Montana – North Dakota? Middle Member Bakken Play Julie A. LeFever North Dakota Geological Survey.

Montana – North Dakota?Montana – North Dakota?Middle Member Bakken PlayMiddle Member Bakken Play

Julie A. LeFeverJulie A. LeFever

North Dakota Geological North Dakota Geological SurveySurvey

MTMT

WYWY

SDSD

NDND

MBMBSKSKABAB

Richland Co.

Richland Co.

McKenzie Co.

McKenzie Co.

MTMT NDND Study Study AreaArea

Williston Williston BasinBasin

Bakken FormationBakken Formation

• Geology Geology – StratigraphyStratigraphy– LithologyLithology– Depositional Depositional

Environments/HistoryEnvironments/History– AgeAge– Source Rock PotentialSource Rock Potential

StratigraphyStratigraphy

Three Forks Formation Three Forks Formation (Devonian)(Devonian)

• Conformable & UnconformableConformable & Unconformable• 250 ft thick250 ft thick• Shales, dolostones, siltstones, and Shales, dolostones, siltstones, and

sandstonessandstones• ““Sanish Sand” Sanish Sand”

• Sublittoral to supralittoralSublittoral to supralittoral

SESW Sec. 13, SESW Sec. 13, T.23N.,R.56E.T.23N.,R.56E.

AHEL #1 H8 NevinsAHEL #1 H8 Nevins

Three Forks Fm.Three Forks Fm.

10608 ft.10608 ft.


Bakken FormationBakken Formation• NomenclatureNomenclature

– Defined in 1953Defined in 1953– Amerada Petroleum - #1 H.O. BakkenAmerada Petroleum - #1 H.O. Bakken– Restricted to the SubsurfaceRestricted to the Subsurface– 105 ft thick105 ft thick – upper and lower shaleupper and lower shale– middle limestone membermiddle limestone member

Isopach of the Isopach of the Bakken Bakken

FormationFormation

Distribution Distribution of the of the

Bakken ShaleBakken Shale

LithologyLithologyLower Shale MemberLower Shale Member

50 ft thick50 ft thickDark brown to black, fissile, non-Dark brown to black, fissile, non-

calcareous, organic-rich shalecalcareous, organic-rich shaleQuartz, pyrite Quartz, pyrite

fossils - conodonts, algal spores, fossils - conodonts, algal spores, brachiopods, fish teeth, bones, and brachiopods, fish teeth, bones, and scalesscales

Fractured with oil stainingFractured with oil staining

StratigraphyStratigraphyBakken FormationBakken Formation

Isopach of theIsopach of theLower Bakken Lower Bakken

ShaleShale

10604.5 ft.10604.5 ft.



Bakken/Three Forks

Contact

Middle MemberMiddle Member 85 ft thick85 ft thick 5 different lithofacies5 different lithofacies

Calcareous siltstone to sandstone, Calcareous siltstone to sandstone, dolostone, silty limestone, and oolitic dolostone, silty limestone, and oolitic limestonelimestone

Locally productiveLocally productive


Isopach of theIsopach of theMiddle Bakken MemberMiddle Bakken Member

Lithofacies 5 - SiltstoneLithofacies 5 - Siltstone

Lithofacies 4 – Interbedded Dark Grey ShaleLithofacies 4 – Interbedded Dark Grey Shale and Buff Silty Sandstone and Buff Silty Sandstone

Lithofacies 3 - SandstoneLithofacies 3 - Sandstone

Lithofacies 2 – Interbedded Dark Grey ShaleLithofacies 2 – Interbedded Dark Grey Shale and Buff Silty Sandstoneand Buff Silty Sandstone

Lithofacies 1 - SiltstoneLithofacies 1 - Siltstone

(From LeFever and others, 1991)Lower Shale

Upper Shale

Lithofacies of the Middle Lithofacies of the Middle MemberMember

ProductiveProductive

ProductiveProductive

Middle MemberMiddle MemberLithofacies 2Lithofacies 2





Middle MemberMiddle MemberLithofacies 2Lithofacies 2

10585 ft.10585 ft.

Upper Shale/Middle Upper Shale/Middle MbrMbr

ContactContact



1058210582 ftft

Upper MemberUpper Member Maximum extent of the BakkenMaximum extent of the Bakken 23 ft thick23 ft thick Conformable and UnconformableConformable and Unconformable Laminated to massive with poorly Laminated to massive with poorly

sorted beds of silt-sized materialsorted beds of silt-sized material Lag sandstoneLag sandstone


Isopach of theIsopach of theUpper Bakken ShaleUpper Bakken Shale

10580 ft.10580 ft.



Bakken FormationBakken FormationUpper Shale MemberUpper Shale Member

• Lodgepole FormationLodgepole Formation– ConformableConformable– 900 ft thick900 ft thick– ““False Bakken”; Pelmatozoan LimestoneFalse Bakken”; Pelmatozoan Limestone– 5 major lithofacies representing a marine 5 major lithofacies representing a marine

transgressiontransgression


“False Bakken”



10562 ft.10562 ft.

Lodgepole Fm.Lodgepole Fm.False BakkenFalse Bakken

10564 10564 ft.ft.

Lodgepole Fm.Lodgepole Fm.Pelmatozoan LimestonePelmatozoan Limestone




• Depositional Environments/AgeDepositional Environments/Age– Stratified water column offshore, marine Stratified water column offshore, marine

environmentenvironment– Bakken ShalesBakken Shales

• Anoxic bottom conditionsAnoxic bottom conditions– Middle MemberMiddle Member

• Aerobic marine to marginal marine Aerobic marine to marginal marine conditionsconditions

– Devonian/MississippianDevonian/Mississippian

Depositional HistoryDepositional History

• Three Forks FormationThree Forks Formation– Shallow marine to terrestrial sedimentationShallow marine to terrestrial sedimentation

• Bakken FormationBakken Formation– TransgressionTransgression

• Shales – anoxic conditionsShales – anoxic conditions• Middle Member – normal, shallow marineMiddle Member – normal, shallow marine• Non-deposition/erosionNon-deposition/erosion

• Lodgepole FormationLodgepole Formation– Normal marine conditionsNormal marine conditions

Source Rock Source Rock PotentialPotential

• Total Organic Content – 0 to 40%Total Organic Content – 0 to 40%– Decrease towards depositional edgeDecrease towards depositional edge

• Kerogen Kerogen – 70-90% amorphous70-90% amorphous– 0-20% herbaceous0-20% herbaceous– 30% coaly30% coaly– 5% woody5% woody

• Formed in subaquatic oxygen-Formed in subaquatic oxygen-restricted environmentrestricted environment

Source Rock PotentialSource Rock Potential

• Hydrocarbon GenerationHydrocarbon Generation– Depth of 9000 ftDepth of 9000 ft– 100100oo C C

• Volume of Oil GeneratedVolume of Oil Generated– Up to 413 billion barrels (ND & MT)Up to 413 billion barrels (ND & MT)

Immature

Onset of Generation

IntenseGeneration

Source Rock Maturity ZonesSource Rock Maturity Zones

80 Producing Fields80 Producing Fields1.1. Red River FmRed River Fm2. Madison Fm 2. Madison Fm 3. Bakken Fm3. Bakken Fm4. Duperow Fm4. Duperow Fm5. Interlake Fm5. Interlake Fm

20 Fields produce(d) from the 20 Fields produce(d) from the Bakken FormationBakken Formation

Richland CountyRichland County

Bakken FormationBakken FormationRichand County, MTRichand County, MT

• HistoricallyHistorically – – 46 wells have produced from the 46 wells have produced from the BakkenBakken + a few commingled wells + a few commingled wells

• CurrentlyCurrently – – 31 wells reported production in 2000 31 wells reported production in 2000 Total production for 2000 = 145,323 Total production for 2000 = 145,323 bbls oilbbls oil

Richland Richland CountyCounty

1.1. 555 Wells Examined in555 Wells Examined inRichland CountyRichland County

2.2. Data Included:Data Included:1.1. Last Charles SaltLast Charles Salt2.2. Lower LodgepoleLower Lodgepole3.3. Bakken FormationBakken Formation4.4. Porosity zonePorosity zone5.5. Three Forks FormationThree Forks Formation6.6. Devonian Prairie SaltDevonian Prairie Salt

3.3. Combined with ExistingCombined with Existing ND DataND Data

Extent of DataExtent of Data

- 7500- 7400- 7300- 7200- 7100- 7000- 6900- 6800- 6700- 6600- 6500- 6400- 6300- 6200- 6100- 6000- 5900- 5800- 5700

Conto

ur

Inte

rval

ft

MontanaMontana North DakotaNorth Dakota

BLCS Structure MapBLCS Structure Map

?

Formation LimitsFormation Limits

MontanMontanaa

North DakotaNorth Dakota


UpperUpper

MiddleMiddle

LowerLower

Prairie Salt EdgePrairie Salt Edge

ft

0102030405060708090100110120130140

Isopach of the Bakken Isopach of the Bakken FormationFormation

MontanMontanaa


Conto

ur

Inte

rval

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Isopach of the Lower MemberIsopach of the Lower MemberBakken FormationBakken Formation

Conto

ur

Inte

rval

ft

MontanMontanaa


Bakken LimitBakken Limit

0

4

8

12

16

20

24

28

32

Isopach of the Upper MemberIsopach of the Upper MemberBakken FormationBakken Formation

MontanMontanaa


Conto

ur

Inte

rval

ft

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

North DakotaNorth DakotaMontanaMontana

Isopach of the Middle MemberIsopach of the Middle MemberBakken FormationBakken Formation

Conto

ur

Inte

rval

ft

Balcron Oil - #44-24 VairaBalcron Oil - #44-24 VairaSESE Sec. 24, T.24N., R.54E.SESE Sec. 24, T.24N., R.54E.

Neutron PorosityNeutron Porosity

DensityDensity PorosityPorosity

GRGR

Lodgepole Fm.Lodgepole Fm.


Bakken

Fm

.B

akken

Fm

. upper

middle

10

00

0

Bakken Middle MemberBakken Middle MemberPorosity ZonePorosity Zone

MontanaMontana NorthNorth DakotaDakota

Porosity Zone Porosity Zone ContoursContours

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

Conto

ur

Inte

rval

ft

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

Bakken Middle MemberBakken Middle MemberPrairie SaltPrairie Salt

MontanMontanaa


Prairie SaltPrairie Salt EdgeEdge

Conto

ur

Inte

rval

ft

PrairiePrairie SaltSalt

Bakken Middle MemberBakken Middle MemberPrairie SaltPrairie Salt

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

MontanaMontana NorthNorth DakotaDakota

Conto

ur

Inte

rval

ft

0

2

4

6

8

10

12 %

Conto

ur

Inte

rval

McKenzie

Co.Richland Co.

Middle MemberMiddle MemberPorosity ZonePorosity Zone

Contour Interval: 2 ft.Contour Interval: 2 ft.

0

4

8

12

16

20

Bakken Middle MemberBakken Middle MemberSandstone UnitSandstone Unit

Conto

ur

Inte

rval

ft

MontanMontanaa


McKenzie

Co.

Richland Co.

1060010600

Bakken

Fm

.B

akken

Fm

.

MiddleMiddleMbrMbr

UpperUpperShaleShale

GR Density Porosity

Neutron Porosity

Shell Oil Company - #12-6-44 Shell Oil Company - #12-6-44 U.S.A.U.S.A.

SENWNW Sec. 6-T.148N.-R.104WSENWNW Sec. 6-T.148N.-R.104W..


Lodgepole Fm.Lodgepole Fm.

Can the Bakken Play Can the Bakken Play Extend into North Dakota?Extend into North Dakota?

YES!YES!

• Production from the same intervalProduction from the same interval

• Mappable log characterisitics from MT Mappable log characterisitics from MT into NDinto ND

• Prominent trends illustrated on Bakken Prominent trends illustrated on Bakken mapsmaps

• Other intervals within the middle member Other intervals within the middle member that that have similar potentialshave similar potentials

Montana – North Dakota? Middle Member Bakken Play Julie A. LeFever North Dakota Geological Survey.

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Transcript of Montana – North Dakota? Middle Member Bakken Play Julie A. LeFever North Dakota Geological Survey.