IRC Section 42 Low Income Housing Tax Credits and IRC Section 47 Historic Tax Credits
Module 28 Individual Tax Computation, Credits, and Alternative Minimum Tax
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Transcript of Module 28 Individual Tax Computation, Credits, and Alternative Minimum Tax
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Module 28Individual Tax
Computation, Credits, and Alternative Minimum Tax
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Menu
Filing requirements Computation of regular tax liability Tax credits of individuals Estimated tax payments Alternative minimum tax
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Filing Requirements
Key Learning ObjectivesKey Learning Objectives
Determination of filing statusDetermination of filing status Who must file a returnWho must file a return Which return should be filedWhich return should be filed
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Filing Status
Married, joint Married, separate Head of household Single Dependent on another's return
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Head of Household Rules
Be relative from “short list” Provide > 50% of cost of household Relative must
(a) Be a qualifying dependent or (a) Be a qualifying dependent or (b) Live in same household(b) Live in same household
If child need (b) but not (a) If parent need (a) but not (b) Other qualifying relative need (a) & (b)
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In Class Exercise (1)Determining Filing Status
The taxpayer (single, 52, with good sight) 20-year-old son lives with him Son does not pay room and board Son is a full-time graduate student and earns
$8,000 as a TA What information is missing to determine
dependency question? On facts, what is father’s filing status?
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Solution: In Class Exercise (1)Determining Filing Status
What information is missing to determine dependency question?
Son is <24 and full time student, so GI not issue You need to know if father paid >50% of
support Did Son or anyone else spend money on Son’sDid Son or anyone else spend money on Son’s
support? support? If yes, Dad must spend at least $1 moreIf yes, Dad must spend at least $1 more
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Solution: In Class Exercise (1)Determining Filing Status (con’t)
On facts, what is father’s filing status? Head of Household
Father pays 100% of cost to run homeFather pays 100% of cost to run home Son must live with fatherSon must live with father Son need not be dependent, so missing Son need not be dependent, so missing
information is not needed information is not needed
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In Class Exercise (2)Determining Filing Status
Lucy is single, 67 years of age She provides more than one-half the support for
Ethel, who is Lucy's best friend Ethel is 70 years old, single, and lives legally in
Lucy's home for the entire year Ethel is a citizen of the United States and has
income from Social Security of $6,000 What is Lucy's total standard deduction and how
many exemptions can she claim?
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Solution: In Class Exercise (2)Determining Filing Status
What is Lucy's total standard deduction ? Filing status = single Ethyl is not a relative so Head of Household is
not available $ of SD = 4,400 + 1,100* = 5,500
* Increase for age > 65* Increase for age > 65 How many exemptions can she claim? Two, one for herself and one for Ethyl
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Gross Income (GI) Testfor Filing
Must file if GI exceeds Sum of personal exemptions only standard
deduction (SD), and add on for age only If dependent no PE but get add-on for
blindness and age
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Must File to Pay Self-Employment Taxes
Need to file even if GI test not met if SE (Sch. C) income >$400 Remember SE tax rate can be as high as
15.3% of each dollar
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Which Form to File
1040 EZ1040 EZ 1040A1040A 10401040
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Computation of Regular Tax Liability
Key Learning Objectives (1)
Calculating tax using Tax tables Tax tables Tax rate schedulesTax rate schedules
Marriage penalty Special tax calculation for a child < age 14
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Tax rates--Determined by Filing Status
If taxable income <$100,000 use tables Otherwise, use tax rate schedules Special rules for dependents under 14 years
of age
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In Class Exercise Determining Tax Liability--
Marge has $102,000 of taxable income Marge is not married Her 12-year-old daughter lives with Marge's
former husband He signed Form 8332 releasing exemption,
so Marge gets to claim the daughter Excerpt from 2000 Tax Table on next slide
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Excerpt from 2000 Tax TableIf taxable income is
At least But lessthan
The Tax is FilingStatus
63,550 132,600 14,381.50 Single105,950990,800
161,450147,050
23,965.5020,854.50
+ 31%of excess ofincome over
MFJ HH
taxablecolumn 1
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Solution: In Class Exercise Determining Tax Liability--2000 Tax liability = $26,301Tax liability = $26,301 Marge must file as single since child does Marge must file as single since child does
not live with her, even though she gets the not live with her, even though she gets the exemptionexemption
Information given was taxable income, so Information given was taxable income, so no adjustment was needed for deductions no adjustment was needed for deductions from AGIfrom AGI
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In Class Exercise Determining Tax Liability--2000
Use the tax rate schedules on previous slide Use the tax rate schedules on previous slide to calculate tax liabilities for the following to calculate tax liabilities for the following taxpayers:taxpayers:
Single, TI = 128,228Single, TI = 128,228 Married, joint, TI = 139,100Married, joint, TI = 139,100 Head of Household, TI = 145,104Head of Household, TI = 145,104
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Solution: In Class ExerciseSingle, Tax Liability
TI 128,228TI 128,228 TAX 34,432TAX 34,432
(128,228 - 63,550) * .31 + 14381.50 (128,228 - 63,550) * .31 + 14381.50
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Solution: In Class ExerciseMarried Joint, Tax Liability
TITI 139,100139,100 TAXTAX 34,24234,242
(139,100 - 105,950) * .31 + 23965.50 (139,100 - 105,950) * .31 + 23965.50
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Solution: In Class ExerciseHead, Tax Liability
TITI 145,104 145,104 TAXTAX 37,689 37,689
(145,104 - 90,800) * .31 + 20854.50 (145,104 - 90,800) * .31 + 20854.50
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Taxation if Claimed on Another's Return
Calculate taxable income Determine if subject to “Kiddie Tax” Calculate tax liability
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If Claimed By AnotherCalculate Taxable Income
For all dependent filers calculate taxable income using this rule
AGI - SD** = TI **SD = standard deduction
Assumes taxpayer does not itemizeAssumes taxpayer does not itemize No personal exemption allowed
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If Claimed By AnotherCalculate Taxable Income
SD will be between $700 & $4,400 (2000) SD > $700 is a function of
earned income plus $250
SD limited in total to $4,400 plus any increases for age or blindness
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If Claimed By AnotherDetermine if Kiddie Tax Applies
<13 years old AND Unearned income >$1,400** Then must use Kiddie Tax (KT) rules ** Twice the dependent SD
$700 in 2000 $700 in 2000 If dependent filer itemizes, amount could be If dependent filer itemizes, amount could be
differentdifferent
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If Claimed By Another Calculate Tax
If KT n/a use normal rules If KT applies
(1) Am't taxed at parent's rates is Unearned - $1,400
(2) Remainder taxed at lowest rates for dependent’s filing status
(3) Total tax = sum of 1 & 2
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In Class Exercise 1: Dependent Filer Tax Calculation
Taxpayer is claimed on another's return and has the following income:
Salary = 3,750 Taxable Interest = 5,000
AGI = 8,750PE = 0
SD (salary + 250) = (4,000)TI = 4,750
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Solution In Class Exercise 1:Dependent Filer Tax Calculation
If filer is >13 the tax = $716 (Table) If filer <13 use KT rules
Unearned income (5,000 - 1,400) = 3,600
Remaining T/I = (4,750 - 3,600)= 1,150
TI 4,750Parents 's MTR = 31%
TL = 3,600 x .31 + 1,150 (table)
1,116 + 174 = $1,290
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In Class Exercise 2:Dependent Filer Tax Calculation
Taxpayer is claimed on another's return and has the following income:
Salary = -0- Taxable Interest = 9,000
AGI = 9,000PE = 0
SD = (700)
TI = 8,300
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In Class Exercise 2:Dependent Filer Tax Calculation
If filer is >13 the tax = $1,249 (Table)
If filer <13 use KT rules
Unearned income (9,000 - 1,400) = 7,600
Remaining TI (8,300 - 7,600)= 700
TI 8,300
Parent's MTR is 28%
TL = 7,600 x .28 + 700 (per table) 2,128 + 107 = 2,235
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In Class Exercise 3:Dependent Filer Tax Calculation
Taxpayer is claimed on another's return and has the following income:
Salary = 5,000 Taxable Interest = 9,000
AGI = 14,000PE = 0
SD = (4,400)
TI = 9,600
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In Class Exercise 3:Dependent Filer Tax Calculation
If filer is >13 the tax = $1,444 (Table)
If filer <13 use KT rules
Unearned income (9,000 - 1,400) = 7,600
Remaining TI (9,600 - 7,600)= 2,000
TI 9,600
Parent's MTR is 28%
TL = 7,600 x .28 + 2,000 (per table) 2,128 + 302 = 2,430
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In Class Exercise 4:Dependent Filer Standard Add-on
Taxpayer is LEGALLY BLIND, claimed on another's return and has following income:
Salary = -0- Taxable Interest = 9,000
AGI = 9,000PE = 0
SD = (1,800) *
TI = 7,200
*Calculate SD using limits, THEN add bump for age/blindness
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In Class Exercise 4:Dependent Filer Tax Calculation
If filer is >13 the tax = $1,084 (Table)
If filer <13 use KT rules BUT here taxable income (7,200) is less than unearned (9,000) so all income is taxed at parents’ MTR
Parent's MTR is 36%
TL = 7,200 x .36 + 0 (per table) 2,592 + 0 = 2,592
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Computation of Regular Tax Liability
Key Learning Objectives (2)Key Learning Objectives (2) Self employment taxSelf employment tax Domestic service employment taxDomestic service employment tax
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Tax Credits of Individuals
Key Learning Objectives (1)
Refundable vs. nonrefundable credits Taxes withheld Social security tax overpayments Earned income credit Child and dependent care credit
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Tax Credits of Individuals
Key Learning Objectives (2)Key Learning Objectives (2)
Mortgage certificate creditMortgage certificate credit Elderly and disabled person creditElderly and disabled person credit Foreign tax creditForeign tax credit
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Estimated Tax Payments
Key Learning Objectives
Who must pay Regular installment method High income installment method Annualized installment method
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Estimated Tax Payments & Withholding
All taxpayers must pay "as you go" Withholding automatic if W2 income All other income
Pay by voucherPay by voucher Pay quarterlyPay quarterly
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Due Dates & Extensions
Individual returns generally due April 15April 15
Must file written request to extend
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Penalties & Interest
File return, even if no money Contact IRS for payment schedules Ignoring is never good strategy Penalties sometimes abated for cause Interest only abated if IRS is grossly late
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Alternative Minimum Tax of Individuals
Key Learning ObjectivesKey Learning Objectives Calculation formulaCalculation formula AMT preferences and adjustmentsAMT preferences and adjustments ExemptionsExemptions Tax ratesTax rates AMT creditAMT credit Carryover of creditCarryover of credit
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AMT Background
Policy reasonPolicy reason History of individual provisionsHistory of individual provisions Compliance burdenCompliance burden
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AMT Concepts
Parallel tax systemParallel tax system AMT is a separate tax systemAMT is a separate tax system Differences will exist between regular taxable Differences will exist between regular taxable
income and AMTIincome and AMTI Prepayment systemPrepayment system
AMT accelerates income and defers deductionsAMT accelerates income and defers deductions Minimum tax credit available for future yearsMinimum tax credit available for future years
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Individual AMT FormulaAMT Tax Base
Taxable incomeTaxable income
+ NOL deduction+ NOL deduction
+ Tax preferences+ Tax preferences
+/- Adjustments+/- Adjustments
Tentative AMTITentative AMTI
- AMT NOL (90% limit)- AMT NOL (90% limit)
AMTIAMTI
- Exemption- Exemption
AMT BaseAMT Base
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Individual AMT Formula AMT Tax Calculation
ATM BaseATM Base
x 26 / 28%x 26 / 28%
Tentative minimum tax before FTCTentative minimum tax before FTC
Minus AMT FTC (90% limit)Minus AMT FTC (90% limit)
Tentative minimum taxTentative minimum tax
Minus regular tax (after FTC)Minus regular tax (after FTC)
AMT (if positive)AMT (if positive)
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Common Adjustments: Deductions From AGI
Exemptions**Exemptions** ** Tax form does this by picking up taxable ** Tax form does this by picking up taxable
income before exemptions are deductedincome before exemptions are deducted Standard deduction ORStandard deduction OR Lessor of medical or 2.5% of AGILessor of medical or 2.5% of AGI 100% of taxes paid100% of taxes paid
Also delete refund included in incomeAlso delete refund included in income
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Common Adjustments: Deductions From AGI (con’t)
Equity interest on homeEquity interest on home Difference between regular and AMT Difference between regular and AMT
investment interest expenseinvestment interest expense 100% of remaining misc. 2% deductions100% of remaining misc. 2% deductions
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In Class Exercise: AMT Adjustments From AGI
What is the AMT adjustment relating to the What is the AMT adjustment relating to the following deductions from AGI?following deductions from AGI?
ExemptionsExemptions 5,400 5,400 TaxesTaxes 15,000 15,000 Interest on home mortgageInterest on home mortgage
AcquisitionAcquisition 13,000 13,000 EquityEquity 4,560 4,560
Charitable contributionsCharitable contributions 1,300 1,300
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Solution: In Class Exercise: AMT Adjustments From AGI
Add back these deductions from AGI: Exemptions 5,400** Taxes 15,000 Interest on home mortgage
EquityEquity 4,560 Total adjustment 24,960
**Amount does not show up on tax form**Amount does not show up on tax form
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Common Tax PreferencesBusiness Related Items
Difference between regular and AMT Difference between regular and AMT investment interest expenseinvestment interest expense
Depreciation adjustmentsDepreciation adjustments Gain/loss adjustments on sale of propertyGain/loss adjustments on sale of property Incentive stock optionsIncentive stock options Excess percentage depletion/IDCExcess percentage depletion/IDC
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In Class Exercise: AMT Depreciation Adjustments
John is a CPA with a Schedule CJohn is a CPA with a Schedule C He bought office furniture for $20,000 in JuneHe bought office furniture for $20,000 in June He elected to expense $18,500 under §179He elected to expense $18,500 under §179 The furniture is 7-year property The furniture is 7-year property
200% for MACRS 200% for MACRS 150% for ADS 150% for ADS
What is John’s AMT depreciation adjustment? What is John’s AMT depreciation adjustment?
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Solution--In Class Exercise: AMT Depreciation Adjustments
CostCost 20,00020,000
Sec. 179 expenseSec. 179 expense 18,50018,500**
Depreciable basisDepreciable basis 1,500 1,500
*allowed for both regular tax and AMT*allowed for both regular tax and AMT
MACRS: 1,500 x .1429 = 214MACRS: 1,500 x .1429 = 214
ADS: 1,500 x .1071 = ADS: 1,500 x .1071 = 161161
AMT adjustment (+) 53AMT adjustment (+) 53
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AMT ExemptionBase Amount
Determined by filing status
Married, joint 45,000
Married, separate 22,500
Single//Head of household 33,750
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AMT ExemptionPhase Out
Determined by filing status Phase out starts when AMTI equals
Married, joint 150,000Married, separate 75,000
Single//Head of household112,500
Reduced by 25 of excess
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In Class Exercise: Calculating the AMT Exemption
John has AMTI of $190,000John has AMTI of $190,000 What is his statutory exemption and AMT What is his statutory exemption and AMT
base if he filesbase if he files
Single?Single?
Married, separate?Married, separate?
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Solution--In Class Exercise: Calculating the AMT Exemption
Exemption filing single: 14,375
14,375 = 33,750 -
.25 x (190,000-112,500)
AMTI 190,000
Exemption 14,375
AMT Base 175,625
Exemption filing married, separate: -0-
-0- = 22,500 -
.25 x (190,000 - 75,000)
AMTI 190,000
Exemption - 0 -
AMT Base 190,000
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AMT Tax Rates
Determined by AMTI amount 26% on first 754,000
87,500 if married, separate87,500 if married, separate 28% on amount over 175,000
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In Class Exercise: Calculating the AMT Tax
Calculate tentative AMT tax before credits for a single taxpayer if AMTI is 95,00095,000 295,000295,000
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Solution: In Class Exercise: Calculating the AMT Tax
24,70024,700
AMTI = 95,000AMTI = 95,000
Tax rate 26%Tax rate 26%
AMT tax AMT tax
before creditsbefore credits 24,70024,700
79,10079,100
AMTI = 295,000AMTI = 295,000
Tax rate 26% Tax rate 26% on 175,000on 175,000
Tax rate 28% Tax rate 28% on 120,000on 120,000
AMT taxAMT tax
before credits before credits 79,10079,100 45,500 + 33,60045,500 + 33,600
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Minimum Tax Credit
AMT paid in one year can offset regular tax AMT paid in one year can offset regular tax in a later yearin a later year
Carry forward onlyCarry forward only Not time limitNot time limit Cannot offset AMT Cannot offset AMT Based on adjusted net minimum taxBased on adjusted net minimum tax
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Minimum Tax Credit Adjusted Net Minimum Tax
Difference betweenDifference between AMT actually paid ANDAMT actually paid AND AMT calculated using exclusionsAMT calculated using exclusions
See next slideSee next slide
Reduced by any credit used in pastReduced by any credit used in past
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Adjusted Net Minimum TaxExclusions
Itemized deductions or standardItemized deductions or standard Personal exemptionsPersonal exemptions The following preference itemsThe following preference items
Percentage depletionPercentage depletion Tax exempt interestTax exempt interest
Exemption phaseout is recalculatedExemption phaseout is recalculated
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In Class Exercise: Calculating The Minimum Tax Credit (1)
AMT BaseAMT Base AMTI AMTI Tentative AMTTentative AMT 128,750128,750 95,000* 95,000* 24,700 24,700 Regular tax = 13,000Regular tax = 13,000 AMT liability = 11,700 (24,700 - 13,000)AMT liability = 11,700 (24,700 - 13,000)
* Single, gets full exemption of 33,750* Single, gets full exemption of 33,750 Calculate the Minimum Tax Credit IFCalculate the Minimum Tax Credit IF
AMT base using only exclusions would be AMT base using only exclusions would be 70,000 smaller70,000 smaller
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Solution: In Class Exercise (1) : Calculating Minimum Tax Credit Revised AMT baseRevised AMT base 128,750 - 70,000128,750 - 70,000 AMT BaseAMT Base AMTI AMTI Tentative AMTTentative AMT
58,75058,750 25,000* 25,000* 6,600 6,600 Regular tax = 13,000Regular tax = 13,000 AMT liability = 0 (6,600 < 13,000)AMT liability = 0 (6,600 < 13,000)
* Single, gets full exemption of 33,750* Single, gets full exemption of 33,750 Credit = Credit = 24,700 24,700
Entire AMT liability for year since there is no exclusion Entire AMT liability for year since there is no exclusion alternative minimum taxalternative minimum tax
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In Class Exercise: Calculating The Minimum Tax Credit (2)
AMT BaseAMT Base AMTI AMTI Tentative AMTTentative AMT 295,000295,000 295,000*295,000* 79,10079,100 Regular tax = 50,000Regular tax = 50,000 AMT liability = 29,100 (79,100-50,000)AMT liability = 29,100 (79,100-50,000)
*Single, gets 0 exemption after phaseout*Single, gets 0 exemption after phaseout Calculate the Minimum Tax Credit IFCalculate the Minimum Tax Credit IF
AMT base using only exclusions would be 80,000 AMT base using only exclusions would be 80,000 smallersmaller
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Solution: In Class Exercise (2) : Calculating Minimum Tax Credit
Revised AMT baseRevised AMT base295,000 - 80,000295,000 - 80,000 AMT BaseAMT Base AMTI AMTI Tentative AMTTentative AMT
215,000215,000 206,875*206,875* 54,425**54,425** Regular tax = 50,000Regular tax = 50,000 AMT liability = 4,425 (54,425-50,000)AMT liability = 4,425 (54,425-50,000)
*Single, gets 8,125 exemption after phaseout*Single, gets 8,125 exemption after phaseout 33,750 - (215,000-112,500) x .2533,750 - (215,000-112,500) x .25
**Tentative AMT = 54,425**Tentative AMT = 54,425 175,000 x .26 + 31,875 x .28175,000 x .26 + 31,875 x .28
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Solution: In Class Exercise (2) : Calculating Minimum Tax Credit Minimum Tax Credit = 24,700Minimum Tax Credit = 24,700
29,100 - 4,42529,100 - 4,425