Module 3Module 3ED 300 Educational psychology

Mr. John Jenkins

Spring 2007

Franklin Palacios

Bruce Camacho

Regina Doone

Jean PiagetJean Piaget

*Swiss Psychologist who studied the learning behavior of children.

*Introduced the cognitive-developmental theory.

*Theory based on the assumption that people try to create knowledge through direct experience with objects, people, and ideas.

*Identified the 4 stages of cognitive development.

Contributions…Contributions…Piaget’s

developmental perspective convinced others in his field that children are active learners.

His theory encouraged the development of educational philosophies and programs that emphasize learning through direct contact with the environment.

The stages of cognitive development are associated with specific ages and serve as general guidelines and not as labels.

People use one level of thinking to solve on kind of problem and a different level to solve another.

SchemesSchemes

* The basic building blocks of thinking.

* Mental systems or categories of perception and experience.

* People tend to organize thinking processes into psychological structures.

* System of understanding and interacting with the world.

Sensorimotor StageSensorimotor StagePiaget’s first

stage, during which infants and toddlers “think” with their eyes, ears, hands and other sensorimotor equipment.

Spans the first two years of life.

Major AccomplishmentsMajor Accomplishments

Object permanence

*The understanding that objects exists in the environment whether the baby perceives them or not.

Goal-directed actions

*Deliberate actions to achieve a goal

Preoperational StagePreoperational Stage

*The stage before a child masters logical mental operations.

*Use of symbols to represent action schemes

* Children imitate what they see.

*Found between the ages of 2 and 7 years old.

Concrete-operationalConcrete-operational * Stage in which

thought is logical, flexible, and organized in its application to concrete information

* “Hands-on thinking”

* Extends to about 7 to 11 years of age

* Activity: blocks to demonstrate “parts” of a “whole” and “One-half”

Formal OperationalFormal Operational

* Final stage In which adolescents develop the capacity for abstract, scientific thinking.

* Main characteristic of this stage is the use of logical thinking and understanding.

* Begins at around age 11 years old.

* Activity: Debates-tied into Social studies or Research activities-Science. Example: Possible alternative energy sources in the CNMI.

What are Formal What are Formal Operations?Operations?

Mental tasks involving abstract thinking and coordination of a number of variables.

Focus of thinking shifts from what “is” to what “might be”.

Hypo-deductive reasoning—a problem solving strategy that requires organized, scientific thinking to generate different possibilities for a given situation.

Adolescent egocentrism—assumptions that everyone else shares one’s thoughts, feelings, and concerns.

Key TermsKey TermsDisequilibrium: In Piaget’s theory, the “out-of-balance” state that occurs when a person realizes that his or her current ways of thinking are not working to solve a problem or understand a situation.

Sensorimotor: Encompasses the use of the 5 senses and motor activity.

Operations: Actions a person carries out by thinking them through instead of literally performing the actions.

Preoperational: The stage before a child masters logical and mental operations.

Concrete Operations : Mental tasks tied to concrete objects and situations.

Continued…Continued…Concrete operations: Concrete tasks tied to

concrete objects and situations.Egocentric: Assuming the others experience

the world the way you do.

Guidelines…

Conservation:

Hypothetical thinking

“If a card has a vowel on one side, then it has an even number on the other side.”

Take a look at the cards below and and tell me, which cards do I need to turn over to tell if this rule is actually true?