Moein Farshchian

Ph.D Candidate of Cell and Molecular Biology

*New Trends in Genetics

*GENOMICS: A “Discipline” Less than 25 Years OldVictor A. McKusick

* 1. Structural Genomics: Mapping and Sequencing Genomes

2. Comparative Genomics: Study of Conservation and Divergence of Genomes of Different Organisms

3. Functional Genomics: Development and Application of Global Approaches

to Assess Gene Function

Epigenetics

*Comparative Genomics

Olson et al., (2002)

Human vs. Great Apes

*Human Genome Project

*Naive Way of Extracting Genes

Same genome Different tissues

• Different physiology • Different proteome

•Different expression pattern

Anise swallowtail, Papilio zelicaon

The Dramatic Consequences of Gene Regulation in Biology

Eukaryotic Gene Structure

Figure 7-44 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)

*Cancer

Model Organisms In Cancer

Figure 7-77b Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)

Eye on leg in Drosophila

*Transgenic Mouse

*Overview of gene regulation by distant-acting

enhancers

*Clonal Hetrogeny in Tumor

Heterogenic Cell Populationin Tumor

Committed to Cancer

Metastasis

Ameboid Migration

Gene Expression Signature

Tumor Microenvironment

Cancer Related Genes

Systems Biology

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The incidence of cancer in non-human primates is very low.

-All examined human cancer genes (n=333) are present in chimpanzee, contain intact open reading frames and show a high degree of

conservation between both species (99.38%) -. Puente et al., (2006)

*Reprogramming of Genome

*Induced pluripotent Stem Cell (iPS Cells)

Ngn3, Pdx1, Mafa

Cellular Reprogramming Model

MODELS OF REPROGRAMMING

* Nature Review Cancer, April 2007

*Gene Therapy

*Thanks