Molten Salt Solar Tower: The Possible Way Towards Competitiveness · 2011-08-23 · Consequently,...

Molten Salt Solar Tower:

The Possible Way Towards

Competitiveness

Salzturm: Der machbare Weg zur

signifikanten Kostenreduktion

Kai Wieghardt

14. Kölner Sonnenkolloquium

Jülich, 13.07.2011

Seite 2 Salzturm – Wieghardt – 14. Kölner Sonnenkolloquium - 110713

Contents

1. Introduction: Solar Millennium

2. Criteria for Competitiveness

3. Competitiveness of Molten Salt Solar Tower Technology

4. Summary & Outlook


Contents



3. Molten Salt Solar Tower Technology: Pros & Cons



The specialist for solar-thermal power plants

Solar Millennium AG

... is a successful pioneer with a long track-record thanks to the early entry

into the market (1998)

… developed the first parabolic trough power plants in Europe

... pursues projects globally with an overall capacity of more than 2,000 MW

... has an experienced management and invests in R&D with the aim of

achieving and securing sustainable technology leadership

… is developing its own solar tower technology in addition to parabolic trough


Project Development

Project Financing

Technology

Power plant investment

Construction

Solar Millennium gains revenues from each step of the value chain for solar-thermal power plants

Entry of business partners in power

plant projects: project entrance fee

Financial Closure: payments for

successful project development

Sales of stakes in

power plant projects

Supply of engineering

and components

Turn-key construction of

solar-thermal power plants

Revenues from

plants in operation

Power plant

investment &

Others

Technology

and

Construction

Project

development

and financing


Contents






Levelized Costs of Electricity (LCOE)

Parity

Rate

[€/kW] LCOE

[€ct/kWh]

Investment Costs

Efficiency

Operating Time

… per day

… per year

… during lifetime

LCOE is criterion for CSP competitiveness.

Exclusive focus on cost or parity rate is not sufficient.


LCOE of CSP and Competitive Technologies

1) STE: Solar Thermal Electricity; Source: A.T. Kearney (2010), DNI Values for Spain

Costs-by-cause principle needed for conventional sources:

Significant costs & risks are still taken by society!

CSP must

reduce LCOE

or will fail!

Fierce competition by PV and wind!


Power generation from renewable energies

Gross power consumption

Share of renewable energies in gross electricity

consumption in Germany until 2020 The share of renewable energies might reach 47% by 2020 Terrawatthours/year

Source: Bundesverband Erneuerbare Energie e. V., 2009

Prognosis

BEE: 47%

Obligation by

government:

30%

Increased Share of Renewables in the Grid …


Example: Germany 2007: Power Generation vs. Load with 15% renewables

… Today and …

Source: Simulation by Fraunhofer IWES (Kassel)


Example: Germany 2020: Power Generation vs. Load with 47% renewables

… in the Future

Source: Simulation by Fraunhofer IWES (Kassel)


Investment Costs

Efficiency

Operating Time

Dispatchability

Dispatchability (the ability to provide energy on demand due to storage system)

… is a main benefit of CSP technology. No dispatchability = direct competition with PV!

Simplest solution available today: Molten salt as HTF and storage medium.

Storage is cost beneficial and pays off through higher utilization of the power block.

Criteria for Evaluation of Competitiveness

Parity

Rate

[€/kW] LCOE

[€ct/kWh] LCOE + Dispatchability


Contents






Efficiency Dispatchability Operating

Time (/d, /a, Σ)

Investment

Costs

Molten Salt Solar Tower: Pros & Cons

565C

540C

540C



Time (/d, /a, Σ)

Investment

Costs

Central

Receiver

HTF = Storage.

No thermo oil

2-axial mirror

tracing

High number of

simple heliostats

High allowable

ground slope,

Retention of

natural grounds




Time (/d, /a, Σ)

Investment

Costs

Central

Receiver

Reduction of

specific storage

High Process

Temperatures

Molten Salt Solar Tower: Pros



Time (/d, /a, Σ)

Investment

Costs

2-axial mirror

tracing

Homogenization

of operation

(/d, /a, Σ)



Efficiency

Large Optimum

Solar Multiple:

Storage Capacity

12-16h

Dispatchability Operating

Time (/d, /a, Σ)

Investment

Costs

Reduction of

specific storage

Homogenization

of operation

(/d, /a, Σ)




Time (/d, /a, Σ)

Investment

Costs

HTF = Storage.

No thermo oil

Simplification

of systems




Time (/d, /a, Σ)

Investment

Costs

HTF = Storage.

No thermo oil

Reduction of

Risks

Simplification

of systems




Time (/d, /a, Σ)

Investment

Costs

Reduction of

Risks

Industrialized

production

High number of

simple heliostats

High allowable

ground slope,

Retention of

natural grounds



Efficiency

Large Optimum

Solar Multiple:

Storage Capacity

12-16h


Time (/d, /a, Σ)

Investment

Costs

Central

Receiver

HTF = Storage.

No thermo oil

Reduction of

Risks

Reduction of

specific storage

Simplification

of systems

Industrialized

production

2-axial mirror

tracing

High number of

simple heliostats

High Process

Temperatures

High allowable

ground slope,

Retention of

natural grounds

Homogenization

of operation

(/d, /a, Σ)

Molten Salt Solar Tower: Pros (Summary)


Efficiency


Large Optimum

Solar Multiple:

Storage Capacity

12-16h


Time (/d, /a, Σ)

Investment

Costs

Central

Receiver

HTF = Storage.

No thermo oil

Reduction of

Risks

Reduction of

specific storage

Simplification

of systems

Industrialized

production

2-axial mirror

tracing

High number of

simple heliostats

High Process

Temperatures

High Complexity.

No Modularity.

High allowable

ground slope,

Retention of

natural grounds

Homogenization

of operation

(/d, /a, Σ)


Efficiency


Large Optimum

Solar Multiple:

Storage Capacity

12-16h


Time (/d, /a, Σ)

Investment

Costs

Central

Receiver

HTF = Storage.

No thermo oil

Reduction of

Risks

Effort & Time for

Development,

Validation &

Scale-up

Reduction of

specific storage

Simplification

of systems

Industrialized

production

2-axial mirror

tracing

High number of

simple heliostats

High Process

Temperatures

High Complexity.

No Modularity.

Increase of

Risk Level

High allowable

ground slope,

Retention of

natural grounds

Homogenization

of operation

(/d, /a, Σ)


Contents






1

10

100

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016CESA-1/PSA (1983)

KAM: AlSol

Solar Tower Projects >1MWel

Abengoa:

PS20

Abengoa: PS10

Sener@PSA

Bright Source:

SEDC

Bright Source:

Ivenpah 1-3

Bright Source:

Coyote Springs 1-2, ff.

eSolar:

Sierra Sun Tower

Solar Reserve:

Crossroads

Solar Reserve: Rice

Sener/Masdar:

Gemasolar

Start Production

Electric

Output

(Peak)

[MW] Technology:

• Direct Steam

• Molten Salt

• Air

Filled: Commercial

KAM: Jülich

eSolar: Gaskell I + II

Solar Reserve:

Crescent Dunes

ACME:

Bikaner Phase 1

Themis (1982)

SPP-5 (1985)

Solar

One

(1982)

Abengoa:

Eureka

Solar Two

(1997) ACME:

Bikaner

Sener/Masdar: Abu Dhabi

ESKOM

Solar Reserve:

Alcázar

Solar Towers turning from pilots

to large-scale commercialization.


Summary

CSP will provide dispatchable power at it’s lowest LCOE possible or

will fail.

Consequently, Solar Millennium’s technology portfolio focuses on

Parabolic troughs with molten salt storage,

Molten salt solar tower,

PV, if no dispatchability is required.

Molten salt solar tower technology has high potential, but also risks.

Solar Millennium’s molten salt solar tower technology is under

development.

DLR is a close partner with outstanding competence.


Welcome to the Solar Millennium!

Molten Salt Solar Tower: The Possible Way Towards Competitiveness · 2011-08-23 · Consequently,...

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