Molecular Compounds. Types of Compounds Ionic Metal (or NH 4 + ) with a non-metal Transfer of...
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Transcript of Molecular Compounds. Types of Compounds Ionic Metal (or NH 4 + ) with a non-metal Transfer of...
![Page 1: Molecular Compounds. Types of Compounds Ionic Metal (or NH 4 + ) with a non-metal Transfer of electrons from metal non-metal Have ionic bonds Molecular.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020711/56649edb5503460f94bea7fb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Molecular Compounds
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Types of Compounds
Ionic
• Metal (or NH4+) with a
non-metal• Transfer of electrons from
metal non-metal• Have ionic bonds
Molecular
• Non-metals only• Sharing of electrons
between non-metals• Have covalent bonds
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Properties
Ionic
• Solid (s)• High melting points• When dissolved in water,
aqueous (aq), ionic compounds are electrolytes (good conductors of electricity)
• Electrolytes when melted.
Molecular
• Solid (s), liquid (l) or gas(g)
• Lower melting points• When dissolved in water,
(aq) or melted they are not electolytes
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A molecular compound
• A molecular compound, is a pure substance that is formed from covalent bonds between nonmetals.
• Examples include:
• Water H2O (l)
• Carbon Dioxide CO2 (g)
• Oxygen O2(g)
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Covalent Bonding• A covalent bond is a form of chemical bonding that is
characterized by the sharing sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms. This sharing allows the atoms to form a stable electron arrangement.
• For H2(g) that stable arrangement has 2 e-’s• For other molecular compounds an octet is required by
sharing.
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Diatomic Molecules• A diatomic molecule is a
molecule consisting of only two atoms, of either the same or different chemical elements.
• http://www.dnatube.com/video/1290/Covalent-bond
O2 Oxygen
N2 Nitrogen gas
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Diatomic Molecules
Here are some examples of diatomic molecules (same element):
hydrogen (H2)nitrogen (N2)oxygen (O2)fluorine (F2)chlorine (Cl2)bromine (Br2)iodine (I2)
Here are some examples of diatomic molecules (different elements):
CO – Carbon MonoxideCO – Carbon Monoxide
NO – Nitrogen NO – Nitrogen MonoxideMonoxide
HF – Hydrogen HF – Hydrogen FluorideFluoride
HCl – Hydrogen HCl – Hydrogen ChlorideChloride
HBrHBr – – Hydrogen BromideHydrogen Bromide
NN22O- dinitrogen O- dinitrogen monoxidemonoxide
SOSO33- sulfur trioxide- sulfur trioxide
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Diatomic Elements
• I Bring Clay For Our New Home
• *to help you remember the molecular diatomic elements.
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Diatomic Compounds• Since many combinations of some atoms are
possible, the number of atoms in the molecule is often stated using Latin prefixes.
– Carbon monoxide is CO while carbon dioxide is CO2.
– Memorize the prefixes!
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Common Prefixesone mono six hexa
two di seven hepta
three tri eight octa
four tetra nine nona
five penta ten deca
• NBr3 = Nitrogen tribromide
• Dihydrogen dioxide = H2O2
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Rules
• Use the Greek prefixes to indicate how many of each element are present in the formula. Mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, deca,…
• Drop mono for the first element.• Drop all prefixes if the first element is hydrogen.• Drop the second o in mono prior to a vowel.• Drop the a in prefixes ending in a prior to a vowel.
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Examples:
• N2S
• N2O3
• CO2(g)
• HCl• CO(g)
• N2O4
• Dinitrogen monosulfide• dinitrogen trioxide • carbon dioxide• hydrogen chloride• carbon monoxide• dinitrogen tetroxide
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Naming Molecular Compounds
• Can be more complicated than ionic compounds.
• There are also “common” names that will need to be memorized, such as:
• Water (H2O)• Methane (CH4)• Hydrogen peroxide (H202)• Sucrose C12H22O11
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• Page 204– #1 5
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Writing Formulas for Molecular Compounds
• Method is similar to the one used for ionic compounds.
• The combining capacity of a nonmetal tells you how many covalent bonds are needed to form a stable molecule.
• To figure out an atoms combining capacity you need to see where it falls on the periodic table or know how many valence electrons it has.
Methane
CH4
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Writing Molecular Compounds Step by Step
Carbon & Sulfur
• Step 1:– Write the symbols and combining capacities
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• Step 2:– Use the crisscross rule & the combining
capacities to get the proper subscripts.
Writing Molecular Compounds Step by Step
Carbon & Sulfur
This formula becomes C2S4 reduced to CS2.
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