Contents

Volume 1

v

vu

IX

X

XI

Xlll

DedicationPresident's ForewordEditors' PrefaceEditor's Preface to First EditionMonograph 19 CommitteeSir Maurice Maw by, CBE -an appreciation J.T. Ralph, AO

Chapter I: Background of the Australasian mining and metallurgical industry

Overview

Overview of the Australasian mining and metallurgical industry J .T .Ralph, AO

General papers

The national significance of the Australian mining and metallurgical J .-

industry

The national significance of the New Zealand mining and metallurgical

industryFinancing the Australian industry during the decade 1980-1990 --

International competitiveness and marketing practices in the Australianmining and metallurgical industry

Infrastructure and the community in the Australian mining and

metallurgical industry

Labour and productivity in the Australian mining and metallurgical

industry

Taxation and royalties in the Austra)ian mining and metallurgical

industry

Opportunities for further processing in the Australian mineral industry

3

L. Mclntosh

C.D. Ward 10

R.J. McDonald

R.J. Fynmore, AO

3

5

R. W. Perkinsand G .E. Morgan

N.A. Amos

20

24

c. T .Gibbons 29

R.J. Batterham 32

S.M. Richards 41

Chapter 2: General practices

Overview

Overview of general practices in the Australasian mining andmetallurgical industry

General papers

Ore reserve estimation in the Australasian mining industry 45

48

52

B.M. Robertsonand M. McC. Hunter

C.L. Smith

D.A. Scott

C.E. Clifford

G.J. Kennewelland D.S. Miller

A.J. Lynchand R.D. Morrison

56

61

Mine engineering in the Australian mining industry

Open pit production drilling practices in the Australasian mining

industry

U nderground production drilling in the Australasian mining industry

Explosives and blasting practices in the Australasian mining industry

Size reduction and size separation practices in Australasia 67

xv

rhe Australian bulk port system for minerals export R. Attwoodand J .H. Planner

J. Zubrinich

72

78

84P. Venton

p .A. Dann 86

M.J. Searle 87

D.J. O'Grady 89

c. Runge 90

T.A. Isokangasand B. White

G.P. Oeutsch

91

93

The role of project engineers in the Australasian mining andmetallurgical industry

Transportation and haulage

Transportation and haulage practices in the Australasian mineralindustry -slurry pipelines

Transportation and haulage practices in the Australasian mineralindustry -belt conveying

Transportation and haulage practices in the Australasian mineralindustry -export shipping

Transportation and haulage practices in the Australasian mineralindustry -rail haulage

Transportation and haulage practices in the Australasian mineralindustry -truck haulage

Transportation and haulage practices in the Australasian mineralindustry -underground systems

Transportation and haulage practices in the Australasian mineralindustry -shaft systems

Transportation and haulage practices in the Australasian mineralindustry -dragline excavation

I.C. Runge 95

Chapter 3: Environmental management practices and mine site rehabilitation

99

S.C. Ward,

G.C. Slessar,

and D.J. Glenister

A.H.K. Purnell

and D.C. Davis

I. Hore-Lacy

and P. Ruppin

J. Clarke

and J. Whitlock

G.H. White

BHP's approach to environment protection and mine rehabilitation

Environmental management practices of CRA Limited and associatedcompanies

Mining and environmental management in New Zealand 16

D.R. Brooksand F.M. Nicholls

H. Jones

R.A. Hanson

121

125

131

Environmental management practices of Western Mining CorporationLimited

Specific practices

Environmental management practices in the Australian mineralsands industry

Disposal of cyanide plant tailings and effluents in Australia

Environmental management practices at BHP New Zealand SteelLimited, Glenbrook, New Zealand

Environmental management and mine site rehabilitation in SouthAustralia

R. Mattiazzo 34

xvi

Overview

Overview of environmental resource management in the Australian R.A.G. Vinesmining and metallurgical industry and S.C. Ward

General papers

Environmental resource management practices of Alcoa of AustraliaLimited

L.C. Belland J.C. Hannan

K.M. Brodieand K.A. Mason

41Rehabilitation of open-cut coal mines in Queensland and New SouthWales

Environmental management at Waihi Gold Mining Company Limited,Waihi, New Zealand

A.J. Lynch 51

155

159

164

170

A.F. Reid

D.M. Muir

J .R. May

B.S. Hickrnan

Chapter 4: Research

Overview

An overview of Australian mining and metallurgical research inthe 1980s

Specific papers

Mining and metallurgical research in CSIRO

Mining and metallurgical research in Australian universities

Industrial and basic research in mining and metallurgy in Australia

Contract research and development in mining and metallurgy inAustralia

Research in mining and metallurgy in New Zealand W.E. Vanceand M.H. Buckenham

J. A vraamidesMining and metallurgical research in state Departments of Minesin Australia

Coal research in Australasia N .s. Bharucha 79

Chapter 5: Education and training

Overview

Overview of mining and metallurgical education in Australasia J .M. Rose

and J.T. Brady

185

w .1. Rankin 188

M.H. Buckenhamand W.E. Vance

M.A. Moramoro

L. Cupperand G. McGill

F. Lawson

D.M. Pollard

191

193

196

Specific papers

Tertiary education in Australia for the mining and metallurgical

industry

Tertiary education in New Zealand for the mining and metallurgical

industry

Tertiary education in Papua New Guinea for the mining industry

Skills training for the mining and metallurgical industry

200

202

Educating metallurgists in Australia

Continuing education in the Australian minerals industry

209

Chapter 6: Statistical outline of mineral and metal production

Statistical outline of the Australian mineral industry over the 19805 Mojo Roarty,

Ro Murray,

and j 0 Hogan

j of 0 AnckornStatistical outline of the New Zealand mineral industry , 1980-1990

Chapter 7: Iron ore

Overview

Overview of the iron ore industry: Twenty-five years of iron oredevelopments in Australia

M.A. O'Leary 231

xvii

Iron ore mining

Iron ore mining practice by BHP Iron Ore in Western Australia 237

Iron ore mining by BHP Steel -Long Products Division at Iron Knoband Iron Duke, SA

Iron ore mining and crushing by the Channar Mining J oint Venture,Channar, W A

I.R. Ash by,C.N. Bensley,

0. Mol,and H.A. Newman

R.B. Reid 245

C.J. Birkett,D.F. Alchin,

and A.R. Jackson

L.K. Tanand A.R. J ackson

C.J. Birkett

246

254

Iron ore mining by Hamersley Iron Pty Limited at Mount Tom Priceand Paraburdoo, W A

Proposed iron ore mining operations by Hamersley Iron Pty Limited atMarandoo, W A

Iron ore mining by Portman Mining Limited at Ferro Gully, W A A.J. Pearsonand R.J. McGregor

B. Oliver

257

260

B.C Povey

CoN 0 Bensley,

p 0 Kyle,

and KoN. Watters

LoKo Tan

and AoRo Jackson

RoJ 0 Laing

263

Iron ore mining practice of Robe River Iron Associates,Pannawonica, W A

Iron ore mining by Savage River Mines, Savage River, Tas

Iron ore crushing and screening

Iron ore crushing and screening practice at BHP Iron Ore operations inWestern Australia

274

Iron ore crushing and screening by Hamersley Iron Pty Limited atMount Tom Price and Paraburdoo, W A

Iron ore crushing and screening by Robe River Iron Associates,Cape Lambert, W A

Iron ore beneficiation

Iron ore beneficiation by BHP Iron Ore in Western Australia C.N. Bensley,K.L. Fenton,

and J. Turner

J .E. Petty

276

.T. Langenberg 284

D.R. Buistand C.J. Hogan

286

R.F. Haines 291

1.1. Wagin

C. W. Thompson

and M.G. Hoffmann

A.C. Spillett

293

296

Iron ore beneficiation by Hamersley Iron Pty Limited at Mount TomPrice, WA

Iron ore concentrator and pipeline operations of Savage River Mines,Savage River, Tas

Ironsand mining and concentrating operations of New Zealand SteelMining Limited at Waikato North Head and Taharoa

Iron ore pelletising and sintering

Recent pelletising practice at BHP Steel -Long Products Division,Whyalla, SA

Pellet plant practice at Savage River Mines, Port Latta, Tas

Sinter plant practice by BHP Steel -Rod and Bar Products Division,Newcastle, NSW

Sinter plant practice by BHP Steel -Slab and Plate Products Divisionat Port Kembla, NSW

299

J .H.J .Erkins

P.J. Dwyer

J.D. Triglone

313

319

R. Christmass

T .M. McCrackenand G.R. McGrechan

General papers

Safety at the Paraburdoo operations of Hamersley Iron Pty Limited,WA

The railway of Hamersley Iron Pty Limited between Paraburdoo andDampier, WA

Production, quality control, and the blending system of Hamersley IronPty Limited, Dampier, W A

Port operations of Hamersley Iron Pty Limited, Dampier, W A

New control system for the Mount Tom Price concentrator ofHamersley Iron Pty Limited

B. 325.oton

Chapter 8: Iron and steel

Overview

Australasia's well-positioned steelmakers: An overview of theAustralasian iron and steel industry

Ironmaking

Blast furnace practice at BHP Steel -Rod and Bar Products Division,Newcastle, NSWBlast furnace practice at BHP Steel -,-- -

Division, Port Kembla, NSW

Blast furnace practice at BHP Steel -T

Whyalla, SA

Ironmaking at BHP New Zealand Steel Limited, Glenbrook,New Zealand

SteelmakingSteelmaking practices at BHP Steel -r -

Newcastle, NSW

Go w. Fitzgerald 333

D. LathleanSlab and Plate Products 337

ong Products Division, R.F. Ward 344

B.F. Kelly 348

Rod and Bar Products Division, R. Hodyl,

W. Robson,

and D.A. Varcoe

C.L. CareySteelmaking practices at BHP Steel -Slab and Plate ProductsDivision, Port Kembla, NSW

Steelmaking practices at BHP Steel -Long Products Division,Whyalla, SA

Oxygen steelmaking at BHP New Zealand Steel Limited, Glenbrook,New Zealand

Electric steelmaking at Smorgon Steel, Laverton North, Vic

Electric steelmaking at BHP New Zealand Steel Limited, Glenbrook,New Zealand

Continuous casting

Continuous casting at BHP Steel -~Newcastle, NSW

Continuous casting at BHP Steel -Port Kembla, NSW

Continuous casting at BHP Steel -Whyalla, SA

T .c. Hansford

B.F. Kelly

A. Viera

B.F. Kelly

370

371

Rod and Bar Products Division, D.J. Trotter

Slab & Plate Products Division, R.J. Serje 377

K. Gregory 382Long Products Division,

Continuous steel casting at BHP New Zealand Steel Limited,Glenbrook, New Zealand

B.F. Kelly

xix

Research on continuous casting technology at BHP Research,Melbourne, Vic, and Newcastle, NSW

R.B. Mahapatra,

R.H. Davies,

and J.G. Herbertson

Long Products Division, Whyalla, D.A ,eech

Rolling mill practice

Rolling mill practice at BHP Steel -

SA

Flat products rolling at BHP Steel -Slab and Plate Products Division,Port Kembla, NSW

Reconstruction of the hot strip mill at BHP Steel, Port Kembla, NSW

Hot and cold rolling mill practice at BHP New Zealand Steel Limited,Glenbrook, New Zealand

Production of coated products by BHP Steel -,

Products Division

Production of coated products at BHP New Zealand Steel, Glenbrook,New Zealand

Pipe and wire manufacture

Steel pipe production by Tubemakers of Australia Limited,Newcastle, NSW

Wire manufacture in BHP Steel -

Division

General papers

New generation ironmaking process of HIsmelt Corporation PtyLimited, Kwinana, WA

Iron and steel foundry practice in Australia

Coke ovens practice

Coke ovens practice at BHP Steel -: -,Newcastle, NSW

Coke ovens practice at BHP Steel -",Port Kembla, NSW

Coke ovens practice at BHP Steel -TWhyalla, SA

Treatment of coke ovens effluent at BHP Steel -:~Products Division, Port Kembla, NSW

G.E. Woodand J .A. Hawes

G.E. Wood

D.B. Campbell 413

Sheet and Coil G. Harvey 416

N. Clark 423

J. Sams 427

Building & Industrial Products F.J. Harborne 431

B.L. Cusack 435

H.A. Stephens 438

Rod and Bar Products Division D. Eckersley 442

Slab and Plate Products Division R. McArdleand K. Dobie

J .S. Baggs

444

Long Products Division 447

Slab and Plate s. Webb 448

D.S. Carruthers

B.E. Hall 457

F.J. Leahy

Chapter 9: Lead-zinc-silver

Overview

Overview of the Australian lead-zinc-silver industry

Lead-zinc ore mining

Lead-zinc ore mining at the Isa mine of Mount Isa Mines Limited,Mount Isa, Qld

Lead-zinc ore mining by Mount Isa Mines Limited at the Hilton mine,Mount Isa, Qld

Lead-zinc ore mining at North mine of Pasminco Mining -BrokenHill, Broken Hill, NSW

Lead-zinc ore mining at the Southern Operations of Pasminco Mining-Broken Hill, Broken Hill, NSW

G. Wardle

P. Hickson

and M. Spreadborough

xx

Lead-zinc ore mining by Pasminco Mining Elura mine, Cobar, NSW W.R. Cannings,

1.1. Kelso,

and E.R. Williams

A.R. Thomas

473

477Lead-zinc ore mining by Pasminco Mining -Rosebery mine,Rosebery, Tas

Lead-zinc and copper ore mining by Woodlawn Mines at Tarago, NSW 480Wo Rossiterand So Jackson

A.B. Molinia

D.J. Lawrence

J .K. Hamiltonand J.T. Woodcock

L.J. Taylorand L.I. Rozman

J.D. Carmichael

482

491

Zinc-Iead-copper-silver ore mining by Aberfoyle Limited, Hellyer, Tas

Zinc-Iead ore mining at the Cadjebut mine, Cadjebut, W A

Zinc-copper ore mining by Murchison Zinc Company Pty Ltd at theScuddles mine, Golden Grove, W A

Zinc-copper-lead-silver ore mining at Thalanga Mine, near ChartersTowers, Qld

496

P.D. Munro

P. Rohner

J. Burgess

T. Watters 51

Zinc silicate ore mining by Pasminco Limited at Beltana-Aroona, SA

Lead-zinc ore concentration

Lead-zinc-silver ore concentration practice at the lead-zinc concentratorof Mount Isa Mines Limited, Mount Isa, Qld

Lead-zinc-silver ore concentration practice at the Hilton concentratorof Mount Isa Mines Limited, Mount Isa, Qld

Lead-zinc ore concentration practice at the North concentrator ofPasminco Mining -Broken Hill, Broken Hill, NSW

Lead-zinc ore concentration practice at the South concentrator ofPasminco Mining -Broken Hill, Broken Hill, NSW

Lead-zinc ore concentrator practice by Pasminco Limited, Elura mine,Cobar, NSW

Lead-zinc ore concentrator practice by Pasminco Mining -Rosebery ,Rosebery , T as

Lead-zinc ore concentration at the Woodcutters mine, NT

Copper-lead-zinc ore concentrator practice at Woodlawn Mines ofOenehurst Ltd, Tarago, NSW

N

P. Allen,

R. Jackman,

and R. Peck

.1. Krishnan 519

G. Lonsdale

P. Tilyard,

P. Bowen,

and R. Holborow

G.D. Richmond

B. Nash

J .K. Hamilton

and J.T. Woodcock

A.M. Breen

and R.W. Nice

P.J. Dowd

530

535

541

J. Burgess

R. Jackmanand P. Tilyard

552

Zinc-lead ore concentration by Aberfoyle Limited, Hellyer, Tas

Zinc-lead ore treatment at the Cadjebut mine, Cadjebut, W A

Zinc-copper ore treatment by Murchison Zinc Company Pty Ltd at theScuddles mine, Golden Grove, W A

Copper-lead-zinc ore concentration at Thalanga Mines, near ChartersTowers, Qld

Copper-zinc ore mining and treatment by the Benambra Mine JointVenture, Benambra, Vic

Lead-zinc retreatment

Retreatment of Freemans shaft dump material by Pasminco Mining -Broken Hill Operations, Broken Hill, NSW

Lead-zinc tailings retreatment at Woodlawn Mines of OenehurstLimited, Tarago, NSW

xxi

Lead smelting

Lead smelting at Mount Isa Mines Limited, Mount Isa, Qld K. Ramusand N. Clift

554

-BRAS at

and ]

Staff ofMetals -

Pt

Lead smelting and refining by Pasminco MetalsPort Pirie, SA

559

Lead-zinc smelting at Pasminco MetalsNewcastle, NSW

Sulphide Pty Limited, 563

Zinc production

Zinc production by Pasminco Metals BHAS at Port Pine, SA 569

573

578

R.S. Johnsonand R.K. Tyson

R. Gilmour

R. V. Pammenter

581M. W .Stevensonand K.R. Lane

J.P. England

A. Richardson

584

586

R.J. Moffatt

Electrolytic zinc production by Pasminco Metals -EZ, Risdon, Tas

Modernisation and expansion of the electrolytic zinc plant of PasmincoMetals -EZ, Risdon, Tas

Casting, alloying, and secondary recovery

Lead recovery and production from recycled lead scrap by AustralianRefined Alloys at Alexandria, NSW, and Laverton North, Vic

Zinc melting and alloying by Pasminco Metals -EZ, Risdon, Tas

Scrap zinc recycling at Challenge Metals & Technologies Limited, WestFootscray, Vic

Precious metals recovery

Precious metals recovery at Pasminco Metals -BHAS, Port Pirie, SA

Proposed operations

Century zinc deposit of CRA Limited, north west Queensland

588

J .K. Hamiltonand J.T. Woodcock

D.B. Beat tieand K. Leung

589

Proposed operations of McArthur River Mining Pty Ltd, McArthurRiver, NT

591

Sir Bruce Watson 595

598

Chapter 10: Copper

Overview

Overview of the Australasian copper industry

Copper ore mining

Copper ore mining at Bougainville Copper Limited, Panguna, PapuaNew Guinea

Copper-lead-zinc ore mining at Cobar Mines Pty Limited, Cobar, NSW 602

606

J .K. Hamilton

and J.T. Woodcock

R. W .Haskard

and W. W. Chaplain

W. Loxton

T. Daw

B.E. Hall

p .J .E. Harper

609

612

617

M. Van Leuven 620

Copper-gold-silver ore mining at Horseshoe Gold Mine Project,Horseshoe, W A

Copper ore mining by the Moonta Mining Joint Venture, Moonta, SA

Copper ore mining at Mount Isa Mines Limited, Mount Isa, Qld

Copper ore mining at The Mount Lyell Mining & Railway CompanyLimited, Queenstown, Tas

Mining of copper-uranium-gold ore at The Olympic Dam JointVenture, Roxby Downs, SA

xxii

Go Saint,

J .Eo Legg,

M. Pizzey

Pasminco

Sulphidey Limited

Mining of copper-gold ore by the Selwyn Joint Venture, Selwyn, Qld R. MacLeod-Carey,B.R. Ruffles,

and C.G. Desoe

K.E. Stapleton 631Copper ore mining at Ok Tedi Mining Limited, Ok Tedi, PapuaNew Guinea

Copper-gold ore mining at Red Dome Pty Ltd, Red Dome, Qld A.G. Scottand K.J. Grobs

J.K. Hamiltonand J.T. Woodcock

H.J. Boughenand W.G. Gosling

I. Lumsdaineand S.M. O'Hare

V. McLaglen

649

652

J .w .Geoghegan 654

A.S.M. Vonk 656

659G. Greenhill

and T. Daw

J.K. England 661

R. Pleysier 666

p .A. Clay 669

G.J. Hill

C.A. Brown

R.C. Bush

M. Shermanand D. Engelhardt

672

675

681

Copper concentrator practice

Copper ore treatment at Bougainville Copper Limited, Panguna, PapuaNew Guinea

Copper-lead-zinc concentrator practice at Cobar Mines Pty Limited,Cobar, NSW

Copper concentrator practice at Mount Isa Mines Limited,Mount Isa, Qld

Copper concentrator practice at the Warrego plant of Poseidon GoldLimited, Tennant Creek, SA

Copper concentrator practice at The Mount Lyell Mining & RailwayCompany Limited, Queenstown, Tas

Copper concentrator practice at The Olympic Dam Joint Venture,Roxby Downs, SA

Copper ore concentration by the Moonta Mining Joint Venture,Kadina, SA

Copper concentrator practice at Ok Tedi Mining Limited, Ok Tedi,Papua New Guinea

Copper-gold-silver concentrator practice at the Horseshoe Gold MineProject, Horseshoe, W A

Copper and gold ore treatment at Triako Resources Ltd, Mineral Hill, NSW

Copper-gold ore treatment

Copper-gold ore treatment at Boddington Gold Mine, Boddington, W A

Copper-gold ore treatment at Red Dome Pty Ltd, Red Dome, Qld

Copper-gold ore treatment at the Selwyn Joint Venture, Selwyn, Qld

Gold-copper ore treatment at the Telfer mine, Telfer, WA

I. Lumsdaineand S.M. O'Hare

690

695

E. Mounsey

C.R. Fountain,J .M.I. Tuppurainen,and N .R. Whitworth

B. Andrews

Copper slag treatment

Copper converter slag treatment at Mount Isa Mines Limited,Mount Isa, Qld

Copper smelting

Copper smelting practice at Mount Isa Mines Limited, Mount Isa, Qld

Operation of the Copper Isasmelt plants at Mount Isa Mines Limited,Mount Isa, Qld

Copper smelting practice at Southern Copper Limited, Port Kembla,NSW

700

Copper smelting at The Olympic Dam Joint Venture, Roxby Downs, SA M. Rodriguez

xxiii

Copper refining

Copper refining practice at Copper Refineries Pty Ltd, Townsville, Qld D.W. Hoeyand B.J. O'Rourke

B. Andrews

A.C. Culf 715

717K.F. Bamptonand N .F .Winzar

D. Readett 72

J .H. Treloar ,

and R.E. Wilmshurst

A.S.M. Vonk

Copper refining practice at Southern Copper Limited, Port Kembla,NSW

Copper refining practice at The Olympic Dam Joint Venture,Roxby Downs, SA

Copper leaching and recovery

Copper recovery by heap leaching and cementation by AdelaideChemical Company Limited, Mount Gunson, SA

Copper recovery by heap leaching, solvent extraction, andelectrowinning at Mount Isa Mines Limited, Mount Isa, Qld

Copper recovery by in situ leaching, solvent extraction, andelectrowinning by Gunpowder Copper Ltd, Gunpowder, Qld

Copper leaching and solvent extract at The Olympic Dam JointVenture, Roxby Downs, SA

Copper production from matte at Pasminco Metals -BRAS,Port Pirie, SA

732R.K. Tyson,N .E. Meadows,

and A.D. Pavlich

D.P. FitzgibbonsCopper sulphate production at Pasminco Metals -Sulphide PtyLimited, Newcastle, NSW

Copper semi-fabrication

Outline of the Australasian copper semi-fabrication industry

Copper semi-fabrication at Copper Refineries Pty Ltd, Townsville, Qld

J .R. Trengove

A.I. Pirvics,

and B.J. O'Rourke

J.C. Bitcon

W.G. Crouch,

K.R. Malcolm,

and J .W .Stewart

738

741

Copper semi-fabrication at Extruded Metals Pty Ltd, Maidstone, Vic

Copper semi-fabrication at MM Metals, Port Kembla, NSW

T. Barlow

R. Baker

K.B. McDonaldand R. Mandla

F .D. O'Keefe

749

750

Chapter 11: Aluminium

Ove",ieH'

Overview of the Australasian aluminium industry

Bauxite mining

Bauxite mining by Alcoa of Australia Ltd in Western Australia

Bauxite mining and beneficiation by Comalco Aluminium Ltd, at

Weipa, Qld

Bauxite mining by Nabalco Pty Limited at Gove, NT

Bauxite mining by Worsley Alumina Pty Ltd at Boddington, W A R.A. Hinde

and D.M. Marantelli

756

D.M. Debney

J. Goumaand A. Bhasin

G.R. Skiba

Alumina production

Alumina production by Alcoa of Australia Ltd in Western Australia

Alumina production by Nabalco Pty Limited at Gove, NT

Alumina production by Queensland Alumina Limited, atGladstone, Qld

xxiv

Alumina production by Worsley Alumina Pty Ltd at W orsley , W A F.N. Newchurch,T.J. Galloway,

and K.E. Moretto

769

Aluminium smelting

Aluminium smelting by Alcan Australia Ltd at Kurri Kurri, NSW

Aluminium smelting by Alcoa of Australia Ltd at Point Henry , Vic 774

L. Delage

L.B. Daveyand P.J.F. Jamieson

D.E. Ford

D.A. Harrisonand J.M. Jarvis

B. Hartley

776

779

781

Aluminium smelting by Boyne Smelters Limited at Gladstone, Qld

Aluminium smelting by Comalco Aluminium (Bell Bay) Limited atBell Bay, Tas

Aluminium smelting by New Zealand Aluminium Smelters Limited atTiwai Point, near Invercargill, New Zealand

Aluminium smelting by Portland Aluminium, Portland, Vic D. Juddand R. Moore

G.R. Taylor

783

786

B.A. Hall

A.A. Smith 790

792

793

W.G. Osbornand P.J.F. Jamieson

D.R. Grant

P.D. Wand 794

Aluminium smelting by Tomago Aluminium Company Pty Limited,Tomago, NSW

Aluminium alloying and semi-jabrication

Aluminium alloying and casting by Tomago Aluminium Company PtyLimited, Tomago, NSW

Aluminium semi.fabrication at Alcan Australia Limited in Australiaand New Zealand

Aluminium semi.fabrication by Alcoa Rolled Products atPoint Henry , Vic

Aluminium extrusion operations of Comalco Aluminium Ltd, ExtrudedProducts Division, Yennora, NSW

Aluminium rolling operations of Comalco Rolled Products, Yennora,NSW

Aluminium semi-fabrication operations of Comalco-CHH Aluminium,Auckland, New Zealand

R.G. Baldwin 796

XXXIX

xliii

Chapter 21: Indexes

Author index to volumes I and 2

Subject index to volumes I and 2

xxv

Volume 2

v

VII

IX

X

DedicationPresident's ForewordEditors' PrefaceEditor's Preface to First EditionMonograph 19 CommitteeSir Maurice Maw by, CBE -an appreciation J.T. Ralph, AO XIII

H.M. Morgan, AO

p .A.R. Odd

and R.J. Hardy

C. Obschonka

W .H. Myckatyn

P. Morriss

G.J. Andrewartha

804

812

819

M. Gloyne

B. Mackenzieand N. Carroll

P. Payneand L. Kirk

P. Secker

823

828

831

835

Chapter 12: Gold

Overview

Overview of the Australasian gold industry

Major gold ore mining operations

Gold ore mining and ore treatment operations of Asarco AustraliaLimited at Wiluna, W A

Gold ore mining at the Bellevue Gold Project, Sir Samuel, W A

Gold ore mining at Big Bell Mines Pty Limited, Cue, W A

Gold ore mining at Boddington Gold Mine, Boddington, W A

Gold ore mining at Central Norseman Gold Corporation Limited,Norseman, WA

Gold ore mining by Dominion Mining Limited at Cosmo Howley, NT

Gold ore mining by Dominion Mining Limited at Meekatharra goldoperations, W A

Gold ore mining by Dominion Mining Limited and Morgans GoldMines Limited at Mount Morgans, W A

Gold ore mining underground at Emperor Gold Mining Company Ltd,

Vatukoula, Fiji

Gold-silver ore mining at the Golden Cross project, Waihi,New Zealand

B. Lloydand T. Maton

M.F. Wills

I.M. Suckling

M. Cutifani

837

839

841

844

Staff of KambaldaGold Operations

F .1. Tullemans,R. W. McLellan,

and A. W. Burgess

1.C. de Vries

Gold ore mining by Hedges Gold Pty Ltd, near Boddington, W A

Gold ore mining by Hill 50 Gold Mine NL at Mount Magnet, W A

Gold ore mining at Kalgoorlie Consolidated Gold Mines Pty Ltd,Kalgoorlie, W A

Gold ore mining at Kambalda Gold Operations of Western MiningCorporation Limited, Kambalda, W A

Gold ore mining at Kidston Gold Mines Ltd, Kidston, Qld 856

866P. Hepbum-Brown

and N. Aoukar

R.M. Weston

Gold ore mining at the Lancefield gold mine of Western MiningCorporation Limited, Lancefield, W A

Gold ore mining at Leinster Gold Operations of Western MiningCorporation Limited, Leinster, W A

Gold ore mining by Macraes Mining Company Limited, Macraes Flat,New Zealand

Gold-silver ore mining at Misima Mines Pty Ltd, Misima Island, PapuaNew Guinea

D.W. Zandee

xxvi

Gold ore mining at Mt Leyson Gold Mines Limited, Mt Leyshon, Qld Staff of Mt LeyshonGold Mines Limited

M. Turner

873

876

M.N. Wyburn

Staff of PancontinentalMining Limited

R.H. Oaviesand G. Jackson

S. Reid

880

883

Gold ore mining by New crest Mining Limited at the New Celebrationmine, Kalgoorlie, W A

Gold ore mining by North Flinders Mines Ltd at The Granites, NT

Gold ore mining at the Paddington mine of PancontinentalGoldmining Areas Pty Ltd, Kalgoorlie, W A

Gold ore mining by Peak Gold Mines Pty Limited, Cobar, NSW 886

890

B. Davis 892

p .B. Hills

and W.G. Gearing

M.F. Whitham

N.K. Bergin

897

910

Gold ore mining by Placer (Granny Smith) Pty Limited atLaverton, W A

Gold ore mining at Plutonic Gold Mine of Plutonic OperationsLimited, Plutonic, W A

Gold ore mining by Porgera Joint Venture at Porgera, PapuaNew Guinea

Gold ore mining at the Telfer gold mine, Telfer, W A

Gold ore mining at Waihi Gold Mining Company Limited, Waihi,New Zealand

Proposed gold ore mining and treatment operations at the Lihir IslandProject, New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea

R.R. Dimock,C.J. Carter,J.R. Forth,

H. Hoogvliet,W.L. Jacobsen,V.J. Ketcham,

T .1. Probert,K.F. Thiel,

D.L. Watson,and Z.M. Zavodni

913

Medium-size gold mining operations

Gold ore mining practice in 1991 at medium-size gold mines inAustralia

923D.S. Tyrwhitt,V.K. Randell,

and J .R. Barrett

935

937

939

S.M. Findlay

A. Orloff

G.J. Hill

K. Graham

J.G. Bower

M. Gloyne

H. Holle

R. Jonasand K. Hecht

A. Loosley

946

951

Major gold ore treatment operations

Gold ore treatment at the Bellevue Gold Project, Sir Samuel, W A

Gold ore treatment at Big Bell Mines Pty Limited, Cue, W A

Gold ore treatment at Boddington Gold Mine, Boddington, W A

Gold ore treatment at the Bounty mine, Forrestania, W A

Gold ore treatment at Central Norseman Gold Corporation Limited,Norseman, WA

Gold ore treatment by Dominion Mining Limited at Cosmo Howley, NT

Gold ore treatment by Dominion Mining Limited at Meekatharra, W A

Gold ore treatment by Dominion Mining Limited and Morgans GoldMines Limited, at Mount Morgans, W A

Gold ore treatment at Emperor Gold Mining Company Ltd,Vatukoula, Fiji

Gold-silver ore treatment at the Golden Cross project, Waihi, NewZealand

B. Burdettand D. Wolfenden

xxvii

Gold ore treatment by Goldfan Ltd at Three Mile Hill, Coolgardie, W A 958

Gold ore treatment by Hedges Gold Pty Ltd, near Boddington, W A

Gold ore treatment by Hill 50 Gold Mine NL at Mount Magnet, W A

962

963

A.R. Baxand A.C. Bax

M.F. Wills

I. Dunlopand R. Mirfield

M. Cutifani 966

R. Clarke 977

T.M. Needham

F.W. Brown

982

985

B.D. Jilbert

and C. T .Reddell

K.M. Hollis,

P.J. Allen,

and M.D. Cadzow

D.W. Zandee

QR7

Gold ore treatment at Kalgoorlie Consolidated Gold Mines Pty Ltd,Kalgoorlie, W A

Gold ore treatment at St Ives plant of Kambalda Gold Operations ofWestern Mining Corporation Limited, Kambalda, W A

Gold ore treatment at Kidston Gold Mines Ltd, Kidston, Qld

Gold ore treatment at Lancefield Gold Operations of Western MiningCorporation Limited, Windarra, W A

Gold ore treatment at Leinster Gold Operations of Western MiningCorporation Limited, Leinster, W A

Gold ore treatment by Macraes Mining Company Limited, MacraesFlat, New Zealand

989

993

D.A. Faulkner 996

Mitchell

J.T. Skrypniuk

T. Owenand R.W. Nice

R.H. Daviesand E. Artone

G. Butcher

1005

1008

Gold-silver ore treatment at Misima Mines Pty Ltd, Misima Island,Papua New Guinea

Gold ore treatment at Mt Leyshon Gold Mines Limited,Mt Leyshon, Qld

Gold ore treatment by New crest Mining Limited at the NewCelebration mine, Kalgoorlie, W A

Gold ore treatment by North Flinders Mines Ltd at The Granites, NT

Gold ore treatment at the Paddington mine of PancontinentalGoldmining Areas Pty Ltd, Kalgoorlie, W A

Gold ore treatment at Peak Gold Mines Pty Limited, Cobar, NSW

1015

D. Pass

c. Larmour

M. Hodgens

A. Cameron

1027

1032

Gold ore treatment by Placer (Granny Smith) Pty Limited atLaverton, WA

Gold ore treatment at Plutonic Gold Mine of Plutonic OperationsLimited, Plutonic, W A

Gold ore treatment by the Porgera Joint Venture, Porgera, PapuaNew Guinea

Oxide gold ore treatment at the Telfer Gold Mine, Telfer, WA

Gold ore treatment at Waihi Gold Mining Company Limited, Waihi,New Zealand

Medium size gold ore treatment operations

Gold ore treatment at medium-size Australian gold plants G.J. Sparrowand J.T. Woodcock

R.A. Pyper

M. Sherman,

R. Dunne,

and T. Conway

Dump and heap leaching

Heap leaching of gold ores in Australia

Gold dump leaching at the Telfer gold mine, Telfer, W A

xxviii

G. Oavison

c. Morrissey

Gold heap leaching by Perseverance Mining Pty Limited atNagambie, Vic

Gold heap leaching by Central Kalgoorlie Gold Mines NL,Bullabulling, W A

Alluvial mining and treatment

Alluvial gold mining and treatment in New Zealand J.C. Braithwaiteand A.P. Jury

D.J. Young

J. McCowan

and M. White

M.C. Costello 1091

D. Trainor

C. Chadjilazarou 1097

S.G. Hodgeand M.G. Ryan

B. Andrews

The new gold dredge and operations of Grey River Gold MiningLimited, Greymouth, New Zealand

General gold treatment practices

An engineering view of developments and innovation in Australiangold ore treatment

Gold electrowinning from CIP eluates in Australasia

Gold refining

Gold refining at Australian Gold Refineries, Perth and Kalgoorlie, W A

Precious metals refining at Johnson Mat they (Aust) Ltd, Melbourne,Vic

Gold refining by Golden West Refining Corporation Limited, Kewdale,Perth, W A

Gold and silver recovery from copper anode slimes at Southern CopperLimited, Port Kembla, NSW

Gold and silver recovery from copper anode slimes at The OlympicDam Joint Venture, Roxby Downs, SA

s. Hall

A.J. Grey

S.J. Hall

A.J. Bruce

D. Holly

14

18

A.D. Fudge

S.J. Hall

V.G. Beniuk

K. O'Keefe

127

129

135

Kwang Ho Ok

V.G. Beniuk

Kwang Ho Ok

Chapter 13: Tin-tungsten-tantalum

Overview

Overview of the Australasian tin-tungsten-tantalum industry

Tin, tungsten, and tantalum ore mining

Tantalum ore mining by Pan West Tantalum Pty Ltd at Wodgina, W A

Tin ore mining at Renison Limited, Renison Bell, Tas

Tantalum-tin ore mining at Greenbushes mine of Gwalia ConsolidatedLimited, Greenbushes, W A

Tungsten ore mining at King Island Scheelite, Grassy, King Island, Tas

Tin, tungsten, and tantalum ore treatment

Tantalum ore treatment by Pan West Tantalum Pty Ltd at Wodgina, W A

Tin ore concentrator practice at Renison Limited, Renison Bell, Tas

Tantalum-tin ore processing at Greenbushes mine of GwaliaConsolidated Limited, Greenbushes, W A

Tungsten ore treatment by King Island Scheelite, Grassy,King Island, Tas

Tin and tungsten concentrate leaching

Tin concentrate leaching at Renison Limited, Renison Bell, Tas

Tungsten concentrate leaching by King Island Scheelite, Grassy,King Island, Tas

xxix

Tantalum-tin smelting

Tantalum-tin smelting at Greenbushes mine of Gwalia Consolidated

Limited, Greenbushes, W A

B. Shelley

R. Knight

M Danielson 1160

A. Fitzpatrick 1163

B.R. Olver

R.K. Edwards

165

Chapter 14: Uranium

Overview

Overview of the Australasian uranium industry

Uranium ore mining

Uranium ore mining at Ranger Uranium Mines Pty Ltd, Jabiru, NT

Uranium ore treatment

Uranium recovery from uranium-copper ore at The Olympic DamJoint Venture, Roxby Downs, SA

Uranium ore treatment at Queensland Mines Ltd, Nabarlek, NT

Uranium ore processing at Ranger Uranium Mines Pty Ltd, Jabiru, NT 1168

Sir Arvi Parboand M. Elias

Chapter 15: Nickel-cobalt

Overview

Overview of the Australian nickel-cobalt industry

180

w. Ozga

and J.S. Reeve

P. Hepburn-Brown

R. Larke 1183

M. Gray 185

P.J. Wright 189

F.W. Brown

J.G. Reid

A.G. Hunt

Nickel ore mining

Nickel ore mining at Kambalda Nickel Mines of Western MiningCorporation Limited, Kambalda, W A

Nickel ore mining at Leinster Nickel Operations of Western MiningCorporation Limited, Leinster, W A

Nickel ore mining by Western Mining Corporation Limited atWindarra, W A

Nickel ore treatment

Nickel ore treatment at Kambalda Nickel Mines of Western MiningCorporation Limited, Kambalda, W A

Nickel ore concentration at Leinster Nickel Operations of WesternMining Corporation Limited, Leinster, W A

Nickel ore concentration at Windarra Nickel Operations of WesternMining Corporation Limited, Windarra, W A

Nickel-cobalt laterite ore treatment by Queensland Nickel Pty Ltd,

Yabulu, Qld

Nickel smelting

Nickel smelting at the Kalgoorlie nickel smelter of Western MiningCorporation Limited

Nickel matte refining

Nickel matte refining at the Kwinana, W A, refinery of Western MiningCorporation Limited

B.F. Wishaw

Chapter 16: Other metals

Overview

Overview of other metals in Australia M.J. Roarty

xxx

R.J. Moffatt

Antimony

Antimony recovery and lead alloy production at Pasminco MetalsBHAS, Port Pirie, SA

Cadmium

Cadmium production at Pasminco Metals -EZ, Risdon, Tas

1219

1221

O.M.G. Newman,

R.M. Groenewoud,

and Ro W. Adams

Go Saint

WoOo Burgess

BHAS, Port Pirie, SA

-Sulphide Pty Limited

Cadmium recovery by Pasminco Metals -

Cadmium production by Pasminco Metals -,Newcastle, NSW

Ferro alloys

Ferro alloy production at Tasmanian Electro Metallurgical CompanyPty Ltd, Bell Bay, Tas

J. Bourke,

S. Ganguly,

and D. Retallick

D. Turnbull 227

1230p .1. Christison

A.J. Pearsonand W. Holly

T. Taylor

1234

Manganese

Manganese ore mining at Groote Eylandt Mining Company Pty Ltd,Groote Eylandt, NT

Manganese ore beneficiation at Groote Eylandt Mining Company PtyLtd, Groote Eylandt, NT

Manganese ore mining and treatment by Portman Mining Limited atWoodie Woodie, W A

Electrolytic manganese dioxide production by Australian ManganeseCompany Limited, Newcastle, NSW

Selenium

Selenium production at Pasminco Metals -Sulphide Pty Limited,Newcastle, NSW

Selenium recovery at Southern Copper Limited, Port Kembla, NSW

Silicon

Silicon production by Simcoa Operations Pty Ltd at Kemerton, W A

P.T. Wills 1238

B. Andrews

J.G. Brosnan

and D.M. Spratt

1241

Vanadium

Vanadium recovery at BHP New Zealand Steel Limited, Glenbrook,New Zealand

B.F. Kelly 1245

C. McC. Anderson 1251

H.A. Hutcheson

Staff of ConsolidatedRutile Limited

Staff of MineralDeposits Limited

Chapter 17: Mineral sands

Overview

Overview of the Australian mineral sands industry

Mineral sands mining and wet plants

Mineral sands mining and wet plants of Cable Sands (W A) Pty Ltd,Bunbury , W A

Mineral sands mining and wet plants of Consolidated Rutile Ltd,North Stradbroke Island, Qld

Mineral sand mining and wet plant of Mineral Deposits Ltd atStockton, NSW

xxxi

M. Gill

P. Hinner

I.J. Clarke 1274

H.A. Hutcheson 1277

Staff of ConsolidatedRutile Limited

Staff of MineralDeposits Ltd

V. Lee

1280

K. Mayesand M. Leggett

M.A. Gerrnain

D. yon Horn

P.W. Gazzardand S.A. Gomm

1294

1298

I. W .George

Mineral sands mining and wet plant of RGC Mineral Sands Ltd,Capel, W A

Mineral sands dredging and wet plant of Tiwest J oint Venture,Cooljarloo, W A

Mineral sands mining and wet plants of Westralian Sands Ltd inWestern Australia

Dry mineral sands separation

Dry mineral sands separation plant of Cable Sands (W A) Pty Ltd,Bunbury,WA

Dry heavy mineral sands processing mill of Consolidated RutileLimited, Pinkenba, Qld

Dry mineral sands separation plant of Mineral Deposits Ltd at HawksNest, NSW

Dry mineral sands separation plant of RGC Mineral Sands Ltd,Capel, W A

Dry mineral sands separation plant of RGC Mineral Sands Limited,Eneabba, W A

Dry mineral sands separation plant of RZM Pty Ltd, Tomago, NSW

Dry mineral separation plant of Tiwest Joint Venture, Chandala, W A

Dry mineral sands separation plant of Westralian Sands Limited,Capel, W A

Synthetic rutile

Synthetic fUtile operations of RGC Mineral Sands Limited at Capeland Narngulu, WA

Synthetic fUtile production at Tiwest Joint Venture, Chandala, W A S.J. Mackowskiand B.J. Reaveley

N .R. Strange

311R.F. Lee

C.J. Blacklow

p .A. Bibby

E. Lovett

Synthetic fUtile production at Westralian Sands Ltd, North Capel, W A

Titanium dioxide pigment

Titanium dioxide pigment production by SCM Chemicals Ltd,Kemerton, W A

Titanium dioxide pigment production at Tioxide Australia Pty Ltd,Burnie, Tas

Titanium dioxide pigment production by Tiwest Joint Venture,Kwinana, W A

Proposed operations

Proposed ilmenite recovery operations of North Broken Hill PekoLimited, Barry town, New Zealand

Proposed mineral sands mining and concentrating operations ofMineral Deposits Ltd at Beenup, W A

Staff of MineralDeposits Ltdand D. Lean

J .K. Hamiltonand J.T. Woodcock

Mineral sands prospect of Wimmera Industrial Minerals Pty Ltd, nearHorsham, Vic

Chapter 18: Industrial minerals

Overview

Overview of industrial minerals production in Australia N. Jackson

xxxii

General mineral production

Industrial minerals production by Commercial Minerals Limited in

AustraliaM.F. FIaveI,

T .P .Madsen,B.J. Murphy,

C. Toye,R. WhiteIock,and R. FIook

333

L.C. Barnes 337

K.B. McDonald

and R. Mandla

1340

Barite

Barite production by Commercial Minerals Limited at Oraparinna,Dunbar, and Quom, SA

Bauxite ( calcined)

Production of calcined bauxite by Comalco Aluminium Ltd at

Weipa, Qld

Construction material

Production of construction material in New South Wales S.N. Coundourisand P.H.I. West

A.J. Happy

A.M. Painand R.E. Mathews

P. Allan

1343

1345

1348

Production of construction material in New Zealand

Production of construction material in South Australia

1351

c. Wyndham

R.J. Griffin

1352

1356

Production of construction material and industrial minerals inTasmania

Production of construction material in Victoria

Production of construction material in Western Australia

Dolomite

Dolomite production by BHP Steel -Long Products Division atArdrossan, SA

Feldspar

Feldspar production by Commercial Minerals Limited in WesternAustralia

Fluorite

Proposed fluorite and aluminium fluoride production operations ofElmina N.L. at Speewah and Kwinana, WA

Glass sands

Glass sand production by ACI Industrial Minerals Division in Australia

R. T. Bennett

c. Toye

K.A. Rogers 1361

J. AIste

and B. Pitt

A. Temperley

1365

M.G. Townsend

A. Sonego

Glass sand production by Cape Flattery Silica Mines Pty Ltd,

Cape Flattery , Qld

Halloysite clay

Halloysite clay production by New Zealand China Clays Ltd atMatauri Bay, New Zealand

Kaolin

Industrial clay production by Commercial Minerals Limited inAustralia

Mining and production of paper coating grade kaolin by ComalcoAluminium Ltd at Weipa, Qld

R. Mandla

xxxiii

T. BaileyKaolin production at Kaolin Australia Pty Ltd, Pit tong, Vic

Limestone

Limestone production in Australia F.L. Vealand J.H. Teague

1385

B.F. Hill 1388

G.J. Weekesand A.C. Robertson

393

D.N. Collen 1396

D.J. Kingsnorthand T.N. Chan

C.H. Thomas

R.J. Long

1406

1410

R. Long

K. 1414Gilbert

J. Flemming 417

J. Flemming 419

Magnesite

Magnesite and magnesia production by Queensland Magnesia(Operations) Pty Ltd at Kunwarara and Rockhampton, Qld

Magnetite

Magnetite production by Commercial Minerals Limited in Queenslandand New South Wales

Phosphates

Phosphatic fertiliser manufacture in Australia

Rare earths

Proposed rare earths production from the Mount Weld, W A, deposit ofAshton Rare Earths Limited

Salt

Salt production by Cargill Australia Limited at Port Hedland, W A

Solar salt production by Dampier Salt (Operations) Pty Limited,Dampier, WA

Solar salt production by Dampier Salt (Operations) Pty Limited,Lake MacLeod, W A

Salt production by Penrice Soda Products Pty Ltd at Dry Creek, SA

Spodumene

Mining of spodumene ore at the Greenbushes Mine of GwaliaConsolidated Limited, Greenbushes, W A

Treatment of spodumene ore at the Greenbushes Mine of GwaliaConsolidated Limited, Greenbushes, W A

Sulphur

Sulphur and sulphuric acid production in Australia D.G. Butterworthand J .S. Pulsford

422

M.F. Flavel 1426

T.F. Monks

D. Isac

Talc

Talc production by Commercial Minerals Limited at Gumeracha andMount Fit ton, SA

Talc production by Gwalia Consolidated Ltd at Mount Seabrook, W A

Talc production by Three Springs Talc Operations of Western MiningCorporation Ltd, Three Springs, W A

Zeolite

Zeolite production from the Escott mine of Mount Gipps Limited,Werris Creek, NSW

P.G. Flood,W.T. Marx

and C.L. Roberts

431

D.S. Karpin 1437

Chapter 19: Diamond and other gems

Overview

Overview of the Australasian diamond and gemstone industry

xxxiv

Diamond

Hard rock diamond mining at Argyle Diamond Mines Pty Ltd,Argyle, W A

D. Yates,D. Matthews,

and S. Deakin

M. McCrackenand T. Major

D. Reeves

1449

W.A. Hut ton

B. Hancock

BoN 0 Thompson

l.Jo Townsend

IoJo Townsend

and J oLo Keeling

DoCo Laurence

Diamond mining by Poseidon Bow River Diamond Mine Limited, BowRiver, W A

Alluvial diamond mining and recovery operations at Argyle DiamondMines Pty Ltd, Argyle, W A

Diamond recovery from lamproite ore at Argyle Diamond Mines PtyLimited, Argyle, W A

Diamond ore treatment by Poseidon Bow River Diamond MineLimited, Bow River, W A

Other gems

Gem minerals in New Zealand

Jade mining and production in South Australia

Opal mining in Australia

1469

1472

Sapphire mining and production in the New England region, NSW

L. Clifford

R.D. Lama

J. Sleeman

C.A. Bacon

I.S. McIntosh

T.C. McGiddy

B.L. Grieve

E. Waghorne

T .M. Earley

K. Pitts

D.J. Hayand P.J.F. Jamieson

I. McLeod

1517

1520

1527

1533

1545

1549

M. Pretor

M.M. Williamson

B. Boyle

1551

1555

Chapter 20: Coal

Overview

Overview of the Australasian coal mining industry

Underground coal mining

Underground black coal mining in New South Wales

Underground coal mining in Queensland

Coal mining and preparation in Tasmania

Open cut coal mining

Coal mining in New Zealand

Open cut black coal mining in New South Wales

Open cut coal mines in Queensland

Brown coal mining in the Latrobe Valley, Vic

Open cut coal mining at Leigh Creek, SA

Open cut coal mining at Collie, Western Australia

Open cut brown coal mining by Alcoa of Australia Ltd, atAnglesea, Vic

Open cut brown coal mining by Maddingley Brown Coal Company,Bacchus Marsh, Vic

Coal preparation

Coal preparation in New South Wales

Coal preparation in Queensland

Coal & Allied Operations Pty Ltd integrated coal-water mixture (CWM)

development

xxxv

567

571

and 2

and 2

Chapter 21: Indexes

Author index to volumes

Subject index to volumes

xxxvi