairs and they split apart.
![Page 12: MooreDNAreplication](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070321/558e58851a28ab4e6e8b4720/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
A T
C G
G C
T A
G C
A T
C G
A T
C G
5’ 3’
3’ 5’
PhosphateSugar
Nucleotide
Thymine
Cytosine
Adenine
GuanineDNA helicase
DNA polymerase 3
RNA primer
DNA polymerase 1
DNA helicase breaks the bonds between the two base pairs and they split apart.
![Page 13: MooreDNAreplication](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070321/558e58851a28ab4e6e8b4720/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
A T
C G
G C
T A
G C
A T
C G
A T
C G
5’ 3’
3’ 5’
PhosphateSugar
Nucleotide
Thymine
Cytosine
Adenine
GuanineDNA helicase
DNA polymerase 3
RNA primer
DNA polymerase 1
DNA helicase breaks the bonds between the two base pairs and they split apart.
![Page 14: MooreDNAreplication](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070321/558e58851a28ab4e6e8b4720/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
A T
C G
G C
T A
G C
A T
C G
A T
C G
5’3’
3’ 5’
PhosphateSugar
Nucleotide
Thymine
Cytosine
Adenine
GuanineDNA helicase
DNA polymerase 3
RNA primer
DNA polymerase 1
DNA helicase breaks the bonds between the two base pairs and they split apart.
![Page 15: MooreDNAreplication](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070321/558e58851a28ab4e6e8b4720/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
A T
C G
G C
T A
G C
A T
C G
A T
C G
5’ 3’
3’ 5’
PhosphateSugar
Nucleotide
Thymine
Cytosine
Adenine
GuanineDNA helicase
DNA polymerase 3
RNA primer
DNA polymerase 1
DNA helicase breaks the bonds between the two base pairs and they split apart.
![Page 16: MooreDNAreplication](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070321/558e58851a28ab4e6e8b4720/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
A T
C G
G C
T A
G C
A T
C G
A T
C G
5’ 3’
5’3’
PhosphateSugar
Nucleotide
Thymine
Cytosine
Adenine
GuanineDNA helicase
DNA polymerase 3
RNA primer
DNA polymerase 1
DNA helicase breaks the bonds between the two base pairs and they split apart.
![Page 17: MooreDNAreplication](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070321/558e58851a28ab4e6e8b4720/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
A T
C G
G C
T A
G C
A T
C G
A T
C G
5’ 3’
3’ 5’
PhosphateSugar
Nucleotide
Thymine
Cytosine
Adenine
GuanineDNA helicase
DNA polymerase 3
RNA primer
DNA polymerase 1
DNA helicase breaks the bonds between the two base pairs and they split apart.
![Page 18: MooreDNAreplication](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070321/558e58851a28ab4e6e8b4720/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
A T
C G
G C
T A
G C
A T
C G
A T
C G
5’ 3’
5’3’
PhosphateSugar
Nucleotide
Thymine
Cytosine
Adenine
GuanineDNA helicase
DNA polymerase 3
RNA primer
DNA polymerase 1
DNA helicase breaks the bonds between the two base pairs and they split apart.
![Page 19: MooreDNAreplication](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070321/558e58851a28ab4e6e8b4720/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
A T
C G
G C
T A
G C
A T
C G
A T
C G
5’
3’
3’
5’
PhosphateSugar
Nucleotide
Thymine
Cytosine
Adenine
GuanineDNA helicase
DNA polymerase 3
RNA primer
DNA polymerase 1
DNA polymerase 3 starts on the leading strand and synthesizes a new base pair for the existing strand. DNA polymerase 3 synthesizes 3’ to 5’.
![Page 20: MooreDNAreplication](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070321/558e58851a28ab4e6e8b4720/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
A T
C G
G C
T A
G C
A T
C G
A T
C G
5’
3’
3’
5’G
5’
PhosphateSugar
Nucleotide
Thymine
Cytosine
Adenine
GuanineDNA helicase
DNA polymerase 3
RNA primer
DNA polymerase 1
DNA polymerase 3 starts on the leading strand and synthesizes a new base pair for the existing strand. DNA polymerase 3 synthesizes 3’ to 5’.
![Page 21: MooreDNAreplication](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070321/558e58851a28ab4e6e8b4720/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
A T
C G
G C
T A
G C
A T
C G
A T
C G
5’
3’
3’
5’G
T
5’
PhosphateSugar
Nucleotide
Thymine
Cytosine
Adenine
GuanineDNA helicase
DNA polymerase 3
RNA primer
DNA polymerase 1
DNA polymerase 3 starts on the leading strand and synthesizes a new base pair for the existing strand. DNA polymerase 3 synthesizes 3’ to 5’.
![Page 22: MooreDNAreplication](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070321/558e58851a28ab4e6e8b4720/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
PhosphateSugar
Nucleotide
A T
C G
Thymine
Cytosine
Adenine
GuanineG C
T A
G C
A T
C G
A T
C G
DNA helicase
5’
3’
3’
5’
DNA polymerase 3
G
T
G
RNA primer
DNA polymerase 1
5’
DNA polymerase 3 starts on the leading strand and synthesizes a new base pair for the existing strand. DNA polymerase 3 synthesizes 3’ to 5’. On the lagging strand, DNA polymerase 3 needs a RNA primer, made by DNA primase, for it to synthesize more base pairs. Then DNA polymerase makes more base pairs.
![Page 23: MooreDNAreplication](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070321/558e58851a28ab4e6e8b4720/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
PhosphateSugar
Nucleotide
A T
C G
Thymine
Cytosine
Adenine
GuanineG C
T A
G C
A T
C G
A T
C G
DNA helicase
5’
3’
3’
5’
DNA polymerase 3
G
T
G
RNA primer
DNA polymerase 1
T
C
5’
DNA polymerase 3 starts on the leading strand and synthesizes a new base pair for the existing strand. DNA polymerase 3 synthesizes 3’ to 5’. On the lagging strand, DNA polymerase 3 needs a RNA primer, made by DNA primase, for it to synthesize more base pairs. Then DNA polymerase makes more base pairs. The fragment made off of the RNA primer is an Okazaki fragment.
![Page 24: MooreDNAreplication](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070321/558e58851a28ab4e6e8b4720/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
PhosphateSugar
Nucleotide
A T
C G
Thymine
Cytosine
Adenine
GuanineG C
T A
G C
A T
C G
A T
C G
DNA helicase
5’
3’
3’
5’
DNA polymerase 3
G
T
G
RNA primer
DNA polymerase 1
T
C
A
C
5’
DNA polymerase 3 starts on the leading strand and synthesizes a new base pair for the existing strand. DNA polymerase 3 synthesizes 3’ to 5’. On the lagging strand, DNA polymerase 3 needs a RNA primer, made by DNA primase, for it to synthesize more base pairs. Then DNA polymerase makes more base pairs. The fragment made off of the RNA primer is an Okazaki fragment.
![Page 25: MooreDNAreplication](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070321/558e58851a28ab4e6e8b4720/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
PhosphateSugar
Nucleotide
A T
C G
Thymine
Cytosine
Adenine
GuanineG C
T A
G C
A T
C G
A T
C G
DNA helicase
5’
3’
3’
5’
DNA polymerase 3
G
T
G
RNA primer
DNA polymerase 1
T
C
A
C
A
C5’ 3’
DNA polymerase 3 starts on the leading strand and synthesizes a new base pair for the existing strand. DNA polymerase 3 synthesizes 3’ to 5’. On the lagging strand, DNA polymerase 3 needs a RNA primer, made by DNA primase, for it to synthesize more base pairs. Then DNA polymerase makes more base pairs. The fragment made off of the RNA primer is an Okazaki fragment. DNA polymerase 1 changes the RNA primer into DNA.
![Page 26: MooreDNAreplication](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070321/558e58851a28ab4e6e8b4720/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
PhosphateSugar
Nucleotide
A T
C G
Thymine
Cytosine
Adenine
GuanineG C
T A
G C
A T
C G
A T
C G
DNA helicase
5’
3’
3’
5’
DNA polymerase 3
G
T
G
RNA primer
DNA polymerase 1
T
C
A
C
A
C
T
C
5’ 3’
DNA polymerase 3 starts on the leading strand and synthesizes a new base pair for the existing strand. DNA polymerase 3 synthesizes 3’ to 5’. On the lagging strand, DNA polymerase 3 needs a RNA primer, made by DNA primase, for it to synthesize more base pairs. Then DNA polymerase makes more base pairs. The fragment made off of the RNA primer is an Okazaki fragment. DNA polymerase 1 changes the RNA primer into DNA.
![Page 27: MooreDNAreplication](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070321/558e58851a28ab4e6e8b4720/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
PhosphateSugar
Nucleotide
A T
C G
Thymine
Cytosine
Adenine
GuanineG C
T A
G C
A T
C G
A T
C G
DNA helicase
5’
3’
3’
5’
DNA polymerase 3
G
T
G
RNA primer
DNA polymerase 1
T
C
A
C
A
C
T
C
G
G
5’ 3’
DNA polymerase 3 starts on the leading strand and synthesizes a new base pair for the existing strand. DNA polymerase 3 synthesizes 3’ to 5’. On the lagging strand, DNA polymerase 3 needs a RNA primer, made by DNA primase, for it to synthesize more base pairs. Then DNA polymerase makes more base pairs. The fragment made off of the RNA primer is an Okazaki fragment. DNA polymerase 1 changes the RNA primer into DNA.
![Page 28: MooreDNAreplication](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070321/558e58851a28ab4e6e8b4720/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
PhosphateSugar
Nucleotide
A T
C G
Thymine
Cytosine
Adenine
GuanineG C
T A
G C
A T
C G
A T
C G
DNA helicase
5’
3’
3’
5’
DNA polymerase 3
G
T
G
RNA primer
DNA polymerase 1
T
C
A
C
A
C
T
C
G
G
T3’
5’ 3’
A DNA polymerase 3 starts on the leading strand and synthesizes a new base pair for the existing strand. DNA polymerase 3 synthesizes 3’ to 5’. On the lagging strand, DNA polymerase 3 needs a RNA primer, made by DNA primase, for it to synthesize more base pairs. Then DNA polymerase makes more base pairs. The fragment made off of the RNA primer is an Okazaki fragment. DNA polymerase 1 changes the RNA primer into DNA.
![Page 29: MooreDNAreplication](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070321/558e58851a28ab4e6e8b4720/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
PhosphateSugar
Nucleotide
A T
C G
Thymine
Cytosine
Adenine
GuanineG C
T A
G C
A T
C G
A T
C G
DNA helicase
5’
3’
3’
5’
DNA polymerase 3
G
T
G
RNA primer
DNA polymerase 1
T
C
A
C
A
C
T
C
G
G
T3’
5’ 3’
A
A5’
DNA polymerase 3 starts on the leading strand and synthesizes a new base pair for the existing strand. DNA polymerase 3 synthesizes 3’ to 5’. On the lagging strand, DNA polymerase 3 needs a RNA primer, made by DNA primase, for it to synthesize more base pairs. Then DNA polymerase makes more base pairs. The fragment made off of the RNA primer is an Okazaki fragment. DNA polymerase 1 changes the RNA primer into DNA.
![Page 30: MooreDNAreplication](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070321/558e58851a28ab4e6e8b4720/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
PhosphateSugar
Nucleotide
A T
C G
Thymine
Cytosine
Adenine
GuanineG C
T A
G C
A T
C G
A T
C G
DNA helicase
5’
3’
3’
5’
DNA polymerase 3
G
T
G
RNA primer
DNA polymerase 1
T
C
A
C
A
C
T
C
G
G
T3’
5’ 3’
A
A5’
C
DNA polymerase 3 starts on the leading strand and synthesizes a new base pair for the existing strand. DNA polymerase 3 synthesizes 3’ to 5’. On the lagging strand, DNA polymerase 3 needs a RNA primer, made by DNA primase, for it to synthesize more base pairs. Then DNA polymerase makes more base pairs. The fragment made off of the RNA primer is an Okazaki fragment. DNA polymerase 1 changes the RNA primer into DNA.
![Page 31: MooreDNAreplication](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070321/558e58851a28ab4e6e8b4720/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
PhosphateSugar
Nucleotide
A T
C G
Thymine
Cytosine
Adenine
GuanineG C
T A
G C
A T
C G
A T
C G
DNA helicase
5’
3’
3’
5’
DNA polymerase 3
G
T
G
RNA primer
DNA polymerase 1
T
C
A
C
A
C
T
C
G
G
T3’
5’ 3’
A
A5’
C
G
DNA polymerase 3 starts on the leading strand and synthesizes a new base pair for the existing strand. DNA polymerase 3 synthesizes 3’ to 5’. On the lagging strand, DNA polymerase 3 needs a RNA primer, made by DNA primase, for it to synthesize more base pairs. Then DNA polymerase makes more base pairs. The fragment made off of the RNA primer is an Okazaki fragment. DNA polymerase 1 changes the RNA primer into DNA.
![Page 32: MooreDNAreplication](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070321/558e58851a28ab4e6e8b4720/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
PhosphateSugar
Nucleotide
A T
C G
Thymine
Cytosine
Adenine
GuanineG C
T A
G C
A T
C G
A T
C G
DNA helicase
5’
3’
3’
5’
DNA polymerase 3
G
T
G
RNA primer
DNA polymerase 1
T
C
A
C
A
C
T
C
G
G
T3’
5’ 3’
A
A5’
C
G
DNA polymerase 3 starts on the leading strand and synthesizes a new base pair for the existing strand. DNA polymerase 3 synthesizes 3’ to 5’. On the lagging strand, DNA polymerase 3 needs a RNA primer, made by DNA primase, for it to synthesize more base pairs. Then DNA polymerase makes more base pairs. The fragment made off of the RNA primer is an Okazaki fragment. DNA polymerase 1 changes the RNA primer into DNA. DNA ligase makes phosodiester bonds between the Okasaki fragments and the RNA primers that are now DNA.
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The Reason Why DNA Replicates
DNA replicates for inheritance. DNA replicates in Interphase by making a copy of itself before the cell splits. It can be made into a new cell or a new organism. This process occurs in the nucleus of the cell in eukaryotes and in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes.
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Genetic Mutations
Telomeres make chromosomes longer at the ends and they can make genetic mutations better by fixing them. Telomerase makes telomere make the chromosome longer so the genetic mutation can be gone faster. The difference between normal cells and cancer cells is that cancer cell can grow forever and never die but normal cells will. Transplanted cells are changed by putting different genes in them and they probably won’t develop into cancer.
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Genetic Mutations cont.
Cloning is when a scientist takes a cells nucleus from an organism and uses that nucleus to make the same organism entirely, only younger. During the process of aging, cells lose their telomerase.