Molecular Compounds

Brittany MacCallum

Victoria Banfield

Natasha Whalen

Molecular Compounds

• Aluminium bromide

• Al2Br6

• Aluminium chloride

• Al2Cl6

• Ammonia

• NH3

• Decaborane

• B10H10

• Dodecaborane

• B12H12

• Beryllium hydride

What are Molecular Compounds?

• Substances made up of molecules with a molecular weight smaller than 104 Daltons.

• Have a well defined structure.

• Examples are ethanol (ethyl alcohol), glucose

Expression of the Composition or Structure of a Chemical

Compound

• Formulas for molecules use chemical symbols with subscript numbers to show the number of atoms of each element

• Ex: O2 for molecular oxygen

What is a Molecule?

• A unit of matter that is the smallest particle of an element.

• Chemical combination of atoms (as a compound) capable of retaining chemical identity with the substance in mass.

Explanation

• Covalent bonds holds atoms of the same or different non-metal elements together by sharing pairs of electrons. Atoms joined by covalent bonds form molecules. Depending on the number of shared pairs of electrons between two atoms, the covalent bond can be described as a single or a multiple covalent bond.

• A single covalent bond is when 2 electrons are shared between atoms. A double bond is when 4 electrons are shared and Triple is when 6 electrons are shared.

Rules to Name Molecular Compounds

1. The first element in the formula is named first, using the full element name.

2.The second element is named using the suffix -ide.

3. Prefixes are used to see the numbers of atoms present.

Prefix and number of atoms

• Mono- 1• Di- 2• Tri-3• Tetra-4• Penta- 5 • Hexa-6• Hepta-7• Octa- 8• Hoha- 9• Deca- 10

Examples

Compound

• NO Nitrogen monoxide

• N2O Nitrogen monoxide

• NO2 Nitrogen monoxide

• N2O3 Dinitrogen trioxide

• N2O4 Dinitrogen tetraoxide

Find the Formula for the Following Compounds…

Bromine pentafluoride

BF5

Carbon Dioxide

CO2

Iodine monochloride

ICl

Nitrogen dioxide

NO2

Phosphorus trichloride

PCl3

Find the Name of the Compound for the

Following Formulas…

SiCl4

Silicon tetrachloride

SO2Cl2

Sulfuryl Chloride

B(CH3)3

Trimethylborane

N2O4

Dinitrogen tetraoxide

S2F10

Disulfur decafluoride