INTRODUCTION

Hello my dear second year students! We are already in the 21st century. The period where tremendous development has been observed brought about by modern technologies. It results to the creation of borderless world. However, man is still searching about himself. There are lots of queries about his existence as well as other living things wherein their appearance becomes the primary concern. Are you interested to find answers? Come onexplore this module. This is intentionally prepared for a special person like you.

Your questions about your similarities to your brothers or sisters, to your parents or even grandparents will be explained in a very light and interesting way. It is expected that you can demonstrate understanding on the Mendelian principles of heredity. This can be done by analyzing the Mendels experiments on garden peas to illustrate Mendelian principles of inheritance, identify the traits and solve monohybrid and dihybrid crosses given the genotypes and phenotypes of parents. I know you can do all the activities for one week. Just believe in your potentials that you inherited from your parents and with the aid of your environment. New technologies are now available. So get ready, do your best to surpass all trials and challenges. I know you can do more than what I expect. Later, youll realize that you win by default as a genetic principle because the traits and values you possess are enough to become dominant over others.

What you need to know

Youll find genetics as branch of Biology as interesting, easy to understand and play essential roles not only for human development but also some changes among living organisms. As you go through this module you will determine the reasons why is it entitled Winner by Default: A Genetic Principle. It actually focuses on how traits are passed on from parents to offspring. In order to achieve the purpose of this module, here are some pointers that you have to follow as you go over to this module:

Do not forget to take the pre-test. This is to determine what you already know about Gregor Mendel and his experiments with garden peas. Go through the pages one by one since topics are interrelated and interconnected. If you missed one page, you may not understand the succeeding pages.

Perform the activities as instructed and be sure to finish them.

If ideas are not clear, you can always go back to the pages where they are discussed.

At the end of this module, do not forget to take the post-test.

What you already know

Before studying this module, you should have background knowledge on molecular genetics which includes the following:

1. RNA

2. DNA

3. Chromosomes

4. Proteins and expression of traits

5. Mutation

What you should learn

After studying this module, you should be able to1. Trace the history of genetics and give its significance;

2. Analyze Mendels experiments on garden peas to illustrate Mendelian principles of inheritance;

3. Identify the traits that follow Mendelian patterns of heredity ;

4. Solve monohybrid and dihybrid crosses given the genotypes and phenotypes of parents.

Lets check what you knowI. Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter of the best answer on the space provided. ________1. Who is considered as the father of Genetics?a. Charles Darwin

c. Gregor Mendel

b. Carolus Linnaeus

d. Hugo de Vries

________2. How can we determine the phenotype of an individual?

a. test-breeding

c. looking

b. testing for linkage

d. back-crossing

________3. Which of the following does genetic trait usually depends?

a. genotype only

b. environment only

c. both genotype and environmentd. neither genotype nor environment

________4. An organism has the genotype AaBb. This organism produces gametes with how many possible combinations of alleles?

a. 1

c. 3

b. 2

d. 4

________5. When two heterozygous animals mate, the resulting offspring is expected to exhibit a genotype ratio of a. 3:1

c. 1:2:2:1

b. 1:2:1

d. 9:3:3:1

________6. The color of black coat in guinea pigs (W) is dominant over the color white (w). A homozygous black (WW) is crossed with a homozygous white (ww). All the F1 generation will be heterozygous black (Ww). If the F1 were self-crossed, the genotype ratio of the F2 would be

a. 3:1

c. 1:2:1

b. 6:3:2

d. 3:2:1

________7. Which of the following refers to the contrasting forms of genes?

a. alleles

c. factors

b. chromosomes

d. strains

________8. Which of these is a combination of the dominant and recessive genes present in the cells of an organism?

a. genotype

c. neotype

b. lectotype

d. isotype

________9. Which of the following is NOT a Mendelian law of inheritance? a. In every organism, there is a pair of factors that control the appearance of a particular trait.

b. The first filial generation does resemble either parent. Therefore no allele is dominant over the other.

c. During gamete formation, the pair of factors segregates or separates from each other.d. During fertilization, the genes come together again to form new combinations.

________10. When Mendel crossed the yellow peas with the green peas, the hybrids appear to be yellow, then this character is said to be

a. Dihybrid

c. Monohybrid

b. Dominant

d. Recessive

11- 13. are about this diagram of a punnet square Male

FemaleR

r

R

III

r

IIIIV

________11. Which of the following is the genotype of the offspring in box I?

a. R

b. Rr

c. RR

d. rr

________12. If R represents a dominant gene for round seed and r represents a recessive gene for that seed, which will be the genotypic ratio of the offsprings?

a. 1:2:1

b. 2:1:1

c. 1:1:2

d. 3:1:0

________13. What percent of the offspring will exhibit the dominant character?

a. 25%

b. 50%

c. 75%

d. 100%

________14. Which of the following serves as the role of punnet squares?

a. assure the outcome of crosses

b. dominate the outcome of crosses

c. number the outcome of crosses

d. predict the outcome of crosses

________15. Which of the following deals with the study of how traits are inherited from parents to offsprings?

a. economics

c. politics

b. genetics

d. polygenic

II. Problem Solving (5 points each)

1. Provide the genotype of the given cross. Yellow color in peas (Y) is dominant over green peas (y). A homozygous yellow pea plant is crossed with a homozygous green pea plant. What will be the genotypes of all the possible offspring?2. In fruit flies, long wing (L) is dominant over short wing (l). Two heterozygous long-winged fruit flies (Ll) are crossed. What are the possible phenotypes of their offspring?

Learning Episode 1Gregor Mendel and the Science of GeneticsActivity 1.1 Research WorkYou can go to library or internet caf to gather information about Gregor Mendel and the science of genetics. Trace the historical perspective of this branch of science and answer the questions below.

1. How did genetics evolved as one of the major branches of Biology?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. Explain how genetics improved the life of mankind.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. Are you inspired in the life of Gregor Mendel? Elucidate your answer.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Things to Remember in Learning Episode No. 1 Genetics (from Ancient Greek genetikos, "genitive" and that from genesis, "origin"), a discipline of biology, is the science of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms. Genetics deals with the molecular structure and function of genes, with gene behavior in the context of a cell or organism (e.g. dominance and epigenetics), with patterns of inheritance from parent to offspring, and with gene distribution, variation and change in populations. Given that genes are universal to living organisms, genetics can be applied to the study of all living systems, from viruses and bacteria, through plants (especially crops) and domestic animals, and to humans (as in medical genetics). Gregor Johann Mendel (July 20, 1822 January 6, 1884) was an Austrian scientist and Augustinian friar who gained posthumous fame as the founder of the new science of genetics. Mendel demonstrated that the inheritance of certain traits in pea plants follows particular patterns, now referred to as the laws of Mendelian inheritance. Although the significance of Mendel's work was not recognized until the turn of the 20th century, the independent rediscovery of these laws formed the foundation of the modern science of genetics. With the said contributions, Mendel was considered as the father of genetics It was not until the early twentieth century that the importance of Mendel's research and ideas was realized. In 1900, his work was finally rediscovered by Hugo de Vries, Carl Correns, and Erich von Tschermak. Mendel's results were quickly replicated, and genetic linkage quickly worked out. However, a period of tense argument ensued over its significance between William Bateson and Karl Pearson. Ronald Fisher (R.A. Fisher) in 1918 used Mendelian genetics as the basis of the start of the modern synthesis in evolutionary biology.Learning Episode 2

Mendels Experiment

Gregor Johann Mendel used garden peas (Pisum sativum) in his experiments. He chose peas because a) they grow quickly; b) they reproduce by self-pollination which indicates that pea flowers have both male and female parts; c) possess characteristics that can easily be recognized; d) pollination could be controlled in this group of plants with minimum work; and e) garden peas could also produce enough offspring to conduct a study.

He started with pure tall plants and short plants wherein he performed artificial pollination. The pollen grains from the tall plants were used to fertilize the ovules of dwarf plants. He then planted the seeds that were produced. He was surprised when he found that all the offsprings were tall. He had also same results when he fertilized pure tall plants with pollen grains from pure short plants. It resulted with the concept that any cross between a pure tall plant and a pure short plant produced only tall plants. Furthermore, the concept of dominant traits, recessive traits and hybrid evolved. Dominant traits are those traits that appeared while recessive traits are those hidden. Meanwhile, hybrids are the results of a cross between parents differing in one or more traits. The picture below shows the seven traits being studied by Mendel.

To understand the experiment conducted by Mendel, the following activities will enlighten you about some concepts in genetics. This is based on your observation, personal situation or even experiment on how traits are passed from one offspring to another. Activity 2.1

An Inventory of My Traits

You are going to work like Gregor Mendel. You will examine first yourself then answer the inventory survey form. This will give you sufficient knowledge about your physical appearance. Just answer the form full of confidence and honesty. Remember that everyone is unique. Materials

Inventory survey form

Pen/ markerProcedure

Answer the survey below by putting a check mark. Just decide whether it is yes if you posses the trait and no if not. TraitsYesNo

1. I am left handed.

2. I have long eyelashes.

3. I have attached earlobes.

4. I have cleft chin.

5. I can roll my tongue.

6. I have straight little finger.

7. I have a dark hair.

8. I can see the colors red and green.

9. The hairline on my forehead is straight.

10. I have rounded eyes.

Activity 2.2

Do I Belong?

Youre going to work with your classmates. You can have minimum of three and maximum of five members to determine your similarities and differences physically. Enjoy working with your group. Traits

Names of classmates possessing the traits.

Ratio as compared with the opposite trait.

1. Left handed

2. Long eyelashes

3. Attached earlobes

4. Cleft chin

5. Can roll tongue

6. Straight little finger

7. Dark hair

8. Can see red and green

9. Straight hairline

10. Rounded eyes

Answer the following questions:

1. How many members in your group have each trait?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________2. Is there any similarity in the results between your table and that of other groups? Compare the result with the other groups.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________3. What is the importance of having assessed your traits?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________4. Is it possible for two persons to have exactly the same observable traits?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________Activity 2.3

Who Am I?

1. Try to examine some of your observable characteristics.

2. Identify the traits that are similar to your parents.

3. Fill in the table below to show the traits that you and your parents possesses.

4. Put a check if the trait is present.Observable TraitsFatherMotherYou

1. Earlobes

a. Free earlobes

b. Attached earlobes

2. Tongue

a. Tongue roller

b. Non-tongue roller

3. Hand

a. Right handed

b. Left handed

4. Hair

a. Naturally curly hair

b. Straight hair

5. Dimples

a. Dimples present

b. No-dimples

Answer the following questions:1. What traits do you and your father have in common?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. In what way are you similar with your mother? Father?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What traits do you share with both of your parents?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Do you show traits not common to your parents?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Suppose you get married and have a child whose traits are totally different from yours and your spouse. How will you explain this?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Things to Remember in Learning Episode No. 2 Gregor Mendel studied the garden peas (Pisum sativum) because of the unique characteristics essential in conducting research. There are seven traits of the garden peas being studied which can be a dominant or recessive. His studies can also be applied not only in plants but also among animals or even humans.

Learning Episode 3

Mendels Principles

From the study conducted by Gregor Mendel, he formulated the following hypotheses or concepts: the concept of unit character, principle of dominance and recessiveness, and the law of segregation. You can easily understand the said concepts by performing the following activity.

Activity 3.1Patterns of Mendelian InheritanceProblem

How does chance affect combinations of genes?

Materials

2 paper bags

100 red beans

100 white beansProcedure

1. Place 50 red beans and 50 white beans into a paper bag. Place 50 red beans and 50 white beans into a second bag. Each bean represents an allele for flower color.

2. Label one of the bags female for the female parent Label the other bag male for the male parent.

3. Without looking inside the bags, remove one bean from each bag. The two beans represent the alleles that combine when the sperm and egg join.

4. Use a Punnett square to predict how many red/red, red/white, white/white combinations will be selected.

5. Make a table like the one shown with room for 100 data entries. Record the color combination of the beans each time you remove two beans. Then return them to their original bags and shake the bags.

6. Repeat step 5 ninety-nine times.

7. Count and record the total numbers of red/red, red/white and white/white bean combinations in your data table.

8. Compile and record the class totals.

Data and Observations

BeansRed/RedRed/WhiteWhite/White

Total

Class Total/ Ratio

Analyze

1. Which combination occurred most often? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. If red is dominant and white is recessive, how many plants have heterozygous genes?______________________________________________________________________________________________________3. How did your predicted/ expected results compare with your observed/ actual results?______________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. What was the ratio of red/red, red/white and white/white?______________________________________________________________________________________________________Conclude and Apply

5. What are the chances of selecting the same color in a pair of alleles each time?______________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Does chance affect allele combination? Explain.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7. How do the results of a small sample compare with the results of a large sample?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8. Hypothesize how you could get predicted results to be closer to actual results.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Activity 3.2

Concept Map Making

This time youre going to make a concept map about your understanding on genetics based on the experiments conducted by Gregor Johann Mendel. The following diagram will help you in performing this activity.

Things to Remember in Learning Episode No. 3 The Mendels principles include the concept of unit character, principle of dominance and recessiveness and the law of segregation. The concept of unit character states that within the peas are factors (later to be called genes) which control the expression of hereditary traits, and that these factors occur in pairs.

Principle of dominance and recessiveness states that one factor (gene) in a pair may mask the expression of the other. Law of segregation states that a pair of factors (genes) is segregated, or separated during the formation of gametes. That is, a gamete or sex cell (an egg or sperm) contains only one factor of the pair, and the other factor having gone to another gamete. Furthermore, the composition of one factor is not altered by the presence of another factor of another trait. Learning Episode 4

Applying Mendelian Principles- Test CrossesActivity 4

Problem Solving

Answer the following problems: 1. In pea plants, having axial position of flowers on stem (A) is dominant over the terminal position (a). A heterozygous axial flower position in a pea plant is allowed to pollinate by itself. Give the genotypes and phenotypes of the resulting F1.

2. 2. What will be the genotypes of offspring from the following matings? Indicate the frequencies of each genotype among them.

a. AABB x aaBB

c. AaBb x aabb

b. AaBB x AABb

d. AaBb x AaBb

3. Given this cross, TtGg x TtGg, fill-up the squares with the correct answer. Ovum

SpermTGTgtGtg

TG

Tg

tG

tg

a. How many are tall green? Short yellow? Tall yellow? Short green?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

b. Give the phenotypic ratio. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________Things to Remember in Learning Episode No. 4

Steps in Solving One-Factor Cross (Monohybrid Cross)1. Choose a letter to represent the genes in the cross.2. Write the genotypes (in symbols) of the parents involved in the cross (P1).3. Determine the possible gametes that the parents can reproduce.4. Place these gametes at the top and side of a Punnett square.5. Fill in the empty boxes of the Punnett square by writing the alleles from the gametes that combine in the appropriate boxes.6. Using the results written inside the boxes, answer the problem given. Steps in Solving Two- Factor Cross (Dihybrid)1. Select the letters to represent the genes. 2. Write the genotypes of (P1).3. Determine the possible gametes from (P1).4. Make a Punnett square. Enter the gametes.5. Complete the Punnett square by combining the gametes forming alleles on the appropriate boxes.6. Using the results from step 5, answer the problem. Terms Used in Modern Genetics1. Genes are units of information about heritable traits, transmitted from parents to offspring. Each gene has a specific location (locus) on a chromosome.

2. Mutation alters a genes molecular structure and its message about a trait. It may cause a trait to change, as when one gene for a flower color specifies white and a mutant form specifies yellow. All molecular forms of the same gene are known as alleles. 3. When offspring inherits a pair of identical alleles for a trait generation, we expect him to be a true-breeding lineage. Offspring of a cross between two individuals that breed true for different forms of a trait are hybrids; each one has inherited nonidentical alleles for the trait.

4. When a pair of alleles on homologous chromosomes is identical, this is a homologous condition. When the two are not identical, this is a heterozygous condition.

5. An allele is dominant when its effect on a trait masks that of any recessive allele paired with it. We use capital letters to signify dominant alleles and lowercase letters for recessive ones. A and a are examples.6. Pulling all this together, a homozygous dominant individual has a pair of dominant alleles (AA) for the trait being studied. A homozygous recessive individual has a pair of recessive alleles (aa), and a heterozygous individual has a pair of non-identical alleles (Aa). 7. Two terms help keep the distinction clear between genes and the traits they specify. Genotype refers to the particular alleles that an individual carries. Phenotype refers to an individuals observable traits.8. P stands for the parents, F1 for their first-generation offspring, and F2 for the second-generation offspring.

Based on the genetic concepts in this module and with your experiences as the best teacher, have small group discussion or just have personal reflection on the following:What I know about Genetics?What I want to know more about Genetics?What I learned from the topic?

Think on the importance of Mendelian principles in a real life situation. Explain.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Genetics is the science that deals with the study of heredity. Gregor Johann Mendel, an Austrian monk, was the first person to study genetics methodically through the used of garden pea (Pisum sativum) plants. Mendel chose the garden peas as his experimental subject because of some important factors. Seven traits were being studied wherein the traits can also be either dominant or recessive. There are various traits that follow the hypotheses or concepts formulated by Mendel. These hypotheses or concepts are the concepts of unit character, principle of dominance and recessiveness and the law of segregation.

To determine the probable outcome of experiments in monohybrid and dihybrid crossing, a Punnett square is used. It shows the phenotypes, or the effects of genes, and the genotypes, or the genetic makeup, of the organism. Mathematical computations are also used for better analysis of ratios.

Lets check your learning

I. Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter of your answer on the space provided. _______1. Curly hair is dominant over straight hair. If both parents with curly hair produced a child with straight hair, which of the following statements is true?a. The child is heterozygous for the straight hair character.

b. One of the parents is heterozygous curly.

c. Both parents have heterozygous gene pair for curly hair.

d. It is impossible for two parents with curly hair to have a child with straight hair.

_______ 2. Two gene pairs are assorting independently. A and B are the dominant genes while a and b are recessive. Which of the following is impossible to get?

a. an Ab gamete from an AaBb parent

b. an ab gamete from an aaBb parent

c. an Aabb offspring from AABb x AaBB

d. an AaBb offspring from AaBb x AaBb

_______ 3. Which of the following offspring is produced if a heterozygous pea plant is crossed with a homozygous short pea plant?

a. all tall

c. 2 tall, 1 short

b. all short

d. 2 tall, 2 short

_______ 4. What is the phenotype of this offspring- Yyss?

a. yellow, tall

c. green, short

b. yellow, short

d. green, tall

_______ 5. How many possible combinations are formed if the genotype is TtSs?

a. 2

b. 3

c. 4

d. 5

_______ 6. Which of these pairs of genes are alleles?

a. RY

b. Rr

c. YR

d. Rt

_______7. Which of the following charcters in garden peas is dominant?

a. terminal flower

c. round seed

b. green seed

d. short pea plant

_______ 8. What ratio of gene combination is obtained between a cross of a pure tall and a heterozygous tall plant?

a. 1:1

b. 3:1

c. 1:2:1

d. 2:2_______ 9. You can find out if a tall plant is homozygous or heterozygous by crossing it with:

I. itself through self-pollination.

II. a homozygous tall plant.

III. a heterozygous tall plant

IV. a homozygous dwarf plant.

a. I & II

b. III & IV

c. I, II, & III d. I, III & IV

_______ 10. Crosses between F1 pea plants from the cross AABB x aabb lead to F2 phenotypic ratios close to

a. 1:2:1

b. 3:1

c. 1:1:1:1

d. 9:3:3:1

II. Analogy

1. Carolus Linnaeus: taxonomy; ________________: genetics

2. same trait: purebred; contrasting trait: ________________3. inflated: pod shape; green: ________________

4. dominant: expressed; ________________:masked5. Aa x Aa: monohybrid cross; AABB x aabb: _______________III. Problem Solving. Solve the following problems.1. Mendel also performed experiments on hybrids. Suppose you are Mendel and you are doing a study on a flowering plant. Predict the colors of your plants offsprings when you cross-pollinate two hybrid red plants. Determine all the probable genotypes and phenotypes.

2. Suppose you cross-pollinate a purebred blue pitted bell flower with a purebred yellow smooth bell flower. Blue pitted is dominant over the yellow smooth bell. Determine the hybrid offspring in the F1 generation. State the genotype and phenotype. Then do cross study of the hybrids. Determine the genotypes and the phenotypes of the offspring.

Pre-test

I. 1. c

11. c2. c

12. a

3. c

13. c

4. d

14. d

5. b

15. b

6. c

II. 1. Genotypes of all possible offspring: All Yy7. a

Phenotype of offspring: All yellow8. a

2. Genotypes of all possible offspring: LL, Ll, ll9. b

Phenotype of all possible offspring: 10. b

LL and Ll= long wings; ll= short wingsActivities 1-3.1Answers vary. It depends upon the result of your research or experiment conducted.

Activity 3.2Activity 4

1. Genotypes: homozygous axial, heterozygous axial, homozygous terminal

Phenotypes: axial and terminal2.a. All offspring will be AaBB b. AABB, AABb, AaBB, AaBb (25% of each genotype)

c. AaBb, Aabb, aaBb, aabb (25% each genotype)

d. 1/16 AABB (6.25%), 1/8 AaBB (12.5%), 1/16 aaBB (6.25%), 1/8 AABb (12.5%) 1/4 AaBb (25%), 1/8 aaBb (12.5%), 1/16 AAbb (6.25%), 1/8 Aabb (12.5%), 1/16 aabb (6.25%)3. Ovum

SpermTGTgtGtg

TG

TTGGTTGg

TtGGTtGg

Tg

TTgGTTgg

TtgGTtgg

tG

tTGGtTGg

ttGGttGg

tg

tTgGtTgg

ttgGttgg

a. There are 9 tall and green peas; 3 short green; 3 tall yellow and 1 short yellow peas.b. The phenotypic ratio is 9:3:3:1. Post-testI. 1. c

II. 1. Gregor Mendel

2. c

2. hybrid

3. d

3. pod color

4. b

4. recessive

5. c

5. dihybrid cross

6. b

7. c

8. a

9. c

10. d

III. 1. Rr x Rr

RR, Rr, Rr, rr

3 red flowers and 1 white

1 homozygous red, 2 heterozygous red, 1 homozygous white

2. BB xbb

F1: BB, Bb, Bb, bb

Hybrid: Bb x bb

F2: BB, Bb, Bb, bb

Result: 2 heterozygous Bb, 1 homozygous BB,

1 homozygous bb

A. BooksAbad, May C. et.al. Teaching Guide in Science Biology. Batangas: United Eferza Academic Publications, Co. pp. 160-171

Aquino, Jesunino R. et.al. (2005). Biology. Manila: St. Augustine Publications, Inc. pp. 347-351Bordador, Carmita V. (2002). Science and Technology II- Biology. Pasig City: Anvil Publishing, Inc. pp. 297- 301

Capco, Carmelita M. (2003).Biology .Quezon City : Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. pp.403- 408Olivares, Maria et.al. Science and Technology for the Modern World II. Makati City: Diwa Scholastic Press Inc. pp. 200-202Starr, Cecie. et. al. (2006). Biology Concepts and Applications with Human Emphasis. (6th Ed.). Singapore: Thomson. pp. 152-158________________. (2009). Biology. Mandaluyong City: Book Media Press, Inc. pp. 166- 177

________________. Genetics: The Study of Inherited Traits. Pasig City: Bureau of Secondary EducationB. Cyber Tripwww.amazon.com/Gregor-Mendel-Genetics-Portraits-Science/www.scienceshorts.com/gmendel.htmwww.juliantrubin.com/bigten/mendelexperiments.htmlwww.wikinfo.org/index.php/Gregor_MendelEVALUATION SHEET ON THE MODULE

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( ) over 45Gender: ( ) Male

( ) FemaleCivil Status: ( ) Single

( ) Married (no. of children) ________ ( ) Others ________

To the Students/ Teachers: Please take time to fill out this evaluation questionnaire. Your comments on the module will help the writer in revising and improving.

PART. Instruction. Below are statements that refer to the module. Please circle your reaction to each statement using the following code:

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SDDASANAPART II. Instructions. Please answer the following questions briefly and sincerely. 1. Did you feel the need for a human teacher while working on this module?

( ) NO

If not, which of the following approximates your answer.

( ) Module is clear/ self-explanatory.

( ) Im an independent learner.

( ) Anyway, there is a classroom discussion later on.

( ) Others__________________________________

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If yes, which of the following approximates your answer?

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Specify the parts

__________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________

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( ) Make a clear copy of the material.

( ) Make the language conversational.

( ) Others _______________________________________________________________________

4. Approximately how much study time did you spend on the module? Check appropriate box.

( ) 1 hour

( ) 4 hours

( ) 2 hours

( ) 5 hours

( ) 3 hours

( ) others __________________________________

5. a. What did you particularly like in this module?

( ) Relevant content

( ) SAQs and ASAQs

( ) Clearly explained

( ) Interesting subject matter

( ) Easy to understand

( ) Systematic arrangement of topics( ) Attractive presentation

( ) Challenging( ) Applicable to my work/ life

( ) Appropriate illustrations( ) Informative

( ) others __________________________________( ) Encouraging remarks

b. What did you particularly dislike in this module?

( ) Typographical errors

( ) Not relevant to subject/ course

( ) Too time consuming

( ) Too many readings

( ) Poor binding

( ) Unclear readers

6. What additional comments would you like to give?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Department of Education

Region IPangasinan II Division

BAUTISTA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Bautista, Pangasinan

Winner by Default:

A Genetic Principle

Prepared by:RITCHIE G. MACALANDA

SST- IIIConsultants:

OLIVIA P. QUINTOHead Teacher III-Science

EDUARDO B. CASTILLOPrincipal IV

Page

Introduction

1

Statement of Purpose

2

Prerequisite Skills and Knowledge

3Instructional Objectives

3Diagnostic Pre-test

4Implementers

8Modular Programs

10

Learning Episode 1

10

Learning Episode 2

12

Learning Episode 3

19

Learning Episode 4

23Related Experiences

27Summary

28Evaluative Post-test

30Answer Key

33References

36Evaluation Sheet on the Module

38

INTRODUCTION

STATEMENT OF PURPOSE

PREREQUISITE SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

INSTRUCTIONAL

OBJECTIVES

DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST

Do you want to find the correct answers? Of course youre very eager to know. You can find the answers in the answer key at the last page of this module.

How many correct answers did you get? Well, dont worry. There are lots of funs in the following pages. Are you ready to learn? Good luck!

IMPLEMENTERS

What you need to prepare

Learning Episode 1

Computer

Broadband/ Internet

Flash drives

Ballpen

Paper

Learning Episode 3

2 paper bags

100 red beans

100 white beans

Paper

Ballpen

Learning Episode 2

Inventory survey forms

Pen/ marker

Learning Episode 4

Calculator (Optional)

Paper

Ballpen

Are you ready to have fun? Be a winner by default by exploring the world of genetics with me Enjoy!

MODULAR PROGRAMS

Welcome to the Learning Episodes

RELATED EXPERIENCES

SUMMARY

Were you able to perform all the tasks? I hope you did the activities with commitment and dedicationCongratulations for that

Now, its time to assess yourself if you really learned from this module by taking the evaluative post-testGOOD LUCK!

EVALUATIVE POST-TEST

ANSWER KEY

Mendels Principles

Monohybrid Cross

Dihybrid Cross

Law of Segregation

Concept of Unit Character

Principles of Dominance & Recessiveness

CongratulationsYoure really one of the best. Just continue searching for truth and be a winner by default

REFERENCES

A MODULE IN SCIENCE II

( BIOLOGY )

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE 38