Environmental Exposures and Cancer Risk Maryann Donovan, PhD, MPH March, 2010.
MODULE 6 Objectives: Students will learn about using risk reducing strategies to manage...
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Transcript of MODULE 6 Objectives: Students will learn about using risk reducing strategies to manage...
MODULE 6
Objectives: Students will learn about using risk reducing strategies to manage multiple-lane roads at speeds up to 65 mph in complex risk environments
Topics Covered: —Characteristics of Expressway—Entering, exiting traffic, steering, establishing
speed and lane positions, and traveling on multiple-lane roadways
—Managing interchanges, merging, exiting from traffic flow, and selecting vehicle positions in expressway driving
Expressways Expressways include interstate highways, freeways,
turnpikes, toll roads, parkways, and beltways—high speed roadways—divided by a barrier/medium—limited access highways—Have no traffic lights and many signs are designed to
break away when hit by a vehicle—Have exits and entrances only at certain locations—Have two or more lanes going in one direction—Have no cross traffic—Have higher injury severity rates—Rumble strips are installed on the edge of roads to alert
drivers who drift off the road—Are designed so that traffic either entering or exiting has
separate lanes from fast moving traffic and for low-risk high speed driving
Diamond expressway (interchanges) allows a driver to reenter the expressway by moving across the intersection of the secondary road
A trumpet interchange allows for interchange of second two-way streets to a multiple lane roadway with minimal traffic mix
Cloverleaf interchange allows two expressways to cross with minimal disruption—When entering an expressway, motorist should try to enter at
the same speed as traffic already on the expressway —The maximum speed limit on rural expressways in North
Carolina is 65 mph Interstate signs shaped like a shield are red, white and blue
Expressways Types/Signs
HOV (high occupancy vehicle) lanes are marked with a diamond
The red X over a lane means that traveling in that lane is prohibited
An interstate route with even numbers travel east and west routes
An interstate route with odd numbers travel north and south routes
The far right lane should be used for slower traffic; the far left lane should be used for faster traffic
Never go in reverse when you are driving on an expressway
Expressways Signs
Alternate routes that travel around the city begin with even numbers
A solid yellow line on any roadway should be on the drivers left side
The correct procedures for entering an expressway is to read ramp signs, search ahead and behind for gaps in traffic, adjust speed, merge and blend with traffic
Motorist should try to enter an expressway at the same speed as traffic already on the expressway— If a driver mistakenly enters the wrong entrance ramp and
is headed in the wrong destination -- continue on in that direction until you come to the next exit
—The most dangerous mistake to make when entering an expressway is entering the exit ramp
Expressway Entering
At expressway speeds, you should maintain a following distance of at least 3-4 seconds— Peripheral vision is affected by the speed of the vehicle
The correct procedures for changing lanes is check traffic ahead, behind, beside, signal, select gap, check blind spots, adjust speed, steer smoothly into lane, and cancel signal
A driver should increase their following distance on an expressway when
— Weather conditions are bad— Following large trucks— Being tailgated
Driving with the flow of traffic is the best way to maintain a space cushion around your vehicle
Expressway Speeds
Passing on an expressway includes special challenges for the novice driver which are— Higher speeds— Passing on the right and left— Vehicles and drivers on both sides moving into the same
lanes When exiting an expressway, it is important to
—Plan your exit in advance—Signal any changes in position—Move to the lane nearest the deceleration—this lane
allows the driver exiting the time and space needed to adjust vehicle speed
The best way to be prepared for a blocked lane is to allow for an escape route to one side of your vehicle
Expressway Passing and Exiting
When driving in large cities, traffic may stop abruptly—drivers must be attentive and prepared
A driver should increase their following distance when sleepy, being tailgated, and following an SUV—A dulled, drowsy, trance-like condition while driving is
known as highway hypnosis If you miss an exit, you should continue on to the
next exit and turn around—never make a U-turn on expressways
Construction zones usually have slower speed limits even on expressways
Managing Interchanges