Molecules and Ions
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Transcript of Molecules and Ions
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Molecules and Ions
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Chemical bonds
• Atoms are held together in compounds by chemical bonds
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Covalent Bonds
• If atoms are held together by sharing electrons then this is known as a chemical bond
• Covalent bonds form molecules• Molecules are represented by chemical
formulas, H2O• Or by structural formulas, H – O – H• Or by models
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Ionic Bonds
• If electrons are transferred then an ionic bond is formed
• NaCl• Na ----- Na+ + e-• Cl + e- ------Cl-
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Periodic Table
• Lots of info• Charge• Atomic Mass• Atomic Number• Metals and Non-Metals• Alkali Metal (I), Alkali Earth Metals (II),
Halogens (VII), Noble Gases (VIII), Trans. Met.
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Periods
• Horizontal rows on PT
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Groups
• Columns on PT
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Naming Simple Compounds
• Binary Compounds• These are compounds that are composed of
two types elements
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Binary Ionic Compounds (Type I)
• These compounds contain a positive ion (cation) and a negative ion (anion)
• Na+, cation• Cl-, anion
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Rules for Naming Type I Binary Ionic Compounds
• Cation always named first• Anion always named second• A monoatomic cation is named as the element
is named, Na+ is sodium• A monoatomic anion is named as the element
but as an –IDE, so Cl- is ChlorIDE• See Table 2.3
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Name These
• CsF• Cesium Flouride• AlCl3• Aluminum chloride• LiH• Lithium Hydride
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Binary Ionic Compounds (Type II)
• Many cations can form more than one type of ions
• Especially the Transtition Metals• Use Roman Numerals to indicate charge• Ion of higher charge ends in –ic• Ion of lower charge end in –ous• Fe (II) ferrous, Fe(III) ferric
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Naming Type II Binary Compounds
• CuCl• Copper (I) chloride• HgO• Mercury (I) oxide• Fe2O3• Iron (III) oxide
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Write the formula for these
• Manganese (IV) oxide• MnO2• Lead (II) chloride• PbCl2
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• If the cation only has one possible ion thenn DO NOT USE a roman numeral
• It is understood what the charge on the ion is
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Polyatomic Ions
• Some ions are made up of two or more atoms• These are known as polyatomic ions• SO4 -2, OH-, NO3-• See Table 2.5• Must know formula and charge• Use flashcards
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Name these compounds
• Na2SO4• Sodium sulfate• KH2PO4• Potassium dihydrogen phosphate• Na2CO3• Sodium carbonate
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WriteFormulas
• Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate• NaHCO3• Potassium perchlorite• KClO4
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Binary Covalent Compounds (Type III)
• These are compounds formed between two non-metals
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Rules for Naming Binary Covalent Compounds (Type III)
• The first element in the formula is named first• The second is named as if it was an anion• Prefixes denote the number of atoms present• Mono- is never used for the first element as it
is assumed.• Mono- is used for the second element, Co• See p. 63
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• Review