Module 12 Sleep and Dreams Chapter 3, Pages 138-154 Essentials of Understanding Psychology- Sixth...

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Module 12 Sleep and Dreams Chapter 3, Pages 138-154 Essentials of Understanding Psychology- Sixth Edition PSY110 Psychology © Richard Goldman October 16, 2006

Transcript of Module 12 Sleep and Dreams Chapter 3, Pages 138-154 Essentials of Understanding Psychology- Sixth...

Page 1: Module 12 Sleep and Dreams Chapter 3, Pages 138-154 Essentials of Understanding Psychology- Sixth Edition PSY110 Psychology © Richard Goldman October.

Module 12Sleep and Dreams

Chapter 3, Pages 138-154Essentials of Understanding Psychology- Sixth Edition

PSY110 Psychology

© Richard Goldman

October 16, 2006

Page 2: Module 12 Sleep and Dreams Chapter 3, Pages 138-154 Essentials of Understanding Psychology- Sixth Edition PSY110 Psychology © Richard Goldman October.

Consciousness

Awareness of sensations, thoughts, and feelings at the moment

Altered states of consciousness: Sleeping and Dreaming Drug use Hypnosis

Page 3: Module 12 Sleep and Dreams Chapter 3, Pages 138-154 Essentials of Understanding Psychology- Sixth Edition PSY110 Psychology © Richard Goldman October.

Stages of Sleep 5 Distinct stages:

Stage 1 – Brief transition period – Rapid low amplitude brain waves

Stage 2 – Longest period of sleep – Slower more regular brain waves – brief periods of sleep spindles

Stage 3 – Even slower and larger brain waves Stage 4 – Slowest and largest brain waves – Only

achieved during the first early part of the night REM (Rapid Eye Movement) – Dreaming occurs,

increase in hart rate & blood pressure – accounts for ~20% of sleep time.

Complete cycle ~ 90 minutes

Page 4: Module 12 Sleep and Dreams Chapter 3, Pages 138-154 Essentials of Understanding Psychology- Sixth Edition PSY110 Psychology © Richard Goldman October.
Page 5: Module 12 Sleep and Dreams Chapter 3, Pages 138-154 Essentials of Understanding Psychology- Sixth Edition PSY110 Psychology © Richard Goldman October.

Stages of Sleep

Page 6: Module 12 Sleep and Dreams Chapter 3, Pages 138-154 Essentials of Understanding Psychology- Sixth Edition PSY110 Psychology © Richard Goldman October.

Why Do We Sleep

We do not know – However it is necessary

Page 7: Module 12 Sleep and Dreams Chapter 3, Pages 138-154 Essentials of Understanding Psychology- Sixth Edition PSY110 Psychology © Richard Goldman October.

How much sleep is necessary

Changes with age The older you get the less you sleep We currently sleep about 3 hrs less/night

than 100 yrs ago Sleep deprivation causes a reduction in

cognitive ability & recent memory Sleep deprivation does not have a lasting

effect

Page 8: Module 12 Sleep and Dreams Chapter 3, Pages 138-154 Essentials of Understanding Psychology- Sixth Edition PSY110 Psychology © Richard Goldman October.

Teen Sleep

Teens tend to get sleepier later (11:00pm) and wake later

Page 9: Module 12 Sleep and Dreams Chapter 3, Pages 138-154 Essentials of Understanding Psychology- Sixth Edition PSY110 Psychology © Richard Goldman October.

Function & Meaning of Dreams

Nightmares – common – people often have about 24 per year Most dreams are about what you do Meaning of Dream

Unconscious Wish Fulfillment Theory – Freud Latent Content of dreams - Actual Meaning Manifest Content of dreams – overt dream Interpretations tend to be sexually oriented

Research shows that emotion & motivation parts of the brain are active during REM sleep.

Dream-for-Survival Theory – Dreaming reprocess recent events, sifts and strengthens memory

Activation-Synthesis Theory – Dreaming is triggered by random brain activity then the brain tries to make sense of it

Page 10: Module 12 Sleep and Dreams Chapter 3, Pages 138-154 Essentials of Understanding Psychology- Sixth Edition PSY110 Psychology © Richard Goldman October.

Circadian Rhythm 1-day wake/sleep

cycle Controlled by SCN

(Suprachiasmatic Nucleus) in brain

Affected by seasons (amount of light and dark)

Circadian rhythms are important in determining the sleeping and feeding patterns of all animals.

There are clear patterns of brain wave activity, hormone production, cell regeneration and other biological activities linked to this daily cycle.

The term "circadian", coined by Franz Halberg, comes from the Latin circa, "around", and dies, "day", meaning literally "about a day.“

The formal study of biological temporal rhythms such as daily, weekly, seasonal, and annual rhythms, is called chronobiology.

Page 11: Module 12 Sleep and Dreams Chapter 3, Pages 138-154 Essentials of Understanding Psychology- Sixth Edition PSY110 Psychology © Richard Goldman October.

Sleep Disturbances Insomnia - Can’t get to sleep

¼ of the population have it Some people do not really know how much they sleep

(they often sleep much more than they believe) Sleep Apnea – Heavy snoring – Stop breathing

SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) may be related CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) devices

can help Changing body position (elevate head) can help Surgery Other devices, solutions, etc.

Page 12: Module 12 Sleep and Dreams Chapter 3, Pages 138-154 Essentials of Understanding Psychology- Sixth Edition PSY110 Psychology © Richard Goldman October.

Sleep Disturbances (Continued)

SAD – Seasonal Affective Disorder – Depression related to the lack of sunshine Short winter days Exposure to full spectrum light can help

Jet Lag Disparity between personal internal clock and actual

local time Shift Changes People are usually able adjust to different wake/sleep

cycles over time. Continual changes create continual problems.

Page 13: Module 12 Sleep and Dreams Chapter 3, Pages 138-154 Essentials of Understanding Psychology- Sixth Edition PSY110 Psychology © Richard Goldman October.
Page 14: Module 12 Sleep and Dreams Chapter 3, Pages 138-154 Essentials of Understanding Psychology- Sixth Edition PSY110 Psychology © Richard Goldman October.

Daydreams

Dreaming (fantasying) without sleeping Accounts for about 10% of wake time Reduces awareness of surroundings by varying

degrees

Page 15: Module 12 Sleep and Dreams Chapter 3, Pages 138-154 Essentials of Understanding Psychology- Sixth Edition PSY110 Psychology © Richard Goldman October.

Ways To Sleep Better

Exercise Establish a fixed sleep pattern Use bed for sleep (&sex) only – Not TV etc. Avoid caffeine after noon Drink warm milk at bedtime (contains

tryptophan) Avoid sleeping pills Visit a sleep disorder clinic

Page 16: Module 12 Sleep and Dreams Chapter 3, Pages 138-154 Essentials of Understanding Psychology- Sixth Edition PSY110 Psychology © Richard Goldman October.

To establish a sleep pattern:

Go to bed at an established time If you can’t fall asleep get up do something

until you are tired Get up at an established time Do not take naps during the day