Monitoring of b irds of European i mportance Methods in Bavaria Prof. Dr. Volker Zahner
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Transcript of Monitoring of b irds of European i mportance Methods in Bavaria Prof. Dr. Volker Zahner
Monitoring of birds of European importance
Methods in Bavaria
Prof. Dr. Volker Zahner
Bird monitoring methodsin SPAs
• Monitoring goals• What is monitored?
– Target species– Area ranking
• How do we monitor?– Area selection– Design
• rare species• large scale• small scale (+ modelling)
– forest inventory
• Evaluation– Species in the forest and non-forest habitats
Monitoring goals
• Important • Bird• Areas
• Special • Protection• Areasby Directive
Goals:• Conserve our natural heritage• Protect viable populations of bird species
(Annex I)
Instruments:• Evaluate SPA‘s quality• Develop action plans• Coherent European network
What is monitored?
Target species• Annex I species
– breeding pairs– numbers
Habitat structures• forest inventory
Area ranking• not all species of Annex I are
monitored in all SPA‘s
• for each species the 5 most important areas are monitored
• on landsape level the two most important species occurrence is monitored
How do we monitor?
e.g. 16 species of Annex I BD in SPA Male Karpaty, only few are monitored
List of monitored birds:• Ficedula albicollis• Dendrocopus medius• Pernis apivorus• ..........................
= 6 monitored species per SPA
- time of the year
Aegolius funereus
Owls
Woodpeckers
Songbirds
Mrz Apr Mai
Dendrocopos medius
Jun
Ficedula albicollis
Effort
• woodpeckers and owls are monitored at the same time of the year...
- daytime
Aegolius funereus 10 pm
Owls
Woodpeckers
Songbirds
Dendrocopos medius 5 am
Ficedula albicollis 4 am
...but at different times a day.
= 2 visits per day
Microstructures
Stand
5 ha
Landscape
500.000 ha
500 ha
5.000 ha
SPA
On which scales do we monitor?
large scale
small scale
rare species
0,5 ha
Rare species(birds of prey, storks, rare passerines)
Information• Where are potential habitats?• Where are former records?
Methods• mapping the whole area• 3 visits, recording
– nest sites– mating activity– territorial behavior
Forest types
Niche
Black WoodpeckerMiddle Spotted Woodpecker
Why do we monitor on different scales?
Deciduous forest
Mixed forest
Coniferous forest
How do we monitor on different scales?
Species Size of a sampling area Count points
Larger scales
Black Woodpecker 500 ha 30-35
Nightjar 150 ha 12
Smaller scales (modeling)
Flycatchers 30 ha 30
Size of SPA < 1.500 ha 1.500 – 10.000 ha 10. – 20.000 ha > 20.000 ha
Size of a sampling area 500 ha > 20 % > 15 % > 10 %
Large monitoring scales (most woodpeckers, owls)
500 ha
SPA x 10% = xx ha
31 point
5
Target species:
Size of sampling area
Area of SPA
Number of sampling area
Number of count points
Grey-headed Woodpecker
Grauspecht - Picus canusGrey-headed WoodpeckerPicus canus
Habitat • old broadleaf stands (beech,oak) • old tress with damages (fungus)• laying dead wood• forest edges
• 0.2 -0,5 breeding pairs/100 ha
We monitor on large scale
500ha1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
>10% of each SPA should be monitored
If Woodpeckers are monitored
500 ha squares are choosen
4
25.000 ha SPA x 10% = 2.500 ha 2.500 ha: 500 ha = 5 squares
We monitor on large scale
4
2,236 m
trails and logging roadsas transect lines
transect linescross country
4
400m
200 m 200 mMethods• 500 ha = 16 ha per point• = 31 stop counts = 12 000 m• working with sound imitation• walking on
– fixed transect lines – along trails or logging roads
large scale monitoring (most woodpeckers, owls)
16 ha
Effort• ~ 5 min per stop / species• 15 min point to point• only mornings = 2 days per species,
per visit • 3 visits in the breeding season• = 6 days in total per species
Small scale monitoring with modeling
30 ha
Collard flycatcher
30 points
?
Target species: Area of SPA
modelling suitable habitats
Number of suitable sampling areas
Size of sampling area
• What are the habitat needs?• with GIS, database or map
– where are e.g.• broadleaf trees• oak >80 Y., beech >100 years• canopy openings• dead wood• tree cavities
Small scale monitoring with modeling
• forest inventory
100m
50 m 50 m • Mapping methods like „large scale“, but:
• modelling suitable habitats• mapping these habitats in
30 ha samples, 30 ha = 30 stop counts
• > 10% of suitable habitats
Small scale monitoring(passerines)
Forest inventory net• data are collected, every 10 years• information about
– soil (Nightjar)– rejuvination– species composition (woodp.)– age– social strata– canopy closure– snags– dead wood
Forest inventory
• Conserving a favorable status of – species– habitats
Species of the forest habitatsEvaluation of habitat and population
mapping and evaluation
favorable status of population– number of breeding pairs– population trend
habitat quality– number of cavities– network of habitats
Species of the forest habitatsCollard flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis)
Habitat• old trees with large treetops• cavity richness• snags• warm microclimate
~10 breeding pairs/10 ha
Species of the forest habitats Middle spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos medius)
Habitat • old broadleaf stands • old trees with bark structure• snags
• 0.5 -4 breeding pairs/10 ha
Species of the non-forest habitatsRed Kite (Milvus milvus)
Habitat • big nesting tree• meadows, fields, forests• streams, ponds
Methods • mapping all nest sites• 3 visits (march - mid. april)• 10-18 bp/ 100 km2
r = 1km
Species of the non-forest habitats Bittern (Botaurus stellaris)
Support:• globally threatened species• priority for LIFE- Nature funding
Methods • 3 visits (april -may)• 2 hours befor dawn or after dusk• number of boomig males
Habitat „modelling“ • Large reedbeds (>20 ha)• former records
Methods • mapping >10%• 3 visits (mid.march - mid.june)• 5 km transect lines are mapped (random sampled)• 2-4 pairs/ 5 km
Habitat „modelling“ • streams• ponds
Species of the non-forest habitats Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis)
Conclusions
Conclusions
Random sample
Monitoringmode
Rare species Whole area
Large scale 500 ha samples samples fixed
Small scale modeling+ samples
samples rotate
instruments and methods are the same betweenforest habitats and non-forest habitats, scales are different