Module 1 - Introduction to Geology

Module 1Module 1

The Scope of GeologyThe Scope of Geology

RUANG LINGKUP GEOLOGIRUANG LINGKUP GEOLOGI

• Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi• Ilmu-ilmu terkait dengan geologi• Sistem dalam geologi• Mengapa belajar geologi?

Pengertian dan cara belajar geologiPengertian dan cara belajar geologi

• Geology Geology is the study of the Earth as a whole, its origin, is the study of the Earth as a whole, its origin, structure, composition, and history (including the structure, composition, and history (including the development of life), and the nature of the processes development of life), and the nature of the processes which have given rise to its present state.which have given rise to its present state.

Whitten, DGA and Brooks, JRV. 1977. Whitten, DGA and Brooks, JRV. 1977. The Penguin Dictionary of The Penguin Dictionary of GeologyGeology. Middlesex: Penguin Books. p. 204.. Middlesex: Penguin Books. p. 204.

Pertanyaan:• Cari definisi lain dari buku-buku geologi

berbahasa Inggris di Perpustakaan Pusat.

• Mengikuti pendidikan kebumianMengikuti pendidikan kebumian• Lokatama untuk belajar geologi:Lokatama untuk belajar geologi:

– Perpustakaan termasuk internetPerpustakaan termasuk internet– Laboratorium (studio) dan museum geologiLaboratorium (studio) dan museum geologi– LapanganLapangan

• Sebagaimana pembelajaran ilmu alam yang lain, Sebagaimana pembelajaran ilmu alam yang lain, dalam menghadapi bahan atau fenomena geologi dalam menghadapi bahan atau fenomena geologi perlu dilakukan:perlu dilakukan:– Observasi (pengamatan),Observasi (pengamatan),– Analisis, danAnalisis, dan– SintesisSintesis


Perhatikan• Belum dikatakan belajar geologi sebelum

ke perpustakaan, laboratorium, dan lapangan (survei)!

• Apakah FTM UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta memfasilitasi pembelajaran di 3 (tiga) lokatama −termasuk museum− tersebut di atas?


MATHEMATICSMATHEMATICSPHYSICSPHYSICS CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY

STATISTICSSTATISTICS

HIDROLOGYHIDROLOGY

GEOLOGYGEOLOGY BIOLOGYBIOLOGYMETEOROLOGYMETEOROLOGY

BASICBASICSCIENCESSCIENCES

EARTHEARTHSCIENCESSCIENCES

APPLIEDAPPLIEDSCIENCESSCIENCES

TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY

PETROLEUMPETROLEUMGEOLOGYGEOLOGY

MININGMININGGEOLOGYGEOLOGY GEOTHERMALGEOTHERMAL

GEOLOGYGEOLOGYENGINEERINGENGINEERING

GEOLOGYGEOLOGYENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTAL

GEOLOGYGEOLOGY

PETROLEUMPETROLEUMENGINEERINGENGINEERING

MININGMININGENGINEERINGENGINEERING

CIVILCIVILENGINEERINGENGINEERING

TOURISMTOURISM

ETC.ETC.

ETC.ETC.

PLANOLOGYPLANOLOGY

GEOARKEOLOGYGEOARKEOLOGY

GEOTHERMALGEOTHERMALENGINEERINGENGINEERING

AGRICULTUREAGRICULTURE

Corresponding science to geologyCorresponding science to geology

PHYSICSPHYSICS

CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY

STATISTICSSTATISTICS

HIDROLOGYHIDROLOGYGEOLOGYGEOLOGYBIOLOGYBIOLOGY

PARIWISATAPARIWISATA

GEOPHYSICSGEOPHYSICS

HIDROGEOLOGYHIDROGEOLOGY

GEOCHEMISTRYGEOCHEMISTRY

GEOSTATISTICSGEOSTATISTICS

PALEONTOLOGYPALEONTOLOGY

GEOWISATAGEOWISATA

ETC.ETC.

Pertanyaan:• Mengapa muncul ilmu-ilmu antara?

ARKEOLOGIARKEOLOGIGEOARKEOLOGIGEOARKEOLOGI

Corresponding science to geologyCorresponding science to geology

Cabang-cabang geologiCabang-cabang geologi

GEOLOGYGEOLOGY

Pertanyaan:• Mengapa banyak cabang-cabang geologi?

ETC.ETC.

MINERALOGYMINERALOGY

PETROLOGYPETROLOGY

GEOMORFOLOGYGEOMORFOLOGY

STRUCTURALSTRUCTURALGEOLOGYGEOLOGY

STRATIGRAPHYSTRATIGRAPHY TEKTONICSTEKTONICS

PALEONTOLOGYPALEONTOLOGY

VOLKANOLOGYVOLKANOLOGY

HISTORICALHISTORICALGEOLOGYGEOLOGY

SPELEOLOGYSPELEOLOGY LIMNOLOGYLIMNOLOGY SEDIMENTOLOGYSEDIMENTOLOGY

The branches of geologyThe branches of geology

Initially, … it was an homogenous material

GEOSPHEREGEOSPHERE

ATMOSPHEREATMOSPHERE

SOLID EARTHSOLID EARTH(CMC-SPHERE)(CMC-SPHERE)HYDROSPHEREHYDROSPHERE

BIOSPHEREBIOSPHERE

GEOSPHEREGEOSPHERE

Diversifications …

BIOSPHEREBIOSPHERE

SOLID EARTHSOLID EARTH(CMC-SPHERE)(CMC-SPHERE)

ATMOSPHEREATMOSPHERE

HIDROSPHEREHIDROSPHERE

Dynamic equilibriumDynamic equilibrium

GEOSPHEREGEOSPHERE

Because geology is all around us!Because geology is all around us!• 1. Geological Resources1. Geological Resources• 2. “The Environment” 2. “The Environment” • 3. Geological Hazards 3. Geological Hazards

(Changes posing risks)(Changes posing risks)• 4. Engineering 4. Engineering • 5. Landforms and Surface Processes5. Landforms and Surface Processes• 6. Historical Geology6. Historical Geology

Geology forms the basis of our great civilizations

Environmental Environmental GeologyGeology

Why study geology?Why study geology?

– The Cradle of The Cradle of Civilization (Fertile Civilization (Fertile Crescent) Crescent)

– Development limited Development limited by availability, e.g., by availability, e.g., soil, water, energysoil, water, energy

– Conflicts based on Conflicts based on resources, e.g., water, resources, e.g., water, minerals, oil…minerals, oil…

http://encarta.msn.com/

1. Geological Resources1. Geological Resources


The Cradle of Civilization sprung from geology of the regionThe Cradle of Civilization sprung from geology of the region

Tigris River, Iraq Tigris River, Iraq

http://encarta.msn.com/http://encarta.msn.com/


1. Geological Resources1. Geological Resources

These Maps illustrate the These Maps illustrate the Fertile Crescent in 1973 (top) Fertile Crescent in 1973 (top) and 2000 (bottom). and 2000 (bottom). Permanent marshlands, Permanent marshlands, pictured in green, have shrunk pictured in green, have shrunk 90 percent in that period.90 percent in that period.

Illustration courtesy United Nations Illustration courtesy United Nations Environment ProgramEnvironment Program

2. The Environment2. The Environment


Misuse of geologic resourcesMisuse of geologic resources

http://www.grida.no/aral/aralsea/english/arsea/arsea.htm

2. The Environment (2. The Environment (misusemisuse of Geologic Resources) of Geologic Resources) desiccation of the Aral Sea, Kazakhstandesiccation of the Aral Sea, Kazakhstan


• 1.7 billion are joining the consumer class and the environment won’t sustain this standard of living(World watch Institute 2004)

• Emissions of Greenhouse gasses is accelerating global warming

• Climate change is accelerating melting of glaciers and driving mass extinctions

(The Centre of Biodiversity and Conservation, Leeds University,

UK)


2. The Environment (2. The Environment (overuseoveruse of Geologic Resources) of Geologic Resources) (Geology in the News)(Geology in the News)

• Two die in 6.5 Two die in 6.5 magnitude magnitude Earthquake near San Earthquake near San Lois Obispo Lois Obispo CaliforniaCalifornia

• Earthquake triggers Earthquake triggers mudslides mudslides

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(San Andreas Fault)(San Andreas Fault)

3. Geologic Hazard3. Geologic Hazard



3. Geologic Hazards3. Geologic Hazards (Geology in the News)(Geology in the News)

“Major Quake Likely to Strike San Francisco Bay Region Between 2003 and 2032”

• Assessing RisksAssessing Risks• Avoiding RisksAvoiding Risks• Preventing DamagePreventing Damage• Predicting ImpactPredicting Impact

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• A Magnitude 6.5 A Magnitude 6.5 Earthquake hits a Earthquake hits a stone- and mud-house stone- and mud-house city of 100,000 in Iran city of 100,000 in Iran 12-26-0312-26-03– 30,000 Dead30,000 Dead– 30,000 Refugees30,000 Refugees

• US sends aid and US sends aid and releases sanctionsreleases sanctions

• Relations improvedRelations improved

Photos from AP


3. Geologic Hazards3. Geologic Hazards (Earthquake in Bam Bam, Iran)(Earthquake in Bam Bam, Iran)

Volcanoes

Mass Movement

Earthquakes


3. Geologic Hazards 3. Geologic Hazards (Geology in the News)(Geology in the News)

Slope Failure Risk Assessment and ControlSlope Failure Risk Assessment and Control

To prevent slope failure engineers must understand To prevent slope failure engineers must understand the geology that forms and controls the slopethe geology that forms and controls the slope


4. Geology in Engineering4. Geology in Engineering

Committee member John Burland, an engineer, promoted soil extraction as the best way to save the tower.

In Pisa the tilted one is back in business after an 11-year effort to keep it from collapsing

The Leaning Tower Straightens Up

www.smithsonianmag.si.edu

Engineers use knowledge of geology to design, protect and correct structures


4. Geology in Engineering4. Geology in Engineering

• GlaciersGlaciers• Mass WastingMass Wasting• StreamsStreams• ShorelinesShorelines• DesertsDeserts• GroundwaterGroundwater

http://www.berann.com

H.C. Berann (1915-1999) Yosemite National Park, 1987


5. Landforms and Surface Processes5. Landforms and Surface Processes


6. Historical Geology6. Historical Geology

• Environmental GeologyEnvironmental Geology– Environmental Sciences: how we Environmental Sciences: how we

influence the earth influence the earth – Geologic Hazards: how geology Geologic Hazards: how geology

influences usinfluences us

• Engineering Geology Engineering Geology – Geologic MaterialsGeologic Materials– FoundationsFoundations– Geotechnical engineeringGeotechnical engineering

Sub DisciplinesSub Disciplines

Areas of Study Which Rely on GeologyAreas of Study Which Rely on Geology

• Geological ResourcesGeological Resources– Locating and characterizing amounts Locating and characterizing amounts

and quality and quality – Extracting and Extracting and – Understanding environmental effects of Understanding environmental effects of

extraction and use (misuse, overuse) of extraction and use (misuse, overuse) of resourcesresources

• Historical GeologyHistorical Geology– Deciphering Earth History and Deciphering Earth History and – Evolution of lifeEvolution of life

Sub Disciplines (cont.)Sub Disciplines (cont.)

Areas of Study Which Rely on GeologyAreas of Study Which Rely on Geology

Dengan demikian geologi digunakan dimana saja?

• …• …• …• …

I WONDERI WONDER

Module 1 - Introduction to Geology

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