Module 3

REDUCING YOUR CANCER RISK

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Session I: Smoking Cessation Workshop Objectives and Aims

• To become familiar with issues related to smoking and tobacco use

• To become familiar with health problems associated with smoking and tobacco use

• To become familiar with ways to stop smoking and tobacco use

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Let’s Talk About It• What risks does smoking pose for

you?• What risks does smoking pose for

those around you?• Why is it so difficult to quit

smoking?• What are some ways to quit

smoking?

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Sharing the Knowledge• Smoking-related diseases claim

an estimated 430,000 American lives each year.

• Smoking costs the United States approximately $97 billion each year in health-care costs and lost productivity

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Sharing the Knowledge• Approximately 30-35% of African-American men

smoke cigarettes, compared with 25% of white men. Hispanic men smoke at about the same rate as white men.

• The cigarette industry aggressively promotes cigarettes to both African-Americans and Hispanics.

• These promotional efforts include advertisements in publications aimed at minority groups, sponsorship of entertainment and cultural events drawing large minority audiences, and extensive use of billboards in minority neighborhoods

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Sharing the KnowledgeThe Damage Cigarettes Cause– heart disease: blood flow to the heart is critically

reduced – stroke: lack of blood flow to the brain from a blood

clot, or bleeding in the brain from a broken blood vessel

– osteoporosis: thinning or weakening of your bones – other cancers: such as cancer of the throat, mouth,

esophagus (food pipe), pancreas, kidney, bladder, and prostate

– impotence and infertility: problems having an erection and getting your wife or partner pregnant

– wrinkles: damages the skin and causes wrinkling

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Did You Know?• 20 minutes after quitting: Your blood

pressure drops back to normal. The temperature in your hands and feet increases, returning to normal.

• 8 hours after quitting: The carbon monoxide (a gas that can be toxic) in your blood drops to normal.

• 24 hours after quitting: Your chance of having a heart attack goes down.

• 2 days after quitting: You can taste and smell things better

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Did You Know?• 2 weeks to 3 months after quitting: You

have better circulation. Your lungs are working better.

• 1 to 9 months after quitting: Coughing, sinus congestion, fatigue, and shortness of breath decrease. Your lungs start to function better, lowering your risk of lung infection.

• 1 year after quitting: You reduce your risk for heart disease by half.

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Your Opinion Matters—Connecting the Knowledge Inside

• Menthol cigarettes is the number one type of cigarettes smoked by people of color. Why do you think that is?

• After all we know about the dangers of smoking why do people still smoke?

• Why do people still smoke when it harms others, especially children?

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Wrap-Up

• Quiz / Main Messages

LIVE WELL!

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Session II: Prostate and Testicular CancersWorkshop Objectives and Aims• To become familiar with issues related to

prostate and testicular cancer • To become familiar with health problems

associated with prostate and testicular cancer

• To become familiar with diagnosing and treating prostate and testicular cancer

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Let’s Talk About It1. What are some common myths about cancers?2. What is prostate cancer?3. What are some risk factors associated with

prostate cancer?4. Can you reduce your risk for prostate cancer?5. What are some of the treatment options for

prostate cancer? 6. What is testicular cancer?7. What are some risk factors associated with

testicular cancer?8. Can testicular cancer be treated?

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Sharing the Knowledge Cancer is the second leading cause of

death for African Americans, behind cardiovascular (heart) diseases.

African Americans are more likely to develop and die from cancer than any other racial or ethic population.

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Sharing the Knowledge Prostate (pros-tate) cancer is the

abnormal growth or “out-of control growth” of cells in the prostate gland. The prostate is a gland found only in men. The prostate is about the size of a walnut. It is just below the bladder and in front of the rectum.

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Sharing the Knowledge African American males have a

higher incidence and mortality rate for prostate cancer than Whites.

Ask your doctor about the PSA or DRE (digital rectal exam).

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Sharing the Knowledge Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a

protein produced by the cells of the prostate gland. The PSA test measures the level of PSA in the blood.

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Sharing the KnowledgeMethods to reduce risk of prostate cancer

include:

• Diet (e.g. foods that include lycopene—tomatoes, watermelon); certain other carotenoids, including beta-carotene and lutein have appeared in some studies to decrease prostate cancer risk.

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Sharing the KnowledgeMethods to reduce risk of prostate cancer

include:

• So eating daily servings of tomatoes, pumpkin, citrus fruits, and spinach may lower the risk of developing the disease

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Sharing the KnowledgeMethods to reduce risk of prostate cancer include:

• Some research has also suggested that Vitamin E supplements and a mineral called Selenium may also be protective. A large study is underway to investigate this possibility.

• The American Cancer Society recommends that African-American men begin routine annual screening starting at age 45.

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Did You Know?Common myths include: • Cancer is a death sentence• Cancer spreads when the air hits

it• Cancer is contagious• Prostate cancer treatment always

causes impotence

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Wrap-Up

• Quiz / Main Messages

LIVE WELL!

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Session III: Colorectal Cancer

Workshop Objectives and Aims • To become familiar with issues related

to colorectal cancer • To become familiar with health

problems associated with colorectal cancer

• To become familiar with diagnosing and treating colorectal cancer

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Let’s Talk About It• What is colorectal cancer?• What are some risk factors

associated with colorectal cancer?• Can you reduce your risk for

colorectal cancer?• What are some of the treatment

options for colorectal cancer?

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Sharing the Knowledge Colorectal cancer is a term used

to refer to cancer that starts in the colon or rectum.

The colon and rectum are part of the digestive system, also called the GI (gastrointestinal) system. This is where food is processed to create energy and rid the body of solid waste matter (stool).

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Sharing the Knowledge We now know that most of these cancers

begin as a polyp--a growth of tissue that starts in the lining and grows into the center of the colon or rectum.

A type of polyp known as an adenoma can become cancerous. Removing the polyp early may prevent it from becoming cancer.

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Sharing the Knowledge Your chance of having colorectal

cancer goes up after age 50. More than 9 out of 10 people found to have colorectal cancer are older than 50.

For this reason, most major medical organizations recommend that routine screening for colorectal cancer begin at age 50.

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Did You Know?•Diet: A diet high in fat, especially fat from

animal sources, can increase the risk of colorectal cancer. Over time, eating a lot of red meats and processed meats can increase colorectal cancer risk.

•Lack of exercise: People who are not active have a higher risk of colorectal cancer.

•Overweight: Being very overweight increases a person's risk of dying from colorectal cancer.

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Did You Know?•Smoking: Most people know that smoking causes

lung cancer, but recent studies show that smokers are 30% to 40% more likely than nonsmokers to die of colorectal cancer. Smoking increases the risk of many other cancers, too.

•Alcohol: Heavy use of alcohol has been linked to colorectal cancer.

•Diabetes: People with diabetes have a 30% increased chance of getting colorectal cancer. They also tend to have a higher death rate from this cancer.

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Wrap-Up

• Quiz / Main Messages

LIVE WELL!