Monu Manual Section 6

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section six s i x

Glossary

This glossary describes the majority of

ingredients used in the blending and

manufacture of MONU skincare products.

It may not contain ingredients used in new

products introduced since this glossary was

compiled.

This glossary is intended as a guide only and should not be used as a

definitive source of information. The information given is believed to be

correct and relevant to users of MONU Skincare products.

No responsibility is taken for errors or omissions.



NATURAL SCIENCE FOR YOUR SKIN

Acetyl Tetrapeptide-15 (Comforting Peptide)Peptides are chains or bonds of amino acids. Acetyl Tetrapeptide-15 or the “comforting” peptide is a cell

communicating ingredient. It acts to soothe and provide a “pain-killer” effect to subdue skin reactions andreduce discomfort.

Acmella Oleracea ExtractThis extract from the Acmella plant is an effective and safe alternative to botox treatments. Also known as the

“toothache” plant, it contains the compound called spilanthol which has a perceptible numbing sensation. It

works to temporarily numb the micro muscle contractions and can create and aggravate facial wrinkles.

Algae ExtractPart of the Chicory, Algae and Marine Magnesium complex. Consists of extracts from both red and brown

seaweed. These extracts incorporate vital skin elements such as; copper and zinc, vitamins A, C, E, B1, B2, B6

and B12 and amino acids. It also includes the essential fatty acid Omega-3, a form of polysaccharide and

anti-oxidants known as phlorotanins. These elements help to reinforce the action of the skin’s hydrolipidic film;preventing dehydration. They are substantive to the skin as they form a protective and moisturising film.

AllantoinThis extract, from the root of the comfrey plant, has soothing and healing properties and is effective against

infection. It can also be used as an anti-wrinkle product. Well researched and proven.

Aloe Vera (Aloe Barbadensis)A soothing, moisturising and healing extract taken from the succulent aloe plant. A natural sun filter.

Extensively researched with very positive results.

Alpha Hydroxy Acid (AHA)A mixture of natural fruit extracts taken from bilberries, citrus fruits, sugar cane and grape juice. AHAs help the

biological exfoliation process by breaking up the outer layer of skin leading to a sloughing of dead skin cells.

Amino AcidsBasic building blocks of the body; essential to good health. Amino acids bond with nitrogen to form

thousands of different proteins.

Amino Acid HydroxyprolineAmino Acids are the basic building blocks of the body helping to form thousands of different types of proteins.

Hydroxyproline is essential in collagen formation. This amino acid stimulates the contraction of collagen fibres

to help firm and plump up deeper lying wrinkles. It also protects the skin’s structure against degradation.

Ammonium Ferrous Sulphate (Ammonium Ferric Sulphate)

A metal salt used in galvanic products.

Anemarrhenae Asphodeloides (Root) ExtractThis extract is from a member of the lily family used in traditional Chinese medicine. It is rich in a compound

called sarsasapogenin – a phytosterol. This compound helps to stimulate the adipocytes, encouraging

increased lipid storage and increasing the density of the skin.

Apricot Kernel Oil (Prunus Armeniaca)A nourishing oil that is rich in carotene.

Arnica (Arnica Montana)Taken from the alpine herb that helps stimulate the peripheral blood supply when applied externally. It is anti-

inflammatory and helps to heal broken skin.

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Bois De Rose OilThis oil is extracted from the rosewood tree and is used for many skin problems from irritation and dryness to

puffiness and congestion.

Borage This ingredient is high in GLA (Gamma Linolenic Acid) and combats free radicals.

Borax A softener/emulsifier that is used in peeling cream.

BurdockTaken from the roots and leaves of the plant, this extract is beneficial for acne and problem skins. It is healing

and medicated.

Cabreuva Essential Oil

Extracted from the wood of the Myrocarpus tree, native to South America. The oil has a sweet, woody,delicate and slightly floral odour. Primarily used in premium perfumery but has antiseptic, balsamic

properties.

CaffeineUsed in Body Therapy Gel to help break up fatty deposits.

CalendulaAn extract taken from marigold flowers. It acts as a decongestant and has proven purifying, healing, soothing

and anti-inflammatory properties.

Camphor/Camphor Crystals

Taken from an oriental evergreen tree, this essence is medicated and particularly beneficial in caring for oilyskins. It also stimulates the circulation and will help ease congestion on the chest when used as an inhalant.

Capric/Caprylic Triglyceride/Coconut OilNourishes and combats dehydration.

CarbomerA gelling agent used to thicken products.

Cardomom (Eletarria Cardomomum)A stimulating, warming oil.

Carrot

This extract contains vitamin A, carotene and is anti-inflammatory and healing.

Cassia Alata Leaf ExtractFrom a tropical habitat, this extract from the Cassia Alata plant has developed a powerful defence

mechanism. It is rich in flavonoids; particularly K30S Kaempferol. This compound helps to protect nuclear and

mitochondrial DNA from degradation. It supports the cell’s natural repair system by combating the harmful

effects of the sun.

Cedarwood Essential OilWith its woody, long lasting scent, Cedarwood has soothing and harmonising properties.

Cellulose gum A cellulose based thickener.

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Cetearyl AlcoholAn emulsifier to stabilise cream formation.

Ceteareth An emulsifier.

Cetyl EstersAn emulsifier to stabilise cream formation or modify viscosity.

Chamomile Essential OilA gentle, soothing oil with an aroma similar to that of apples. Chamomile is excellent for use in skincare as its

soothing properties are very beneficial for treating dry, mature skin.

Chicory ExtractPart of the Chicory, Algae and Marine Magnesium complex. This is a natural extract from the roots of the

chicory plant. A polysaccharide consisting mainly of glucose and fructose. Both these sugars have powerful

moisturising properties due to their high capacity for water retention. This part of the active complex works tomaintain skin cells in good condition, helping to keep cell membranes intact and preserving the skin’s smooth

and supple appearance.

Chromium Green OxideA natural green pigment used to colour products.

Citric AcidA pH modifier and water softener.

Clary Sage Essential OilThis essence is excellent for use as a general tonic as it will lift the spirits and promote a sense of well being.

This warm, nutty essence has an euphoric effect on the system.Cobalt ChlorideA metal salt used in galvanic products.

Cocoa Butter (Theobroma Cacao)Nourishes and combats dehydration.

Coco Glucoside/Coconut AlcoholVery mild surfactants to provide cleansing properties.

Cocomidopropyl BetaineA mild surfactant and conditioning agent.

Coconut Oil (Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride)Nourishes and combats dehydration.

Collagen (Marine)Collagen is the main protein of connective tissue in animals. It takes the form of long fibrous bundles called

collagen fibres. These fibres give structure and support to the tissues and cells. It is responsible for skin

strength and elasticity and its degradation leads to wrinkles. Our marine collagen is a by-product of the

fishing industry and not animal sourced. The large collagen molecules form a tightening film on the surface

of the skin to smooth fine lines, firm and tone the skin.

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Copper (Trace Element)These elements are essential for the body; they are involved in many enzyme reactions in the skin. They are

found in the fibroblast and keratinocyte cells and are part of the natural moisturising factor. Copperencourages the synthesis of ATP, keratin and collagen. Trace elements help promote cell energy, they

stimulate cell turnover, restoring skin vitality and freshness.

CornflowerTaken from the flower, this extract has soothing properties and is often used in eye care. Anti-inflammatory.

Cotton Seed ExtractCotton seeds are rich in fatty acids, proteins and trace elements. They are widely used in traditional medicine

for their soothing and conditioning properties.

Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus)This extract has refreshing and moisturising properties and is useful to soothe inflamed skin.

Cupric Sulphate A metal salt used in galvanic products.

Cyclomethicone An emollient.

Decyl Glucoside A very mild surfactant to provide cleansing properties.

Denatured Alcohol An astringent and cooling agent.

Diatomaceous EarthComposed of silica; the shells of single cell microscopic algae. This material consists of micro-fine particles

to eliminate dead skin cells and impurities. It provides a natural alternative to aluminium oxide crystals torefine the surface texture of the skin.

Diazolidinyl Urea An anti-microbial agent.

Dicaprylyl Maleate An emollient.

Dichlorobenzyl Alcohol An anti-microbial agent.

DihydroxyacetoneObtained from glycerol, this ingredient reacts with amino acids in the skin to provide a natural looking sun

tanned appearance.

DimethiconeAn emollient.

Dimethicone/Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer [and] Silica (Soft Focus Technology)A modern silica coated powder which provides wrinkle smoothing and sebum absorbing properties with an

excellent silky, powder finish.

Disodium EDTAA water softener and metal ion scavenger.

Distilled Witch Hazel (Hamamelis Virginiana)Taken from the shrub, this extract contains tannin and is a good astringent and decongestant.

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Elderflower (Sambuccus Nigra)An extract taken from the flower, it is soothing and cooling.

Essential Fatty AcidsThis ingredient is necessary for normal growth and healthy skin.

Essential OilsSee the separate list of Monu 100% pure essential oils.

Ethylhexyl Palmitate/Octyl PalmitateBoth ingredients are types of esters, very fine fractions of natural oils which provide the product with easy

spreading and moisturising properties.

Evening Primrose Oil (Oenothera Biennis)Extracted from the seeds of the plant. Evening Primrose oil is rich in Gamma- Linolenic essential fatty acid,

particularly omega 6. Called “essential” because our body cannot reproduce them, they form part of thelipid layer and are vital for healthy skin. They help prevent skin dryness, restore optimal moisture balance

and maintain the skin’s barrier function.

Frankincense Essential OilUsed in biblical times, this essence has an exotic, warm fragrance. It has excellent vapourising qualities with

an antiseptic, soothing effect on the lungs. Frankincense is used in skincare for treating dry, mature skin. It also

has a soothing and balancing effect on the emotions.

Galactoarabinan/ PolysaccharidesThese are molecules of neutrally charged sugars which are moisture binding and mimic the skin’s intercellular

cementing. They provide structural support for the connective tissues. They are able to form a veil on the

surface of the skin – smoothing fine lines with an immediate action.

Geranium Essential OilGeranium has a delicious, floral fragrance and is widely used in skincare for all skin types. It has a

balancing, refreshing effect on emotions and is also useful as an insect repellent.

Ginger Essential OilGinger has a pungent, spicy aroma and is useful in a massage blend as a warming and refreshing tonic for

tired muscles

Gingko BilobaFrom a Chinese tree, this ingredient is soothing. May also have a beneficial effect on the circulation.

GinsengTaken from the Chinese plant, it has a toning, purifying, revitalising and stimulating effect.

Glycerin(e)A vegetable sourced humectant and emollient.

Glycerol See glycerine.

Glyceryl Hydrogenated Rosinate A leg wax resin.

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Glyceryl MonostearateAn emulsifier.

Glyceryl PolymethacrylateA thickener.

Glyceryl StearateA type of emulsifier, it helps all the materials blend together.

Grape (Fruit) ExtractGrapes are rich in polyphenols which work synergistically with the skin providing powerful antioxidants.

Polyphenols also help protect collagen and elastin against degradation.

Grape Seed Oil (Vitis Vinifera)This oil has a gentle moisturising effect without leaving the skin greasy. An excellent antioxidant. Rich in

beneficial linoleic acid.

Grapefruit Essential OilThis oil extracted from grapefruit peel has a sweet, citrus aroma. Grapefruit has a highly revitalising and

elevating effect on the emotions. It will help to strengthen the immune system and ease headaches and

depression.

Green teaGreen Tea extract can play a vital role in protecting skin cells from free radical damage initiated by

environmental factors such as exposure to UV light.

Ground Ivy

This ingredient is diuretic and may help to break down fatty deposits and cellulite.

GuaranaTaken from the climbing evergreen liana, this extract can help to break up fatty deposits.

HamamelisSee distilled witch hazel.

Hawthorn

The ancient Greeks are thought to be the first to use Hawthorn for its medicinal properties. The flowers andberries also reportedly have good astringent and antioxidant properties due to their flavonoid content. This

hawthorn extract has anti-microbial properties which provide the skin with protection against harmful acne

bacteria; encouraging healthy skin.

Hazelnut Oil (Corylus Americana)A light, easily absorbed oil which is well suited to combination and oily skin types. Emollient and nourishing.

Rich in essential fatty acids.

Hexapeptide-2A unique peptide that works to suppress excess tyrosinase activity. It helps to improve skin tone and clarity so

skin appears more luminous.

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Horse ChestnutThis extract is a vaso-constrictor that contains vitamin P, which strengthens capillary walls. Used in the

treatment of broken capillaries.

HorsetailTaken from the plant, this extract works on elastin fibres. Has a firming and tightening effect. Assists in the

healing of broken skin.

Hyaluronic AcidA superb humectant (moisturiser) taken from fermented soya proteins. The skin is able to retain optimum

moisture levels.

Hyaluronic MicrospheresThese tiny spheres are micro-injected with pure hyaluronic acid. They re-hydrate on contact with the water in

the skin and swell up to 30 times in volume to plump out wrinkles from within. A non-surgical alternative to

hyaluronic dermal fillers.

Hydrogen PeroxideAn oxygen donor as used in galvanic oxycream.

Hydrogenated Castor OilAn emollient/cleansing surfactant.

Hydrolised Wheat ProteinThis extract improves firmness, elasticity and moisture retention.

Hydrogenated Castor Oil

An emollient/cleansing surfactant.

HydroxyethylcelluloseA thickener.

Imidazolidinyl UreaAn anti-microbial agent.

Iron OxideA colourant used in tinted moisturisers. Provides brown, red and yellow tints.

Isopropyl Myristate An emollient.Isopropyl Palmitate An emollient.

Jasmine Essential OilThis popular essence has an exquisite floral scent, which is sensual and soothing. Jasmine can be used to

tone and maintain elasticity in dry, mature skin. It is relaxing, whilst uplifting.

Jojoba OilProduced from the seed of the Jojoba Simmondsia Chinesis shrub. A natural liquid emollient with properties

similar to the skin’s own sebum, helping to protect the skin and prevent water loss. A soothing, moisturising

and healing oil.

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Neroli Essential OilNeroli has a beautifully floral aroma and is derived from orange blossom. It has a calming effect on redness

or broken capillaries. Can be used in the treatment of dry skin.

Nettle (Urtica Dioica)This extract has been taken from the leaves of the plant and contains chlorophyll and tannin, which have a

purifying, toning and astringent action.

Oat ExtractOats are an excellent source of vitamins and minerals. They are renowned for their skin soothing, calming

and anti-inflammatory properties. Oat extract nourishes and smoothes the skin.

Octyl Methoxycinnamate A UVA/UVB filter.

Oligopeptides/Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-3

Containing a nature-identical pro-collagen fragment. The fragments are cell “mediators” and areimmediately recognised by the fibroblast cells. They encourage the skin to increase its own collagen

production. An alternative to invasive collagen injections.

Oligosaccharide ComplexThis naturally derived sugar complex works with a prebiotic action. It is gentle and skin compatible. It

stimulates the skin’s protective microflora – reinforcing the immune system. It helps to maintain the skin’s

barrier function and promotes the healthy appearance of the skin.

Olive OilA cultivated and responsibly harvested oil from Granada, Southern Spain. It is rich in oleic, palmitic fatty

acids and squalene and an excellent moisturiser.

Orange Essential OilWith a delicious, tangy fragrance, orange is an uplifting, refreshing oil which has a mildly relaxing effect on

the system. Softens thick, fissured skin.

Orris Essential OilOrris oil has a soft woody floral scent, it comes from the iris family, decorative plants with highly scented, pale

blue flowers.

Oxybenzone See Benzophenone-3

PanthenolA humectant that helps to replenish loss of moisture as well as control the viscosity of the product. This will

prevent ball-up or rolling of creams. Anti-inflammatory and linked with the formation of vitamin B5.

Papaya EnzymesThese papaya fruit enzymes gently digest the dead skin cells. The extract is contained in glycospheres which

have an affinity to the skin, therefore aiding penetration.

ParabensUsed as non-toxic preservatives in the cosmetic and food industry and will combat the development of

bacteria and fungus.

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Paraffin WaxA thickener used widely in skincare and colour cosmetics. Also used sometimes as part of a hand treatment

and/or manicure.

Patchouli Essential OilAn exotic and stimulating oil from India with a woody, sensuous aroma. Patchouli is used in skincare for mature

skin and has a relaxing effect on the system.

Peach Kernel Oil (Prunus Persia)A rich and nourishing carrier oil that benefits all skin types.

PEG-40 Hydrogenated Caster Oil/TridecethThis ingredient solubilises essential oils into water based products.

Peptide (Acetyl Tetrapeptide-15)

Peptides are chains or bonds of amino acids. Acetyl Tetrapeptide-15 or the “comforting” peptide is a cellcommunicating ingredient. It acts to soothe and provide a “pain-killer” effect to subdue skin reactions and

reduce discomfort.

Peru Balsam ExtractPeruvian balsam is a large tropical tree found in Central America. The oil has an anti-inflammatory action.

It has a warm, rich “vanilla-like” scent and it used in premium perfumery.

Petitgrain Essential OilPetitgrain has a light woody aroma and is widely used in skincare for its astringent, refreshing properties.

An excellent conditioner of dry skin.

Petroleum Jelly (Petrolatum)A waterproofing base and humectant.

Phyto SqualaneDerived from pure olive oil, this molecule has a natural affinity with the skin, being one of the main components

of sebum and hydrolipic film. Restores skin suppleness and helps to prevent trans-epidermal water loss.

Polishing GrainsExfoliating polishing granules made from polythene.

Polyacrylamide/C13-14 isoparaffin/Laureth-7 This ingredient helps to thicken emulsions.

Polyquaternium 4A long-lasting skin conditioning agent.

PolysaccharidesThese are molecules of neutrally charged sugars which are moisture binding and mimic the skin’s intercellular

cementing. They provide structural support for the connective tissues.

PolysaccharidesThese are molecules of neutrally charged sugars which are moisture binding and mimic the skin’s intercellular

cementing. They provide structural support for the connective tissues.

Polysorbate A solubiser for essential oils.

Pongamia ExtractOriginates from the Karanja Tree; an Indian plant used in Ayurvedic medicine. It contains a compound which

works to help protect the skin from UV rays – particularly UVA. It is also an effective antioxidant.

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Propylene GlycolA clear liquid used very widely in skincare. It is a very good moisturiser and skin softener.

PVP Hexadecene CopolymerA waterproofing agent for sun blocks.

RetinolA vitamin A derivative used to effectively stimulate cellular renewal and help the skin to keep healthy and

supple. It will encourage skin elasticity.

RhubarbRich in mineral salts, this extract is moisturising and protecting.

Rose Essential OilThis special oil has a gentle, floral aroma that is extremely mood enhancing. It is used in skincare when treating

sensitive skin and can also lift the spirits. Only a little of this essence is required, as its perfume is intense.

Rosehip Seed OilFrom the seed of the wild rose bush. Rosehip Seed Oil is high in Oleic, Linoleic and Linolenic essential fatty

acids. Called “essential” because our body cannot reproduce them, they form part of the lipid layer and are

vital for healthy skin. They help prevent skin dryness, restore optimal moisture balance and maintain the skin’s

barrier function.

Rosewood Essential OilThis is a relaxing, balancing oil with a subtle woody aroma. Perfect for calming the emotions. Rosewood also

has a toning and softening effect on the skin. Good for dry, sensitive skin.

Royal JellyRich in vitamins, minerals, enzymes and proteins, this ingredient is used to nourish dry, mature skin and

encourage cellular renewal.

RutinAn extract taken from the Japonica plant which helps to heal capillary bleeding.

Salicylic AcidOccurs naturally in wintergreen leaves, sweet birch and selected plants. This beta hydroxy acid improves the

appearance and condition of the skin.

Sambucus See elderflower.

Sandalwood Essential OilWith a sweet, woody scent this oil will have a relaxing effect whilst promoting physical and mental well being.

Sandalwood is excellent in the treatment of stress and insomnia. Good for dry, chapped or cracked skin.

Seaweed Rich in minerals and trace elements to help revitalise, hydrate and firm the skin.

Sesame Oil An oil from the seeds of an East Indian herb used as a skin softener.

Shea Butter (Butyrospermum Parkii)This is fat extracted from the kernels of the African tree. Aids absorption of active ingredients and leaves a

protective film on the skin.

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Siberian Ginseng ExtractUsed in Chinese medicine, this extract is rich in both polysaccharides and glycoproteins. It forms a fine,

tightening film on the surface of the skin – smoothing fine lines with an immediate action.

SoapwortAn extract from a perennial herb which can be used as a gentle wash for sensitive skin.

Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose A cellulose based thickener.

Sodium Chloride An electrolyte as used in galvanic products.

Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate A very mild cleansing surfactant.

Sodium Hyaluronate/Hyaluronic AcidA superb moisturiser taken from fermented soya proteins. A moisture binding ingredient which helps the skin

to capture and hold onto water molecules.

Sodium Hydroxide A pH modifier.

Sodium Magnesium Silicate An emulsifier.

Sodium PCA A humectant.

Soft Focus Technology (Dimethicone/Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer [and] Silica)A modern silica coated powder which provides wrinkle smoothing and sebum absorbing properties with an

excellent silky, powder finish.

SorbitolFound in ripe berries, seaweed and algae. A humectant that gives a velvety feel to the skin. Attracts water to

itself and helps bind moisture to the skins surface.

St John’s WortThis ingredient will improve the circulation and help break down fatty deposits. Well researched and

documented.

Stearic Acid An emulsifier/stabiliser.

Sunflower Oil (Helianthus Annus) A 100% cold pressed oil.

Sucrose A sugar extracted from various plants. Used as a base for hair removal.

Sucrose Laurate100% natural, preservative free, vegetable origin sugar ester used to form gels and lotions.

Sweet Almond Oil (Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis)This oil contains vitamins A, B1, B2, B6 and a small amount of vitamin E. It is very good for the treatment of the skin

as it nourishes and protects and has an emollient effect. It is a good moisturising oil for dry and sensitive skin.

Tangerine Essential OilThis fragrant, citrus oil has an uplifting effect on the system.

Titanium Dioxide (CI 77891)/Mica/SilicaA light textured chalky pigment treated to provide light reflecting properties to instantly brighten the skin.

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Tocopherol An antioxidant, see vitamin E.

Tocopheryl Acetate An antioxidant, see vitamin E.

Triethanolamine A pH modifier.

Triisodecyl Trimellitate A speciality liquid ester providing a soft velvety feel.

Trioctyl Citrate An emulsifer.

TyrosineAn enzyme and amino acid which accelerates the production of melanin. Widely used in self/fake tanning products.

Urea A humectant found in the epidermis which keep moisture levels active.

Veegum (Magnesium Aluminium Silicate) A rheology modifier.

Vetiver Essential OilKnown as the Oil of Tranquillity in India and Sri Lanka, it has a deep, smoky, earthy-woody odour with a sweet

undertone. A deeply relaxing oil also useful for treating oily skin.

Violet Essential OilViolet leaf absolute has a green, leafy odour with a delicate floral undertone. The oil has anti-inflammatory

properties but today is mainly used in premium perfumery.

Vitamin A/Retinyl PalmitateImproves skin elasticity and moisture content while reducing the signs of sun-induced ageing.

Vitamin B Anti-inflammatory and vital for good skin condition.

Vitamin C/Sodium Ascorbyl PhosphateAn ascorbic acid and polypeptide complex. Plays an important role in metabolic processes. Acts as an antioxidant;

capturing or neutralising free radicals formed upon exposure to UV light rays. Reputed to help even skin tone.

Vitamin E/TocopherolHas an antioxidant action. Believed to improve the use of oxygen in the tissues and increase the capillary

circulation. Calms inflammation.

Vitamin FEssential fatty acids, necessary for good skin condition. Vital to assist dry, flaky skin.

Watercress Contains iron, iodine and vitamin C, this extract is very purifying.

Wheatgerm Extract (Triticum Vulgare)Rich in vitamin E, this oil will help to nourish dry skin. Good for treating wrinkles and may help to avoid stretch marks.

Wheat Germ OilWheat Germ Oil is rich in Vitamin E a powerful antioxidant. This oil will help to nourish dry skin, excellent for treating

wrinkles and stretch marks.

Wild Yam and Soya Extract

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Both plants have long been used in a nutritional context for soothing the hormonal fluctuations that mature

women experience. They are both natural phytosterols. Soya helps to increase the lipid content of the skin.

Wild Yam stimulates collagen and elastin productionWillowbarkWillow Bark Extract is a natural source of salicylic acid, able to provide the benefits of the synthetic acid but

without any irritation. Salicylic acid is known for its antimicrobial capabilities. This extract has activity against

Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes, two of the skin flora implicated in the formation of acne.

This extract prevents congestion by encouraging cell turnover, helping to refine the surface texture of the skin.

Xantham This ingredient is used as a thickener, a stabiliser and an emulsifier.

Yarrow (Achillea Millefolium)An extract taken from the perennial herb which has anti-inflammatory actions and is good for the circulation.

Ylang Ylang Essential OilThis exotic, floral essence has a calming effect on the emotions. Ylang Ylang is excellent for treating both oily

and dry skin.

Yogurt ExtractHistorically yoghurt is renowned as a superior nutritional source and has been used for its soothing and

calming properties. This extract is rich is vitamins A, B1, B2, B5 and B6, minerals, proteins and lactose all

beneficial for healthy skin. Lactose helps to increase the water content whilst plumping and smoothing fine

surface wrinkles.

Zinc (Trace element)These elements are essential for the body; they are involved in many enzyme reactions in the skin. They are

found in the fibroblast and keratinocyte cells and are part of the natural moisturising factor. Zinc plays a part

in the synthesis of DNA. Trace elements help promote cell energy, they stimulate cell turnover, restoring skin

vitality and freshness.

Zinc IodideA metal salt used in galvanic products.

Zinc OxideA natural sunscreen in the form of a micro-fine dispersion,which does not leave a white residue on the skin. It

is the broadest spectrum UVA and UVB absorber that is approved for use as a sunscreen and is completely

photostable.

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Monu Manual Section 6

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