Equity & Inclusion; #MOOCs

@fredgarnett @altmoocsig

Before & After #MOOCs Equity & Inclusion

Happy in Romania

It might seem

CRAZY!

What I’m bout to say(CHANGE THE WORLD)

Before & After #MOOCs Equity & Inclusion

ALTMOOCSIC – UCL, London

ISSUES1. 3 Criteria for evaluating MOOCs

2. Some educational History

3. Technology Enhanced-learning

4. Equity & Inclusion

3 Criteria

@fredgarnett Equity & Inclusion

Before & After #MOOCs Equity & Inclusion

ALTMOOCSIC – UCL, London

3 Criteria – 2 developed when working at Becta;1. e-enabling or transforming?

2. Is e-learning/TEL a subset or a superset of education? (distance learning vs learner-centred)

3. Learning doesn’t scale; learning is “owned” by the learner (LGC)

Before & After #MOOCs Equity & Inclusion

• Some History• 1984 Year of IT – Information Technology• George Osborne inspired by the BBC Micro• Basic Programming & Turtle Mindstorms • I was Inspired by BBC “Will Tomorrow Work?”• 5 programmes on the impact of computers on

work at a time when we called the Knowledge Economy the “Information Society”

Before & After #MOOCs Equity & Inclusion

• 3 Inspirations for Social Impact of IT 1984• Kondratieff who talked about meta-technology• Hazel Henderson, an “anti-economist” who said

that “technology is the essence of politics”• Jonathan Gershuny (SPRU) who said “we need a

two-way, broadband, interactive, multi-media, optical-fibre network connecting every home”

• (what we would now call a platform)

Before & After #MOOCs Equity & Inclusion

Kondratieff “meta-technology” driven long-wave (50 yrs) socio-economic change

Before & After #MOOCs Equity & Inclusion

• Kondratieff who talked about meta-technology• And argued that social change was greatest as

key “meta-technologies” created economic change over “long-wave” periods of 50 years

• This holds true in the UK roughly since 1771• The current meta-technology, the micro-chip

was invented in Mountain View in 1971• What might this mean for Education in 2021?

Homi & The NeXT One – NSU Model of Change

Before & After #MOOCs Equity & Inclusion

• Education History• Change comes from the margins• Self-organised Communities of Scholars hired

tutors; from which Medieval Unis emerged with books & a lectern (Oxford 30 books)

• Mechanics Institutes began in 1821 (50 years) London Mechanics Institute now Birkbeck

• “revolutionised access to education in science & technology for ordinary people”

Mechanics Institutes

Before & After #MOOCs Equity & Inclusion

• Universities emerged as people in cities wanted access to revolutionary technology, books in Latin; as monotheistic religion ruled

• Technical Education emerged as people wanted access to the underpinning scientific & technical knowledge of the socially transformative industrial revolution; as machines ruled

• Society being transformed digitally requires access to NEW forms of organising learning

The City in History – Lewis Mumford

Discussed in full

@fredgarnett Before & After #MOOCs

Before & After #MOOCs Equity & Inclusion

Community Development Model of Learning

•What is TEL / e-learning?•Diana “e-learning is the use of any tech in the service of learning”

• In 2002 I was asked to develop a Digital Divide Content Strategy

• I argued for a research-based process;

•Metadata for Community Content

Before & After #MOOCs Equity & Inclusion

Community Development Model of Learning

We found;1. NO Content solves the Digital Divide2. Interest-driven learning/Andragogy3. Self-supported learning communities4. Community-responsive curricula

*Context is Queen*We needed;1. Content–creation toolkits (aclearn.net)2. Timely Interventions by trusted intermediaries…

Before & After #MOOCs Equity & Inclusion

Community Development Model of Learning

Cybrarian project 2002 also developed a prototype Facebook for social & digitally inclusive learning

Rejected because;a) Need new metaphor; social networksb) Government doesn’t want inclusionc) Formal education disables you from

seeing new ideas

In 2002 the Web went participative

What is Web 2.0?; http://oreilly.com/web2/archive/what-is-web-20.html

Learner-Generated Contexts Group

Learner-Generated Contexts Shock of the Old 2008

LGC; a group looking at what learning would look like post-web 2.0! Participatory, learner-generated, web as a platform for social learning etc…

“A coincidence of motivations leading to agile configurations”

or Trust the learner and organise around what emerges…

Learner-Generated Contexts Group

Smart Mobs – Howard RheingoldEverything is Miscellaneous – Dave WeinbergerHere Comes Everybody – Clay Shirky

OR Smart Mobs +Everything is

MiscellaneousMeans

Here Comes Everybody

In 2007 OU launched Open Learn

Open Learn; http://www.open.edu/openlearn/Open Context Model of Learning

The Open University opened first Open Education Resource based project at a British University, based on its historic distance learning model (1964)

Open-Context Model of LearningAn Open multi-context post-Web 2.0 “Pedagogy” based on Pedagogy Andragogy Heutagogy Continuum…“The most exciting thing happening in England” – John Seeley Brown

P A H

Teacher

School

Teacher/Learner

Learner

Research

Cognition Epistemic

Cognition

Meta-Cognitio

n

Adult

Pedagogy Andragogy Heutagogy

From Andragogy to Heutagogy PAH Continuum

Pedagogy the institutionalisation of learning around facts, resource scarcity, subject disciplines; education as a delivery system (cognition)

Andragogy negotiated, collaborative, interest-driven learning brokered into ‘open’ spaces. At best the community is the curriculum (meta-cognition)

Heutagogy self-determined learning where learner creativity enables innovation (epistemic cognition)

Pedagogies are not enough

Learning is Emergent; http://heutagogicarchive.wordpress.com/Emergent Learning Model http://www.slideshare.net/fredgarnett/fg-ouemergenttable

Learning is Emergent not institutionalised! We need to design for emergence and create tools to support that in a wiki-based collaborative world;

“Fit for Context” Learning;Emergent Learning Model rethinks learning as i. Social Processes not classroomsii. Content Creation or Curation not textbooksiii. Quality Assurance not high-stakes assessmentWe needed to build new learning exemplars of ‘non-linear dynamic systems’

Ambient Learning City

Ambient Learning City; http://www.slideshare.net/fredgarnett/ambientlearningcity

Aggregate then Curate http://mosialong.wordpress.com/2011/08/08/aggregate-then-curate/

Being Insanely Ambitious we decided to test emergent learning by turning Manchester into an Ambient Learning City Cities have many more learning contexts than a single classroom, so we decided to design for them;

BUT We needed new Learning Metaphors

Aggregate then Curate our new #socialmedia participation model Creating structured ways for people to inter-act with their city; even during riots (A History of Manchester in 100 objects)

Aggregate then Curate; Emergence

Aggregate then Curate (Research in learning technologies)

Equity & Inclusion;

@fredgarnett Before & After #MOOCs

Before & After #MOOCs Equity & Inclusion

We have discovered that;1. People want to learn2. Learning is social and informal3. Collaboration and discussion enable learning4. New Digital tools enable Search & evaluation,

Collaboration & discussion AND curation & creation (or andragogy & heutagogy) in learning

We need; New teaching skills participatory learning processesNew metaphors / social platforms / learning literacies

Else we are just e-enabling traditional education not transforming learning!

Before & After #MOOCs Equity & Inclusion

Building Democractic Learning

1. xMOOCs are pedagogically-driven course-based educational content-delivery systems.

2. Instructivist MOOCs reflect NOTHING that we have learnt about LEARNING based on the digital disruption of the last 20 years

3. xMOOCs Not even a “sage on the stage” but hierarchically-based; reflecting 1000 years of “Education under the Lecturn”

4. xMOOCs are about 19th Century institutions co-opting 21st C Technology-enhanced learning

5. xMOOCs are unheated digital libraries in the sky

Before & After #MOOCs Equity & Inclusion

17th Century Republic of Letters 18th Century Encyclopédie

cMOOCs & xMOOCs are like c) the 17th Century Republic of Letters x) the 18th Century Encyclopédie

• Early attempts to codify communications & create a new Culture knowledge

• TEL has not yet reached its Wikipedia moment;• The co-creation of relevant culture of knowledge

for the socio-technical era in which we live • Universities are not capable of creating that change

Before & After #MOOCs Equity & Inclusion

17th Century Republic of Letters 18th Century Encyclopédie

Medieval Universities became standardised when cities realised that students were money & paid tutors in order to attract the wealth of the young nobility to the city.

xMOOCs are the nation-states (USA) disruptive attempt to standardise digital education in order to attract the intellectual wealth of emerging nations & maintain an edge in the emerging knowledge economy.

Equity & Inclusion

@fredgarnett

Before & After #MOOCs Equity & Inclusion

•Equity & InclusionLearning doesn’t scale; Learners own their learningUniversities are hierarchy & elitism

O’Reilly’s Web 2.0 pointed the way to the new demand for access to social change; architectures of participation

But as CAL11 researchers said “if you pay us we will research social justice”

Before & After #MOOCs Equity & Inclusion

•Equity & Inclusion•From Access to Content to Context•Are learning technologists designing Institution-centric, Student-centred or Learner-centric education systems?

New educational systems have to be designed for a networked world not our one of hierarchies (Ben Hammersley - Internet of People).

Towards an Internet of People – Ben Hammersley

SURPRISE!

Before & After #MOOCs Equity & Inclusion

The University Project; http://univproject.pbworks.com/WikiQuals workshop; http://www.slideshare.net/fredgarnett/wikiquals

2011 The University Project was convened by Dougald Hine+ at Hub Westminster, over a long weekend in October 2011, to look at various alt.Uni projects.

Community of Scholars was the common theme. The action point was “solve the problem…that annoys you most” (Philippa Young) Accreditation of learning annoyed us most

WikiQuals was born

Accrediting Emergent Learning

Co-creating Open Scholarship WikiQuals Project

In WikiQuals we are looking at how you “accredit” the heutagogy of self-determined learningTrust the SqolarCo-creating Open ScholarshipDevelop Personal Learning NetworksAct in the real world (and document it)

Participatory Democracy needs participatory learningWe need to rethink the society we want and how we

use learning networks and democracy to get there

For us participatory education means

Participatory institutions

The 3 Levels of the Participatory Institution

Level Responsibility Aim

Strategic Planning

Senior Managers

Technical Infrastructure

Enabling Platform

Learning Management

Course Team Learning Resources

Learning Ecology

Learner Behaviours

Students Union New Technologies

Resource Discovery

An Institutional Development FrameworkNeeding 3 Levels of Technology Stewards

MOOCs – Which way now?

Making Learning – Fit for Context

Digital Learning for a Network Society

Digital Practitioner;

But education is about designing the society that we want to live in. It has to be “Fit for Context” I want;• Interest-driven learning• Trust in learners• Social Justice not Social Capital• Open Scholarship• Co-creating network Society• Participatory Democracy

We need to co-create; “artfully-crafted, student-centred learning

experiences” (Digital Practitioner report 2011)

Some Quotes

The Internet is your learning environment South Bristol Learning Network 1994“Solve the problem that annoys you most” Philippa Young MOOCs are a meme that might raise the level of debate about next-generation agile learning David JenningsLearning itself does not scale, because learners own their own learning Fred GarnettSocial media in education is characterised by a) a set of social practices b) a learning environment c) digital tools Violeta Maria Serbu (CROS Bucharest) School pokes your eyes out, University teaches you Braille, Postgraduate Education teaches you speed-reading in Braille Fred Emery 1965

Digital Learning Resources Links

ALTMOOCSIC – UCL, London 26 June 2014

Community Development Model of LearningLearner_Generated ContextsOpen Context Model of Learning blogCraft of Teaching / PAH ContinuumEmergent Learning ModelAmbient Learning CityAggregate then CurateDigital PractitionerOpen Learning and Network DemocracyCROS Alternative University

Contact @fredgarnett https://twitter.com/fredgarnett