Monday elsegal/TalmudMap/Mishnah. html.
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Transcript of Monday elsegal/TalmudMap/Mishnah. html.
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Monday
www.ucalgary.ca/~elsegal/TalmudMap/Mishnah.html
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Overview
• 70-700 CE
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Oral TorahRabbinic JudaismIn wake of rebellions
to
Rise of Islam
70 ce to 700 ce.
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Centre moves
• Jerusalem destroyed…
• Yavneh then Babylon.
• Jews live all over Mediterranean world and Middle East
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Christianity• Begins as a Jewish sect around Jesus of
Nazareth as “Messiah” or “Christ”
• by 2nd century bce, “Nazarenes” take Gospel to non-Jews
• Christianity becomes independent– Lingering associations with Judaism.
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Political changesPalestine / Mediterranean
• 0- 4th century Rome Pagan
• 4th century Rome Christian
• 7-8th century South / East: Islam
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Political ChangesMesopotamia / Babylonia
• to 3rd century: Parthians
• 3rd to 7th centuries Sassanian (Persian)Zoroastrians
• 7-8th century Islam
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Islam
• Prophet Muhammad
• 570 to 632
• Saw himself as the final prophet of the same God worshipped by Jews and Christians.
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Rapid Arab expansion
• 7th century: Arab Muslims capture considerable territory
• Many Jews now live under Islamic rule.
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Rabbinic Judaism
• Developed 150 bce to 700 ce
• TALMUD completed about the time of Muhammad.
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70 to 700
• Massive Political Change
• Massive Religious Change
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3 religions
• Islam 620-30’s
• Christianity 1st century
• Rabbinic Judaism 1st century b
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Early development of R. Judaism
TWO TORAHS
Torah that is in Tanakh
Oral Torah: Rabbinic teachings.
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“TANNAIM”Early Oral Torah teachers
• Tanna – Singular
• Ca. 150 bce. to second century ce.
• Influenced by Pharisaic ideas.
• Bible and Mishnah
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After 70 c.e.
New form of Judaism
Without temple
On Pharisee / Tannaim model
“Oral Torah” collected to preserve teachings
offer alternative to temple.
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Yohanan ben Zakkai
• Pharisaic teacher
• Made peace with Rome
• Gathered surviving Jewish scholars after 70 ce.
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Yavneh / JamniaNew Centre of Jewish learning.
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Tannaim
• “Repeaters” of Torah tradition.
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New Scholars“Rabbis”
• Preserve – Old traditions– Memories of temple– Teachings of great scholars
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Ben Zakkai:
• Yavneh is equal to Jerusalem.
• Temple rites now symbolized in new rites in Yavnah
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Scripture
• Increased accent on Scripture / Study
• Temple holiness transferred to individual.
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Synagogues
• Assume new role
• Surrogate Temple– Shofar
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Yavneh Sanhedrin
• New Leadership
• Innovation and Tradition
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No alternative
• “Old” form of Judaism beyond recovery.
• No temple
Diaspora life for almost all Jews.
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132-135 bceSecond rebellion
• Attempt to rebuild temple results in disastrous war.
• Simon Bar KokhbaClaims priesthood
• “Messiah”
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Oral Torah
• Basis of new Judaism alongside Tanakh
• Oral Torah is Written down
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TANNAIMRabbi Akiba
Judah HaNasi
• Judah compiled the writings & teachings of Akiba and others.
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MISHNAH
• First major text of the Oral Torah.
• 170-220 bce
• Judah HaNasi.
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Love / justice, not offerings
• Hosea 6:6
• Micah 6:6-8
• Psalm 51:16-17
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Teachers, not priests
• Rabbi, – by education and ordination, not birth
– Remembered as “sages”
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Diaspora
• Alexandria
• Babylon
• Contact with Sanhedrin.
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Midrash = traditions attached to Bible
Mishnah = independent
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Mishnah: “Repetition”“Memorized”
Major part of ORAL TORAH
Written in land of Israel
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Mishnah
Late 2nd Cent. early 3rd.– 6 “ORDERS”
– 63 “TRACTATES”
• Chapters • Sections “Mishnah”
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Mishnah
• REMEMBERS TEMPLE
• TORAH INTERPRETATION
• TEACHINGS OF SAGES
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Legitimization
God Moses … Sages
Hillel + Shammai J. b. Zakkai