Moleculas Organicas
-
Upload
ronny-luzuriaga -
Category
Education
-
view
613 -
download
0
Transcript of Moleculas Organicas
![Page 1: Moleculas Organicas](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062412/58ac006e1a28abb6718b57a3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
MOLECULAS ORGANICAS
![Page 2: Moleculas Organicas](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062412/58ac006e1a28abb6718b57a3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• Carbono Seres Vivos• CHNOPS
![Page 3: Moleculas Organicas](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062412/58ac006e1a28abb6718b57a3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
El Papel Central del Carbono
![Page 4: Moleculas Organicas](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062412/58ac006e1a28abb6718b57a3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• CH = Hidrocarburos = economía
![Page 5: Moleculas Organicas](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062412/58ac006e1a28abb6718b57a3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Grupos Funcionales• Propiedades Químicas
![Page 6: Moleculas Organicas](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062412/58ac006e1a28abb6718b57a3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Isómeros y Actividad Biológica
• Isómero• Isómero Estructural (unión atomos)• Isómero Ópticos o Enantiomeros• 2 Disposiciones de los átomos en el espacio,
Carbono Asimetrico • Quiralidad
![Page 8: Moleculas Organicas](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062412/58ac006e1a28abb6718b57a3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Factor Energético
Movimiento = Enlace Roto
Kilocalorias
Formación de Enlaces = requiere energía
Ruptura de Enlaces = liberación de Energía
CH4 + 202 CO2 +2H20
Δ H ° = - 213 Kcal
![Page 9: Moleculas Organicas](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062412/58ac006e1a28abb6718b57a3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
CARBOHIDRATOS
• Almacena Energía• Glúcidos• 3 Tipos # de moléculas (azucares)
• Monosacáridos• Disacáridos• Polisacáridos
![Page 10: Moleculas Organicas](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062412/58ac006e1a28abb6718b57a3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Los Monosacáridos energía lista para los sistemas vivos
• C, H, O• (CH2O) n n = 3 hasta
8• OH, y C = O (cetona) o
aldehídoC6 H1206 + 02 ----> C02 + H2 0 + energía
![Page 11: Moleculas Organicas](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062412/58ac006e1a28abb6718b57a3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Moleculas Organicas](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062412/58ac006e1a28abb6718b57a3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Disacáridos formas de Transporte
SacarosaLactosaMaltosaCONDENSACIONHIDRÓLISIS = Libera Energía
![Page 13: Moleculas Organicas](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062412/58ac006e1a28abb6718b57a3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Polisacáridos de Almacenamiento• Almidón (plantas)• Almidón = amilosa y amilopeptina
Amilosa 1,4
Amilopeptina 1,4 y 1,6
![Page 14: Moleculas Organicas](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062412/58ac006e1a28abb6718b57a3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• Glucógeno = animales
Similar Amilopeptina = + ramificaciones Hígado y MusculoGlucagonHidrolizar y Oxidar
![Page 15: Moleculas Organicas](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062412/58ac006e1a28abb6718b57a3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Polisacáridos Estructurales• Celulosa
Rumiantes Almidón y Glucógeno = unidades alfa de glucosaCelulosa = unidades Beta de glucosaQuitina
![Page 16: Moleculas Organicas](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062412/58ac006e1a28abb6718b57a3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Lípidos
• carbohidratos = grasas• Plantas = aceite, semillas• Grasas = enlaces C-H• Grasas Saturadas = mantecas• Grasas Insaturadas = aceites
![Page 17: Moleculas Organicas](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062412/58ac006e1a28abb6718b57a3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Moleculas Organicas](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062412/58ac006e1a28abb6718b57a3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Grasas, Azucares y Calorías
• Tejido Adiposo Blanco = triglicéridos, maquina metabólica escasa
• Tejido Adiposo Pardo = lípidos in situ, genera calor
![Page 19: Moleculas Organicas](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062412/58ac006e1a28abb6718b57a3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Aislantes y Amortiguadores
![Page 20: Moleculas Organicas](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062412/58ac006e1a28abb6718b57a3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Fosfolipidos y Glucolipidos
![Page 21: Moleculas Organicas](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062412/58ac006e1a28abb6718b57a3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Ceras
![Page 22: Moleculas Organicas](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062412/58ac006e1a28abb6718b57a3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Colesterol y otros Esteroides
4 Anillos de CarbonoMembranas celulares = rigidez y evita congelamientoSintetizado en hígado Aterosclerosis