Modon Design Guidelines Industrial

7/27/2019 Modon Design Guidelines Industrial

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KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIASAUDI ORGANIZATIONFOR INDUSTRIAL ESTATES & TECHNOLOGY ZONES

PLANNING AND DESIGN GUIDELINESFOR

DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ESTATES


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DevelopmentofIndustrialEstates,Planning,andDesignGuidelinesTableofContents

Subject P.No. Introduction 1

Section1 Studies and plans consultant of specific industrial estate developer

shouldsubmit

5

11 Technicalreportrelatedtoplanningandeconomicstudies 5

111 Identifyingtheessentialneedsandrequirements 5

112 Siteanalysis 6

113 Masterplanoftheindustrialestate 7

114 Provisionofutilitiesandservicesthroughthedetailedplan 7

12 Alistoffigures,plansandmastermapsprovidedtoSOIETZ 7

13 Proceduresofpreparingplansoftheindustrialestate 9

Section2 Principlesofsettingup themasteranddetailedplanof the industrial

estate

10

21 Masterplanoftheindustrialestate 10

211 Identifyingpatternoftheurbanstructure 10

212 Alternatives of the possible solutions for planning of the industrial

estateand

selecting

the

optimum

option

13

213 Transitionalgrowthplanoftheindustrialestate 14

22 Detailedmasterplan 15

221 Landsubdivision 20

222 Urbandesign 22

223 Planofsitelandscaping 23

224 Designplans 24

225 Buildingcodesplan 24

226 Executiveprograms 25

Section3

Principles,rates,

and

standards

of

planning

and

design

27

31 Principles of identifying general distribution of land uses within the

industrialestate

27

311 Principlesof thespatialdistribution for industrialactivitieswithin the

industrialestate

27

312 Determining relationship of factories with the other uses in the

industrialestate

34

313 Determining relationship of the industrial estatewith the green and 34


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openspaces

314 Distributionoflanduseswithintheindustrialestate 37

32

Principlesand

standards

of

services

and

utilities

40

321 Identifyingthenecessaryservicesfortheindustrialestate 40

322 Settingupprogramsandstandardsofservices 42

323 Distributionofservices 44

324 Distributionofserviceusesproportions 44

33 Standardsofplanninganddesignoftheroadnetwork 45

331 Determiningofthetrafficstudyrequirements 45

332 Principlesandconsiderationsofplanningof the roadnetwork for the

industrialestate

45

333

Designof

the

general

structure

of

the

road

network

and

its

hierarchy

46

334 Designprinciplesoftheroadnetworkfortheindustrialestate 47

335 Designprinciplesofthelightingnetworkfortheroads 57

34 Designstandardsandprinciplesoftheparkingareas 58

341 Determiningofparkingarearequirements

342 Principles of determining requirements of the parking areas in the

industrialestate

58

343 Designprinciplesofparkingareas 58

35 Designprinciplesofpublicutilities 60

351 Determiningofutilityrequirements 60

352 Principlesandstandardsoftheservicesandutilitiesnetworksneeded

intheindustrialestate

60

353 Principles and considerations of designing storm water drainage

network

63

354 Principlesandconsiderationsofdesigningfeedingnetworksofdrinking

waterandwaterforindustry

63

355 Principlesand considerationsofdesigningwastewaterand industrial

wastetreatment

plants

67

356 Principlesandconsiderationsofdesigningcommunicationsnetwork 75

357 Principlesandconsiderationsofdesigningpowerdistributionnetwork 77

358 Principlesandconsiderationsofdesigninggasnetwork 79

36 Principlesandstandardsofplanningemployeehousing 81

37 Principlesandstandardsofdesigningcentralservicebuildings 81

371 Entrancesoftheroadsandfrontage 82

372 Rulesofdensity 82


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373 Requirementsofheight 82

374 Usagefactor 82

375

Parkingareas

83

376 Standardsandrequirementsoflandscaping 83

38 Requirementsofsecurityandsafetyintheindustrialestate 84

Section4 Technicalappendices 86

Appendix1 Guiding rates for land area allocated for factories according to their

type

86

Appendix2 Guideofenvironmentimpactsassessmentfortheprojectofsettingup

anindustrialestate

89

Appendix3 Standardsofindustrialwasteanddetailsofindustrialwastetreatment

processesfor

some

industries

95

Appendix4 Protectiondegreesforelectricalappliancesagainstentranceofforeign

objectsandwater

103


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Tables

Table Description P.No.1 Indicativelandusesproportionsintheindustrialestate 13

2 Gradationofallowableroadnetworkintheindustrialestate 48

3 Maximumlimitofthesidetiltandradiiofcurvesintheindustrialestate 56

4 Parkingareaplacesaccordingtolanduses 59

5 The required placeswith vehicle dimensions for parking areas in the

industrialestate

60

6

Basic

American

standards

as

maximum

limits

for

drinking

water

in

terms

ofmicrobialpollutants 64

7 Standardsofhealth hazardous substances thatmustnotexceed their

limitsindrinkingwater(mg/l)

65

8 Specific standards foroutputwater flowafter treatment for industrial

usesanddrinkingwater

70

9 Maximumpollutionloadsinliquidpollutantsforbasicindustries 71

10 Specimenandtypeofanalysisofindustrialliquidwastes 72

11 Typeofanalysesrequiredforindustrialwastes 72

12

Maximumrated

current

for

1000

k.v

cables

79

13 Maximumratedcurrentfor13.8k.vcables 80

14 Maximumratedcurrentfor33k.vcables 80


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FiguresFigure

Description

P.No.

1 Designstagesofplanningunits 17

2 Stagesoftheestategrowth 18

3 Controlsofdevelopment 26

4 Distributionofthegeneralstructureoflanduses 29

5 Determiningtherelationshipoffactorytypeswitheachother 31

6 Proposedprinciplesfordistributionofindustrialactivities 36

7 Distributionofusesintheindustrialestate 39

8 Carparking 49

9

Visualizationof

road

network

structure

50

10 Roadsections 53

11 Measurementsofthehorizontalprojectionsandwidthoflanesforcars 55


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1

Introduction:

The main purpose of the Saudi Organization for Industrial Estates and

TechnologyZones(SOIETZ)isplanningspecifiedindustrialestatesinthe

Kingdom,encouraging

their

establishment,

development,

management,

maintenance, and supervising. This includes issuing rules and

specifications, performance standards, and the measures related to

establishment of industrial estates, their development, management,

commissioning,andmaintenance.

Based on article eighteen of the regulation issued upon the cabinet

decree number (235) dated 27/7/1422H: No establishment of any

industrial

facilities

or

management,

development,

commissioning,

or

maintaining thereof will be done unless after approval of the

Organization. The Saudi Organization for Industrial Estates and

TechnologyZones(SOIETZ)alsoissuesthenecessarylicensescontaining

controls and conditions. Based on article twenty, licenses for

development and commissioning of the specified industrial estates

includethefollowing:

Landuseswithinthespecifiedindustrialestates. The developer or operator should provide the necessary

infrastructures, utilities, and services in the industrial estate and

maintainthemtobefitforcommissioningitefficiently.

Ensure compliance with the specifications and performancestandardsindicatedintheregulations.

Basedon

article

(11)

of

the

executive

regulation

for

organizing

the

Saudi

Organization for Industrial Estates and Technology Zones (SOIETZ)

approved by Board of Directors decree number (5/2003) dated

3/12/1423H concerning bases of determining specified site or lands to

be a specified industrial estate that should be taken into consideration

including:

Theexistinglanduseanddistributionoftheindustriallands.


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2

Environmentalimpactsresultedfromallocationofthelandorthesite for the industrial activity, and the available practical

procedures to mitigate these impacts and risks associated to

allocatingthelandorsite.

Levelofservicesavailableinthelandorsite,alongwiththesocialindicators and costs implied in supplying the required

infrastructure.

Areaofavailable landorsite inrelationtothecurrentneedsandthenecessaryareaforexpansioninthefuture.

Article (12) of the executive regulation stated as part of site

developmentcondition forexample:

Mattersrelatedtospecialenvironmentalorplanningcontrols. Constraintstotheallowedactivitiesinthelandorsite. Thepossibledensityofdevelopment. Areaofthelandorsitethatcouldbeincludedinthedevelopment

contract.

Article (15) of the special executive regulation stated as part of license

conditionsthattheymustcontainwithoutlimitation:

The minimum and maximum limits of areas and theenvironmentalconditions.

Allowableworksinthesite. Timescheduleforstagesofdevelopmentandfinance. Any other conditions specified by the Saudi Organization for

IndustrialEstatesandTechnologyZones(SOIETZ).

Therefore, this guide was prepared to set out the technical aspects in

theprocessofplanninganddesignfordevelopmentofindustrialestates,

and to comply with the basic regulation of the Saudi Organization for

Industrial

Estates

and

Technology

Zones

(SOIETZ)

and

its

executive


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3

regulation.Theguideiscomposedoffoursectionstofacilitatehandling

anddealingwithit.Thesesectionsareasfollows:

Section1:Reportofstudiesthatshouldbesubmittedbythedeveloper's

consultantincluding

the

following:

Technicalreportconcerningthe industrialestateand itsneedsofservicesanddevelopmentstages.

Alistofdrawingsincludingplansandgeneralmapsthatshouldbepresented.

Alistofproceduresforpreparingplansoftheindustrialestateandapproving

them.

Section 2: which indicates principles of setting up the general and

detailedplansfortheindustrialestateincluding:

Principlesofsettingupthemasterplanoftheindustrialestates. Principlesofsettingupthedetailedplan

Section

3:

which

indicates

principles

and

standards

of

planning

and

designoftheindustrialestatetoserveasguidelinesincluding:

Principles of determining the general distribution of land uses intheindustrialestate.

Principlesandstandardsofservicesandfacilities. Principles and standards of planning and design of the road

network

and

lighting

of

the

road

network.

Principlesandstandardsofdesigningcarparking. Principles of designing public utilities (storm water discharge

networks water networks sanitary drainage networks

communicationsnetworkselectricitynetworks).

Principles and standards of designing central service buildings(mosque

administration

police

civil

defense

medical

dispensarycommercialservicesworkshopwarehouse).


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Section4:whichindicatestechnicalappendicesessentiallyrelatedtothe

industrialestateincluding:

Ratesoflandareasforfactories. Guide of environmental impacts assessment of the industrial

estateestablishmentproject.

Standards of industrial waste water discharge and details ofindustrial waste water treatment coming out from factories for

some industries and standards of output of treatment for

industrialusesand irrigationusesforgreenspacesandstandards

ofdrinkingwater.


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5

Section 1: Studies and plans that should be submitted by the

developersconsultantforspecifiedindustrialestate.

Theconsultantshouldpresentastudyincludingthefollowing:

11 Technicalreportaboutplanningandeconomicstudies:Thereportshouldcontainobjectives,benefits,andadvantagesof

the project and its economic feasibility. The following are the

elements and components of the technical report related to

planning of the industrial estate which will be submitted to the

Saudi

Organization

for

Industrial

Estates

and

Technology

Zones

(SOIETZ).

111Relation of developing the industrial estatewith the strategicplans:

A Strategyofindustrialestates Fiveyearplansofindustrialdevelopmentandtheirobjectives. HistoricalinductionofdevelopingfactoriesintheKingdom. Currentstatusoftheindustrialestates. Extent of participation and relevance of the project to the

industrialplans.

B Assessmentofdemandvolumeonindustriallands AttheleveloftheKingdom. Atthelevelofthesite. Growthconstituentsoftheindustryatthesitearea.

C Determination of the industrial estate pattern according to theindustrialmixintheregion.

D

Determination

of

types

and

volumes

of

the

industries

to

be

emerged

intheindustrialestate.


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E Determinationoftheemploymentcapabilityoftheindustrialestate.F Assessment of the needed external services (electricity water

sanitary roads housing) and coordination with the agencies

relatedto

these

services.

112 SiteAnalysis:A Principlesofselectingtheindustrialestatesite. Inrelationtositesasindustrialestatesortechnologyzonesowned

bythestate.

In relation to sites as industrial estates owned by the privatesector.

Inrelationtotheadjacentlanduses. Inrelationtoconnectingthesitetothestructuralplans.

B Basicdataandinformationofthesite:(SiteInventory) Identificationofthesite:(Inrelationtotheestate,roadnetwork,

area,and

dimensions).

Identification of the site ownership (public private) andtypeofdevelopment.

Identification of the site natural characteristics: (TopographicGeologicalClimatic).

Identification of the site urban, economic, and socialcharacteristics:

(Existing

and

surrounding

uses,

and

networks

of

theinfrastructure)andtheirrelationtothestructuralplan.

C Potentials and parameters analysis of the site, and inducing theplanning considerations: (Geographic analysis ownership and

development type analysis site natural characteristics analysis

site urban characteristics analysis environmental and visual

impact).


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113DevelopmentofMasterPlanoftheindustrialestate: Identification of the required spaces according to principles and

standardsanddesignrequirements.

Development Program of elements and components of theindustrialestate.

PlanningConceptsAlternatives(Ideaofdistributingservices,roadnetworks,anduses).

Distributionoftheregionlandusesonthemasterplan.

Setting

up

phases

plan

for

growth

of

the

industrial

estate.

114 SubmittaloftheDetailedMasterPlanforutilitiesandservices: RoadandTransportationProfilesandSections LandSubdivision. UrbanDesign. Landscape. Detailed plans of the master plan (roads pavement lighting

stormwaterdischargenetworkswaterandsanitarynetworks

electricity networks communications networks residential

buildingscentralservicebuildingsgardenlandscapingetc).

Zoningplan:(DevelopmentRequirements). ExecutivePlan.

12 List of drawings of plans and general maps presented to theSaudiOrganization for IndustrialEstatesandTechnologyZones

(SOIETZ):

A general site drawing illustrating the plan region submitted asindustrial estate and indicating the current and proposed uses in

the siteandshowingthe usessurroundingto thesubmittedplan

region.


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A general site drawing illustrating relationship of the submittedplantotheexistingandproposedinfrastructurenetworksandthe

technical utility units (road network electricity network

telecommunicationsnetworkwaternetworksanitarydrainage

networkpowerplantstreatmentplants).

Survey drawing illustrating topographic and climaticcharacteristics of the site with a special mention to the

outstanding natural elements in the site (hills wadis

watercoursesstormwaterrunoffsdistinctplantsreserves..).

Land uses drawing for the master plan with indicating land usesratios

and

services

with

carrying

out

analysis

using

illustrations

andpercentagetables.

Detailedplansforroads,sections,andcoordinates. Servicesdrawing(mosquesdispensariescommercialbuildings

policeandcivildefensecarparkinggardensetc).

Detailed plan drawing for the site showing industrial landsubdivisions,

their

numbers

and

development

requirements,

road

network, car parking, pedestrian sidewalks, green and open

spaces,andservices.Itshouldillustratetypeofsubdivisions,their

areaanddevelopmentrequirements.

Drawingofroadnetworkandpassagesshowingroadsectionsanddesignrequirementsoftrafficroundabout,corners,andcrossings

with a detailed study of car parking spaces and attracting areas

andanalysis

of

criteria

of

providing

parking

for

industrial

facilities

andserviceelements.

Drawings of infrastructure networks (storm water discharge water, sanitary, electricity, and communications sites of

transformerstationstreatmentplantsandwatertanks).

Drawingsoflaborhousingregion(ifany).


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9

13 Proceduresofpreparingplansoftheindustrialestate: Submitting a report of technical study including planning and

economic aspects and presenting it to the Saudi Organization for

IndustrialEstates

and

Technology

Zones

(SOIETZ).

Preparingtheinitialmasterplanofthesite. Submitting the master plan with the study report to the Saudi

OrganizationforIndustrialEstatesandTechnologyZones(SOIETZ)

forconsiderationanddiscussion.

After approval on the initial master plan is obtained, the following

proceduresare

to

be

done:

Submittingthedetailedmasterplan. Reviewing and approving the detailed master plan by the Saudi

OrganizationforIndustrialEstatesandTechnologyZones(SOIETZ).

Preparing detailed design plans for utilities and facilities thenpresenting them to the Saudi Organization for Industrial Estates

andTechnology

Zones

(SOIETZ).

Reviewing and approving the design plans by the SaudiOrganizationforIndustrialEstatesandTechnologyZones(SOIETZ).


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Section 2: Principles of setting up themaster and detailed plans for

industrialestate:

21MasterPlanoftheindustrialestate:

Themasterplanissetuptoincludethefollowing:

A Zoningordinances.B Landuses.C Utilitynetworks(roadsrainwaterdischargewaterelectricity

communications.etc.).

DPlans of growth phases in terms of volume, flexibility, and the

proposedexecutionphasesbypreparingthemonmapsinsuitable

scale.

211Determiningtheurbanstructurepattern:

Thephaseofpreparingurbanplanningfortheindustrialestaterequires

setting up three design alternatives and considering them to find the

suitablealternativeaccordingtothefollowingcriteriainordertoachieve

theplanningobjectives:

PlanningConceptswhichwillbedoneaccordingtothefollowing:

A Generalanalysisoftheexistingconditionsintheindustrialestate.B Settingupplanningstandardsandrates.C Identifying principles and constituents of planning and targeted

development.

DAnalysisofthesitepotentialsandidentifyingtheoptimumusetoachievethetargetedplanningfortheindustrialestate.

E Identifying the general concepts proposed for planning of theindustrialestate.

Development of the planning concepts for distribution of land uses so

thatthrough

this

step,

the

following

should

be

identified:


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A Thespacesallocatedforfactories.B Therequiredservicesandutilities.C Openandgreenspaces.DVariousroadnetworksandtheirgradation.E Thekeypedestriansidewalks.F Areasallocatedforlaborhousing.

Setting up a program for the project elements and components: which

identifiesthefollowing:

A Theproposedfactorytypes.B Landneedsofsuchfactories.C Serviceandutilityneedsofsuchfactories.DPrinciplesofdesigningthefactories.E Principles of designing each type of the required services and

utilities.

Planningproposals:toexpandanddeveloptheindustrialestatethrough

achievingbalancebetweenrequirementsofurbandevelopmentfactors,

and economic development factors. Based on the specialized studies

(environmentalurbaneconomicsocialetc)potentialsofthesite

are identified, and proposed activities (factories), and their service and

utilityrequirements,showingthefunctionalrelationsbetweenelements

and

components

of

the

project

(factory

types

and

volumes)

and

classifying them into main, medium, and weak relations, based on

homogeneity of uses. Also, based upon identifying these relations,

elementsandcomponentsoftheprojectareassembledbydeducingthe

followingrelations:

A Relations that constitute functional and spatial homogeneousgroups.

B Relationsthatrequiredirectspatialproximityorconnection.


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C Relationsthatcouldbeachievedthroughthemaintrafficcorridorswithpossibilityoftheirdepartingfromeachother.

Based upon these relations, land uses are determined: Principles,

standards,

and

considerations

of

uses

distribution,

their

relations

with

each other, type of the required services (public and private), travel

distancesbetweeneachofthem,areas,andwidthofroadsrequiredfor

each element according to their position in the region so that they

constitute coherent core formation. Regions of different uses and sites

of activity are distributed in the industrial estate according to various

parameters,themostimportantofwhichare:

A Natural,environmental,andurbanparameters.

B Requirementsofdevelopingtheindustrialestate.C Planningconceptandprinciples, and urban planningprogramsof

elementsandcomponents.

DFunctional relations between various elements and componentswitheachothers.

E Executionphasesandintegrationofeachphase.Themainfeaturesoftheurbanplanningareformedthroughintegration

of the project uses and elements, traffic corridors, spaces and green

areas. This integration should result in that all elements perform their

functionsandfindinginteractionamongthedevelopedenvironment.

Landusebudgets

The industrial estate is planned after setting up a general strategy to

provide all industrial and social services and provision of the necessary

publicutilitiestoestablish,manage,andoperatetheestateefficiently.

Table (1) shows land use percentages in the industrial estate for

guidanceondesign.


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Table(1):Guidinglandusepercentagesintheindustrialestate

Landusepercentage%Use

Minimum Maximum Average

Industrialuses

60

70

65

Services 3 7 5

Roadsandcarparking 18 32 25

Greenandopenspaces 3 7 5

212Alternativesofthepossiblesolutions forplanningthe industrial

estateandselectingtheoptimumoption:

A PlanningOptions:

Planningprinciplesandconsiderationsforeachalternative. Identifyingtheplanningcriteria. Advantagesanddisadvantagesofeachalternative.B Assessmentofalternativesandidentifyingtheoptimumoption: Identifying the assessment methodology and elements

(quantitative/qualitative).

Assessment according to natural, environmental, urban,economic,andindustrialprinciplesandconsiderations.

C Developingtheselectedoptimumoption: Identifyinglanduses. Identifyingconceptanddistributionofservicesandtheirtypes. Identifying concept of road network and distribution of car

parkingareas.

Identifyingprinciplesanddesigningofroadsections,roundabouts,radiiofcorners,andintersections.

Identifying

principles

and

methodology

of

designing

car

parking.


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Identifyingrequirementsandbuildingcodesinvariousplots. Identifyingmethodologyoflandscapeinsites.

Preparing

the

accurate

detailed

plan.

Preparing the time schedule for developing and marketing theindustrialestate.

213Transitionalgrowthplanoftheindustrialestate:

Growthoftheindustrialestateshouldincludethefollowingfactors:

A Specificgrowthwithsettingupgeneralframeworkforgrowthandits

phases,

through

which

the

first

phase

of

the

industrial

estate

growth is identified. Figure (1) shows phases of design of the

planning units. Figure (2) illustrates growth phases of the

industrialestate.

B Specificgrowththrougheachphaseofexecutionofthe industrialestateuntilitiscompleted.

C

Reassessment

of

the

growth

plan

according

to

changes

in

reality

withconditionsdifferentfromgrowthrates.

DSpecificgrowththrougheachphaseofexecutionofthe industrialestate with directing growth in the next phases by identifying its

trend.

Thiswouldrequirethefollowing:

Study of growth policies of the industrial estate: which aims at

achievingmultipleobjectives,suchas:

A Achievingflexibilitytomeetthechangingdemand.B Achievinggrowthwiththeleastpossiblecost.C Achievinghighindustrialeconomics.


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Identifyingtheevaluationcriteriaforgrowthalternatives:

A Complying with the general form of the master plan of theindustrialestate.

B Integrationateachphaseofgrowth.C Efficiencyincaseofslowgrowthoftheindustrialestate.DEconomics of infrastructure and integration of the phases with

planningoftheindustrialestateandplanningofnetworks.

E Relationsbetweenlandusesintheindustrialestate.Execution

phases:

a

detailed

time

schedule

should

be

set

up

that

includesthefollowing:

A Settingoutthedifferentphasesforgrowingtheindustrialestate.B Settingupadetailedplanforeachphase:showingthelandtobe

paved and prepared, in addition to utilities and services to be

providedforeachoftheprojectphases.

C Identifyingtheperiod lapsedbytheentire(final)developmentof

theindustrialestate.

22DetailedMasterPlan:

In this stage, detailed plans are prepared which include plans of land

uses and plans of subdivision, and their alternatives and proposals. In

thestageofgeneralplanning,requiredareasareidentifiedaccordingto

principles,standards,anddesignprinciplesthroughthefollowing:

A Areas of land plots: required to be subdivided according tosubdivisionprinciples.

B Numberof landplots:requiredforthe industrialestatebasedonthewholelandareaavailableinconnectiontoratesandcriteria.

C Percentagesoflandplots:fromthedifferentareasrequiredtobeprovidedintheindustrialestate.


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DExecutionphases:theproposedperiodforgrowthoftheindustrialestatebasedonflexibilityofthedesign.

Preparation of the detailed master plan of the industrial estate, which

includesthe

following:


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Figure(1)phasesofdesigningtheplanningunits


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Figure(2)phasesofgrowthoftheindustrialestate


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Figure(2)continued,phasesofgrowthoftheindustrialestate


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221LandSubdivision:

It includes distribution of uses and identifying areas and dimensions

whichareaffectedbytypeoffactoriessinceeachtypeoffactoryhasits

needsof

necessary

area

of

land

plots

that

are

sold

or

rented

to

investors

basedonstandards,principles,andrulesofsubdivision.

Topreparelandsubdivisionplans,planningmoduleshouldbeidentified

for land plots and areas, and the proposed methodology of land

subdivisionintheindustrialestateshouldalsobeindicatedbasedonthe

following:

A Principles of factory classification and their distribution in theregions.

B Specificspecializationinsideeachsubdivisionareaoffactories.C Principlesoftheproposedmodulenetworkanditscharacteristics

andplanninglevels.

Thefollowingareprinciplesofsubdividinggroupsofindustriallandsfor

idealplanningmodules:

The theoretical approach is identified for subdividing factory lands into

groups, each of which represents the area that includes homogeneous

plots in area where each plot is allocated for a factory in the industrial

estate.Therearethreemaintypesofplotgroups:

A Inner plots group bordered by inner distribution roads of theindustrialestate.

B Outer plots group bordered by main traffic roads and arteries intheestate.

C Boundary plots group bordered by roads in the estate andboundariesofthesite.

In order to allocate land for specific factories with certain area, any

group could be subdivided into classes with regular dimensions that

weconsider

subdivision

module

which

we

call

planning

module.

An

industrial project might occupy a number of such planning modules


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accordingtonecessitiesofthefactoractivityneedsandspecialization

standards.

There are also proposed standard measurement dimensions for the

groups

to

meet

the

factory

activity

needs

and

variation

of

the

required areas needed for them and such dimensions are identified

asfollows:

A First group with 75 m depth and 50 m width as minimum (3750m

2).

B Second group with 100 m depth and 65 m width as minimum(6500m

2).

Dimensionsofthesegroupsdependonpossibilityofresubdividingor

assemblinganyofthemaccordingtonecessitiesofthemarketneeds

and its future changes, which achieve maximum flexibility in

subdivision of the group itself. Each group is subdivided into main

modules.Widthofeachoneofsuchmodules isfitwiththewidthof

thegroupitselfandtherequiredareasneededforplots.Throughthis

system,flexibilityisachievedforthe industrialestatesmanagement

on allocating land groups that meet needs of factories of various

activitiesthroughobservingthefollowingcriteria:

A The minimum width of the site should not be less than onemodule.

B Widthoffrontageofthesiteontheroadshouldnotbe lessthanhalfofthegroupdepthandtheratioshouldnotbemorethan2:3

toachieve

maximum

benefit

from

frontages

of

traffic

network

and

therefore,utilityandinfrastructurenetworks.

C The maximum frontage of a site should not be more than itswidth.

DLength of connected groups should not be more than 510modulesifthereisnoplanningnecessityforthis.


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Principlesandcriteriaoflandsubdivisionintheindustrialestate:when

designing areas allocated for factories, subdivision should be made for

land plots witha suitable distribution for the plots areas toprovide for

the varioussized factory buildings. Hence, there should be flexibility in

designing and subdivision of land plots in the industrial estate so that

theycoverdifferentareasoflandplotsthataresuitableforeachtypeof

factories.

Conditions, measurements, and criteria are set up to follow when

designingandsubdividingplotsallocatedforfactoriesasfollows:

A Block lengths: 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 meters and relationshipbetween

block

length

and

width

is

in

ratio

of

3:1.

B Measurementsoflandplots:inratiosof1:2to2:3.C Lengthsandwidthsoftheroadnetwork:(main,branch,inner).DPedestriansidewalks:withnolessthan6meterswidth.

222UrbanDesignoftheindustrialestate:

A Identifying the urban character: where the urban character is a

groupofcomplexattributesthatcharacterizesthesitebyitself.It

includes urban concepts, architectural elements, features of the

siteandtheproposedactivitieswithinit.

B Identifying the design principles: to reach an urban pattern inwhich building requirements are mingled to serve the urban

design as constraints to control development of the industrial

estateresulted

from

it.

C Identifying constraints related to visual shaping such as:landscapingandtreeplantingpassages fenceslandmarks.

D Identifyingconstraintsofurbandesignforthebuiltelements:suchascolorsandarchitecturaldetailsofthebuilding.

E Identifying the public and private uses of lands: so thatinterference

is

done

in

harmony

with

the

general

form

of

the

project.


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23

F Identifying the architectural elements: to ensure sequence ofspacesandaestheticalelementsofthegeneralform.

GIdentifying the main roads of the region: reviewing the generalideas

of

the

road

network

and

identifying

car

and

truck

parking

areas.

223Planofsitelandscaping:

Preparingaplanofsitelandscapingandtheopenspaces(withasuitable

scale)showing:

A Identifying theobjectives: landscaping should fulfill theproposedfunctional

uses

in

the

proposed

urban

design.

B Identifying trees and shrubs or the suitable palms for each usewhether they are open, buffer, green regions on sides of roads

accordingtothegeneralclimateofthesiteandindustrialestate.

C Identifyingthetechnicalmeansusedinlandscaping.D Identifyingthevariousirrigationsystemswhichincludefulfillment

ofthe

plant

needs

of

water.

Landscaping aims at designing general spaces in sites to suit the

proposedactivities.Thiswillincludethefollowing:

Setting out philosophy of landscaping of the proposed sites: where

landscaping starts with planning the sites and takes part in urban and

architectural aspects and coordinating the whole site in forming the

urbanandenvironmentalplanningconcepts.

Identifying methodology of the proposed work to landscape the sites:

Thiswillincludethefollowingelements:

A Analysisofthesitetorecognizespatialandvisualparametersandpotentials.

B Spatial formulating of the general spaces and the proposedactivities.

C Initialdesignofthegeneralspaces.


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The following is percentages of distributing green spaces, the area of

whichrepresents37%with5%asanaverageforthe industrialestate

areatoserveasaguidewhensettingupthedesign:

A Buffer regionsrepresent4060 %with50% as anaverage ofthe

greenandopenspaces.

B Open gardensrepresent 3050 %with 40 % as an average of thegreenandopenspaces.

C Wastedumpingregionrepresents515%with10%asanaverageofthegreenandopenspaces.

224Design

Drawings:

They include uses distribution plans and identifying areas, dimensions,

andnumberingofthe landplots,preparationofexecutivedrawingsfor

the detailed plan, road and traffic plans, and plans of utility supply

(watersanitarysolidwasteselectricitycommunicationsetc).

225ZoningPlan:

General

requirements

of

front,

back,

and

side

setbacks

are

set

up

for

land subdivisions. Also, height requirements and building percentages

are identifiedaccordingtoplanningrates,criteria,andprinciplesofthe

industrial estate so that they include development controls as follows:

(figure3).

A Building requirements: these building requirements specify form,requirements, and possibility of using the building according to

factory

types.

So,

building

requirements

should

be

prepared

for

everyindustrialestatetosuitneedsanddemandsofitsfactories.

Requirements are identified in terms of setbacks, occupation

percentage, built up density, height, extrusion, fence

characteristics, materials and style of development because they

are related to industrial security and visual view (according to

requirements stated in guide of criteria and requirements for

buildingfactoriesandfacilitiesofassistingindustries).


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B Environmental requirements and industrial security:environmental requirements specify the allowable limits of

environmental hazards to maintain security of labor in the

industrial estate, and if every type of factory has an amount of

output pollution allowable in the surrounding areas, so

environmental requirements for every respective type should be

prepared so that they fit volume and type of output pollution

inside and outside each factory in line with requirements and

standards issued from Presidency of Meteorology and

Environmenttoachieve industrialsafetyfor laborandthosewho

arearoundthefactories.

C Administrative requirements: in terms of obtaining licenses andtimeschedulesforexecutionwhichincludethefollowing:

Policyofsellingorlettingthesitesorindustrialbuildings. Proposedmethodforcontrollinggrowthintheindustrialestate. Proposals related to organizing processes of development and

operatingtheindustrialestate.

Commissioningrequirements. Maintenancerequirements. Wastecollectingrequirements.

226ExecutionPlan:

It

aims

at

identifying

time

schedule

for

execution

of

the

detailed

plan

to

find integrated temporary environment that helps to achieve highest

growth rates. Also, execution programs are linked to financing abilities

ofthedevelopmentprocessesintheindustrialestate.


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Figure(3)DevelopmentControls


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Section3:Planninganddesignprinciples,standards,andrequirements

31 Principles of identifying general distribution of land used in the

industrialestate:

Relationsbetweenvarioususesrelatedtotheindustrialestateshouldbe

recognized. There are three uses and relations from perspective of the

factories,whichare:

First: Industrial uses: which identify factory types' relation with each

others.

Second: Nonindustrial uses in the industrial estate: which identify

factorytypes'

relation

with

non

industrial

uses

in

the

industrial

estate.

Third: Uses surrounding the industrial estate:which identify factory

types'relationwithusesaroundtheindustrialestate.

Figure(4)illustratesdistributionofthegeneralstructureoflanduses

311 Spatial distribution principles for industrial activities in the

industrialestate:

Principlesofidentifyingfactorytypes'relationwitheachothers:

A Studyofsitecharacteristicsforlandplots:intermsofproportionsoflength,width,landplotsarea,setbacks,occupationpercentage,

and heights which are reflected in characteristics of the

homogeneous position, leading to achieving more functional

efficiencyoftheplan.

B Study of utility supply: the more the spatial distribution of

factories is suitable for hierarchy of utility supply, the less costs

areincurredindevelopment.

C Studyofflexibilityofindustrialuses:accordingtofactorytypesinthe industrial estate, where flexibility of amending usage is

between two different uses and appears through proximity

regionsbetweenfactories.Itcouldbealsoaregionofmixeduses

throughproximity

regions

between

factories.

It

could

be

as

well

a

regionofmixedusesoffactories.


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DOrganizingthespatialrelationshipbetweendifferentfactories:byidentifying factory types according to their needs of land and

infrastructure based on determining their characteristics and

consequently, spatial relationship between different types of

factoriesasfollows:

Pollution: factories having similar environmental characteristicsshould be assembled in a place that is suitable for needs and

features of such factories to reduce costs of environment

protection.

Linkage: linkage and integration relationship between suchfactories

should

be

identified

in

terms

of

spatial

distribution

of

factories.

E Identifying the standards of assembling compatible andhomogeneous factories:

Threeassemblylevelsshouldbeidentified,namely:(seefigure5)

Inevitable or possible assembly for activities of interacting andhomogeneous

factories.

Refusedassemblyforfactoriesofconflictingactivities.


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Figure(4)distributionofgeneralstructureforlanduses


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Figure(4)continued


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Figure(5)Identifyingrelationshipoffactorytypeswitheachothers


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There is a group of considerable criteria and principles for assembly of

relevant factories activities within the sites allocated for factories as

follows:

First:Assembly

according

to

nature

of

production

and

its

requirements

including:

A Assembly according to required area: factories with nearly sameareasshouldbeassembledinassemblyframetoachievesomekind

offlexibilityinplanningofthegroupsandplotsallocatedforvarious

factories.

B Assembly according to activity: a consideration should be given toapplication of the three assembly levels; interactive, compatible,

and conflicting, so that there is separation between factories of

different activities and assembling factories having similar or

integratedactivitiestogetbestbenefitfromproductionintegration.

C Assemblyaccordingtoneedsoffutureexpansion:someactivitiesofmediumand largefactoriesrequireflexibility inpossibleexpansion

and growth in the future. Therefore, factories with similar

expansionrequirementsshouldbeassembledinacertainregion.

Second:Assemblyaccordingtonatureofproductanditsrequirements

of transportandstorage: Some types of factories require sites directly

connected to transport arteries, traffic networks, and main roads for

marketing purposes. This can be achieved by assembling types of

factories inadjacencyorproximitytofacilitateflowoftransport,cargo,

andstorage,aswellastofacilitateroadtrafficandnetworks.

Third:Assemblyaccordingto labor: intensivelabor factories should be

adjacent and at near distances from the main or secondary service

centersintheindustrialestate.

Fourth: Assembly according to operation technologies and

requirements:somefactoryactivitieswithhighoradvancedtechnology

require quality of servicesandutilities,which necessitates allocationof

assemblysites

for

such

factories

to

provide

higher

economic

efficiency

fromutilityandinfrastructurenetworks.


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Fifth:Assemblyaccordingtositepotentials,including:

AAssemblyaccordingtoenvironmentalandclimaticparameters: fullseparationshouldbeachievedbetweenfactoriesaffectingnegatively

onenvironment

whether

in

terms

of

pollution

resulted

from

vapors,

odors, or noise pollution etc from those noncausing pollution

factories or those in need of clean external ambience. Therefore,

factories are assembled according to their conditions and

environmental requirements taking into account prevailing wind

directioninthesitetoavoidtransferofpollutionoutput.

BAssemblyaccordingtonaturalandtopographicparameters:factoryactivities

require

flat

sites

with

natural

tilt

(slope

percentage)

of

no

morethan3%sothattheyfitnatureofproductionactivityitself.Tilt

percentage mayreach 5%especially in mountainous land thatoften

fits in case of large factories. Therefore, limited and small activities

should be assembled in flat sites where contour and topographic

natureofthesesitesallowsdevelopingandgrowingofsuchfactories.

CAssemblyaccording tourbanpotentialsandconditionsof thesite:activities

and

industries

should

be

assembled

in

a

manner

that

is

linkedandcompatiblewiththeurbanpotentialsavailable inthesite

and its urban scope of transport and traffic networks, services, or

utilities.

Through identification of these proposed criteria and principles

concerning assembling and allocating sites for factory activities in the

industrialestate,typesofindustrialactivitiescanbedetermined(nature

ofproduction

type

of

product

labor

required

levels

of

production

technology) and recognizing parameters and potentials of the site and

location.Fromallthis,weconcluderesultstoestablishaclassificationto

assembletypesofactivitiesorseparatethemincertainassemblyregions

according to assembly levels. Therefore, site of such activity can be

identified in assemblyregions,thematterwhichnecessitatespreparing

detailed lists of factories that can be established and identifying the

suitableoradequatesitesfortheminexecutivephasesoftheproject.


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To identify the general assembly plan for sites of factory activities, the

alternative relationship should be analyzed between factory types

accordingtoassemblylevelsandspecificrequirementsofeachofthese

industrialactivities.Animagecanbedrawnforalternativeandassembly

relationshipsoffactorylistsandtheiractivitygroups.Thiscouldachieve

planningefficiencywithconsideringsufficientflexibilityinthatapproach

and its relevance to the transitional executive potentials or at

completing development of the integrated industrial estate. Figure (6)

illustratestheproposedprinciplesfordistributingindustrialactivities.

312 Identifyingrelationshipbetweenfactorytypesandotheruses in

theindustrialestate:

This relationship is identified through characteristics and needs of

factorytypeslinkedtosuchuses.Sincetheseusesareidentifiedinkinds

ofbasicservices(whicharelaborandmanagementservices,securityand

safety services, and equipment maintenance services), then by sorting

out factory types in terms of linkage with each type, relationship

betweenfactorytypesandservicescouldbeidentified.

313Identifying

relationship

between

the

industrial

estate

and

green

andopenspaces:

Green and open spaces are allocated for protecting or maintaining the

surrounding uses against detrimental impact of the near factories.

Therefore, green belts should be established between selected site of

the industrial estate and the adjacent uses or leaving an open space.

Specifications and types of trees that should be used for this purpose

mustbe

identified

as

follows:

A Trees should be evergreen and not deciduous to eliminate andalleviatepollutionharmsresultedfromfactoriesofalltypesaround

theyear.

B These trees and plants should be characterized by resisting harmsresulted from factories which are summarized as follow:

Windbreaks, droughtresistant, heatresistant, sand and dust

resistant.


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C Thesetreesshouldbeoftypesthatgrowinsandysoilandshouldbesalttolerant.


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Figure(6)Proposedprinciplesfordistributingindustrialactivities


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Thefollowingareforestation(treeplanting)usesinindustrialestates:

Using forestation as a protecting green belt that separates theindustrialestatefromtheurbanbodyofthecity.

Using forestation to purify air from carbon dioxide and extractpureoxygen.

Using forestation to purify air from harmful gases (such as nitricoxideandsulfurdioxide).

Using forestation to purify air from dust that is spread in theatmosphereofindustrialestates.

Usingforestationtoremoveradioactivesubstances. Usingforestationtoeliminatestenchesfromatmosphere. Usingforestationtofixsoilandreducepollution. Usingforestationinalleviatingnoise.

314Distributionoflandusesintheindustrialestate:

Inner distribution of land uses can be identified in the industrial estate

especiallytheindustrialfacilitiesasfollows:figure(7).

A Distribution of different factories with large truck sizes near themain roads: especially the factories that deal with cheap, heavy

weight,orlargevolumerawmaterialssothattoremoveburdenof

trafficoftruckstransportingrawmaterialsfromtheroadnetworkin

the

region.

B Achievinghighestpossibledegree of integration betweendifferentfactories which encourages more to specialization in industrial

processes and provide the opportunity to develop used

technologiesandenhanceproductionquality.

C Achievingfunctionalinterdependence,aspossible,betweenfactorysitesandcommercialstores,aswellasthenecessaryservices,thus


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achieving the necessary dynamic to the success of the industrial

estate.

DSeeking to achieve the highest degree of flexibility in allocatingspaces

to

fulfill

the

various

needs

of

industrial

facilities,

without

prejudice to the urban planning of the various sectors of the

industrialestatethroughselectingsuitableplanningmodules.

E Takeintoaccountthatthespatialorderofthepatternsofmediumandsmallfactoriesisfromnorthtosouthasfollows,forexample:

Foods factories, then wooden products factories, then metalproductsfactories,thenchemicalproductsfactories.

It is preferred to establish a special block or a model group foreach industrial pattern, which should include varied sizes of

factories(mediumsmall)throughselectingthesuitableplanning

modules. Take into account that distribution of industrial facility

sizes in each industrial pattern is done in a way so that sites of

smaller sizes come near the inner roads, and that of larger sizes

comeonthemainroadsindirectionofpotentialexpansionofthe

industrialestate.


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Figure(7)


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F Take into account tochoose servicesites on the regionalroadfor:first: because they will represent urban interface of the industrial

estate, second: their site will be in line with the natural gradation

requiredtoachievethemultiplefunctionsoftheindustrialestate.

32Principlesandstandardsofservicesandfacilities

321Identificationofthenecessaryservicesfortheindustrialestate:

The industrial estate should be provided with central service units

(technical economic social general) with determining these

proposed services in the industrial estate, in terms of quantity and

quality, for the factory labors, and this should be according to the

technicalandplanningconsiderations.

Therefore,providetheminimumlogisticservicesintheindustrialestate.

Services that should be provided for the industrial estate are classified

intothefollowing:

Technicalindustrialservices:whicharefocusingproductionprocessesby

work of some equipment necessary for one factory in an isolated unit

separatedfrom

the

rest

of

factories.

Such

services

should

be

localized

in

theindustrialestatetoservethefactories.Theycanbedividedinto:

A Services having commercial, large size nature: that can not beacquired by a single factory alone due to their huge size and its

inabilitytoutilizeitwithitsfullcapacitylikethermaltreatment.

B Services having supply nature: like equipment workshop, testlaboratory,andcalibrationlaboratory.

The following are the technical industrial services that should be

provided in service centers in industrial estates, taking into

considerationthatservicetypedependsontypeanddistributionofthe

factoryactivityintheindustrialestates.


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Technicalandeconomicservices:

A Workshops,repair,andmaintenancecenters:(workshopscentralworkshops for maintenance and repair of industrial equipment

equipmentletting

centers

industrial

facilitation

center

a

variety

ofworkshops).

B Ideal and educational service center for industrial guidance(description and explanation center vocational training center

industrial consulting center research and information center

headquarters of "Industrial Control" and Saudi Arabian Standards

Organization"SASO").

C Storing services(oilreservoirswarehousesandstoresofgoodscentralstoresavarietyofwarehouses)

DMarketingservices(marketingofficesmarketingshowrooms.)E Utility services (hot and cold water generating plant pumping

stations,disposal,andtreatmentofindustrialwastes).

Factories should be identified which would be established in the

industrialestate:to identifythenecessaryservicesforfactoriessuchas

information,technicalconsulting,equipmentletting,andelectroplating.

Factories of the industrial estates should be encouraged to provide

servicestoeachothers.

Social services: social services should be provided (health food

housingentertainmentetc)forfactorylaborsintheindustrialestate

asfollows:

A Healthservices(firstaidcentercentralclinichealthcareserviceunit)

B Commercialservices(supermarketrestaurantscafeterias)C Wireless and telecommunications (post and telegraph office

telephoneandfaxoffice).

DReligiousservices(mosque).


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E Entertainment and landscaping services (open and green spaceslandscapingofstreetsandroads).

Public and miscellaneousservices:theseservicesshould be provided in

light

of

identifying

types

and

needs

of

the

existing

factories

in

the

industrialestateandtherangeoftheirexpectedneedsofservices.The

following are the public and miscellaneous services required for the

industrialestate:

A Administrative services (general management of the industrialestate).

B Bankingservices(bankbranches).C Securityandfirefighting(policedepartmentcivildefense).DOfficeservices.E Building and city maintenance (a center for environment

protectionanddevelopment.).

F Multi purpose special hall (meeting auditorium showroom forproducts

).

GMiscellaneousservices(printingpress,publication,andtranslationgasstation).

322Settingupprogramsandstandardsofservices:

Magnitude of such logistic and complementary services should depend

on economic factors, planning and urban efficiency, and urban level of

this

estate,

as

well

as

the

standards

specified

for

these

needs

and

numberofbeneficiaries.

Site of services should be identified at suitable movement distances of

the service field for any of such services in the industrial estate which

necessitates that access roads to service centers should be facilitated

and safe within transport and traffic networks especially pedestrian

movementandshouldalsobeprovidedwithcarparkingandfacilitiesof

cargoand

stevedoring.


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Servicesinindustrialestate


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323Distributionofservices:

Distribution of services in the industrial estate should follow two

patterns; the first is the central collective pattern for all services, their

elements,and

basic

levels

(central

bar

corner).

The

second

pattern

depends on ascending hierarchy for distribution of services within

boundaries of urban gradation and scope of service for factory activity

levels (gradual scattered). The following points should be taken into

account:

A The main service centers are found in the center of the industrialestate to attract factories, facilitate their operation, enhance their

economicposition,

and

raise

their

production

efficiency.

B Makingservicecentersmoreattractivetoworkersandvisitors.C Providing a space in the middle of the elements and looked up by

vital uses (such as the mosque and the market) and posing civil

defense unit and police department on the main roads to provide

easinessandflexibilityinmovementoftheirvehicles.

324Distribution

of

service

uses

percentages:

Thefollowingistherelativedistributionofserviceusesforguidance:

Serviceuses:withanareanotlessthan5%ofthewholeindustrialestate'sarea:

Industrial services: their area represents 3050% of the service uses'areawithanaverageof40%.

Social services: their area represents 2040% of the service uses' areawithanaverageof30%.

Publicandmiscellaneousservices:theirarearepresents2040%oftheserviceuses'areawithanaverageof30%.

The following service elements should not be less than thefollowing:


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Civil defense: 8 12% with an average 10% of the public andmiscellaneousservicesarea.

Police: 6 8% with an average 7% of the public and miscellaneousservices

area.

Mosque:10 20%withanaverage15%ofthepublicandmiscellaneousservicesarea.

Commercial: 15 25% with an average 20% of the public andmiscellaneousservicesarea.

Health: 5 7% with an average 6% of the public and miscellaneousservices

area.

33StandardsofPlanningandDesigningroadnetwork:

331Identificationoftrafficstudyrequirements:

Requirementsof the industrialestateoftransportandmeansof travel,

shouldbeidentified,andhence,identificationofrequirementsofroads,

innermovement,andparkingspaces(forworkersvisitorstrucks) in

theindustrial

estate.

Percentage

of

road

area

inside

the

industrial

estate

should range from 18 32% of the industrial estate's area with an

averageof25%.

332Principles and considerationsofplanning roadnetwork for the

industrialestate:

A Separation of traffic types with different nature and speed (vehiclesand trucks private transport mass transport pedestrian

movement)andidentificationoftracksforeachtype.

B Studying the relationship between factories that produce heavytraffic flow taking into account capacity of streets leading to these

factories.

C Providing sufficient parking spaces in regions adjacent to factoriesandservicecentersintheindustrialestateatwhichlargenumberof

vehiclesgather

together.


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DSetting up requirements of loading and unloading in the industrialestate where constraints of cargo and stevedore require taking the

followingintoconsideration:Figure(8)

Loadingandunloadingshouldbecarriedoutwithinboundariesofthe factory land in a manner that it does not conflict with traffic

movementintheroads.

Loading and unloading areas should be allocated from the rearfrontparts.

Providingsufficientinnerspacesforturningmovementoftrucksinadditiontoprovidingaspaceforparkingofthesetrucksbasedon

sizesoftrucks.

333 Designing the general structure of road network and its

hierarchy:

Thegeneralstructureofroadnetworkfollowslandusesintheindustrial

estate.Hence,wefindthatthegeneralstructureofroadnetworkinthe

industrialestateisaffectedbyeachofthefollowing:

A Identification of characteristics of traffic between the industrialestateandusesoutsideit.

B Identification of characteristics of traffic between uses in theindustrialestate.

C Identificationoftheroadnetworkhierarchy.D Identificationoftheroadnetworklength.E Identificationofthegeneralstructurepatternofroadnetwork.

Planning of parking spaces should be carried out when planning road

networkintheindustrialestatealongwithdeterminingrequirementsof

parkingspacesforvehiclesandtrucksontheestate'ssite.


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334Principlesofdesigningroadnetworkintheindustrialestate:

Streets surrounding the industrial estate should have service roads.

However, in the inner regions, parking, loading, and unloading spaces

shouldbe

provided

inside

each

plot.

Design

principles

of

road

network

aredeterminedinthefollowing:

Hierarchy of road network: a classification should be set up for road

networkintheindustrialestateaccordingtopurposesandusesrequired

from each of them. Design of roads should be made to fit their uses.

Roads can be divided according to their levels into three types as the

following:

LocalRoads CollectorRoads MainRoads

Figure (9) illustrates theoretical concept of road network. Table (2)

illustrateshierarchyofroadnetworkallowedintheindustrialestate.


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Table(2):hierarchyofroadnetworkallowedintheindustrialestate

RankofRoads Function DesignPrinciples

1 RegionalRoads Carrying traffic movement in large speed andvolumes to outside of the estate, to transport

factory

products

to

consumer

centers

and

link

themtoeachother

No factories are allowed to open on highways forregionalmovement.

2 Mainroads

A Maintrafficroads

Carrying traffic movement from inside theindustrial estate to the other uses (other parts

of the estate) and to regional roads and

highways.

Widewidthsreaching4060m.Serving large depths for large land plots allocated

forfactories.

Access to factories established on these roadsbased on providing service road parallel to the

mainroad.

B

SecondaryRoads

Roads surrounding the industrial estate toseparate it from the other uses and allocated

forspeedtraffic.

They should have service roads and their widthrangesfrom30 40m.

They should have specified entrances and exitsselected at far distances to carry traffic volumes

pooled from one point to another without

obstacles.

3 CollectorRoads They are the backbone of the industrial estateforservinglocalroadstocollecttrafficbeforeit

becomesjam and carry it to the main roads.

Additionally,

they

serve

the

factories

establishedonthem.

Collector roads are used in extending publicutilitylinestofactories.

Car parking should be avoided on sides of theseroads.

Factoriesestablishedonthemmusthaveextensionforcarentrance.

They must be designed at maximum distance of400mfromterminalstationofmasstransportation

formostindustrialfacilities.

Minimum width of a collector road should rangefrom2040mwithapavementof12mwidth(4

lanes,2ineachdirection).

Intersections should be in T form to avoidaccidents.

4 LocalRoads Servingthefactoriesestablishedonthem. They pass through industrial groups

respectively to link industrial facilities of each

group.

Theyshouldhave entrancesfrom the collectorroads.

Width of local roads ranges from 20 30 m toservetrucks.

Entrances of localroadsoncollector roadsshouldnotbelessthan20m.

Take into account requirements of locationsrelatedtocarparkingoutsidestreetboundary.


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Figure(8)


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Figure (9) Theoretical concept of road network and distribution of

parking


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Planning of streets and roads of the industrial estate: On planning of

suchstreets,takeintoconsiderationthattransportvehicles,trailers,and

trucks are the main means of transport in these streets. Width of local

road ranges from 22 30 m. Furthermore, take into account

requirements of the place of car parking outside the road boundary,

dischargeofsurfacewater,andbuildingsetbacks.

Roads inside the industrial estate: widths of roads that servetraffic in the industrial estate (Right of Way) should not be less

thanthefollowing:

ArterialRoads:40 60mwithanaverageof50m. Secondary Arterial Roads (branches): 30 40 m with an

averageof35m.

CollectorStreets:22 40m. LocalStreets:22 30mwithanaverageof25m.

Identification of mass transport tracks and stations: Industrialestate should be providedwith network of masstransport tracks

to transfer labor to the industrial estate. There should be a ring

road for buses around the industrial estate with comparing

number of their units with the amount of work at hours of

entrance and exit from it. Bus stations should be found in the

industrialestateandtheyshouldbedesignedtobeatdistancesof

250500mwithanaverageof350maccordingtodemandand

inner division of the industrial estate. However, farthest walking

distancefor

mass

transport

users

should

not

exceed

500

m

to

the

busstation.

Pedestrian sidewalks: pedestrian sidewalks should be providedwiththeroadnetworkandprovidedbyshading,evergreentrees.

Sidewalk width should not be less than 6 m with a movable

obstacleforenteringcars.Onlyfirefightingvehiclesshouldbelet

toenteronemergency.Sidewalksandpedestrian crossingplaces

areto

be

allocated

at

road

intersections.


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Widthof lanes:widthsoftherightofwayandpavementdependontrafficdemandforecasts.

It is preferred that designing of road sections in the industrial estate

shouldbe

in

two

separate

lanes

for

each

direction.

Roundabout

should

also be found at far distances to permit free movement and return.

Parkingshouldbeavoidedatsidesoftheroad.

Intheindustrialestates,thereshouldbevarietyinoptionsofpavement

widthandtherightofway(asphalt).Therightofwayshouldnotbeless

than15minrelationtotwopavedlanes(7.5m).That'stosaythattrack

width in the industrial estate should not be less than 3.75 m. These

measurements

fit

secondary,

collector,

and

access

roads

and

require

additional lanes in larger development to add a capacity for

accommodating peak time forecasts. 2 lanes are to be added as per

demand. As for main feeding roads, minimum 20 m for paved, and

intersections should have curves with a radius of no less than 20 m to

accommodatetrailersortruck.

Figures (10, 11) the ideal sections of road network, measurements of

vehicles,and

lane

widths

in

roads.


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Figure(10)


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Figure(10),continued


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Figure(11)


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56

Inclination of roads and discharge of water: Inclination in main and

collector roads should not exceed 2 % and in local roads it should not

exceed3%.

Horizontal turning: short sharp turnings should be avoided.Furthermore, radii of turnings should not be less than the

following:

150metersformainarterialstreets

60matersforsecondary(branch)arterialstreets

35metersforcollectorstreets

25matersforlocalstreets

Or they should be according to whatever specifications issued by

Ministry of Transport, or Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs. In

addition, tangent length in opposite turnings of the streets should

notbelessthan30meters.

Radii of turnings in intersections: radius of turning should not beless

than

20

m

for

trucks

in

the

industrial

estate,

Corners: should be designed to meet goods transporting truckswheretheywillbeusedasasecondarylanetomaketurningwhen

using a mix of trucks and trailers. This will fit for using longer

radius.

Radiiofcurves:table(3)showsthemaximumsideinclinationandradiiofcurvesofroadsintheindustrialestate.

Table(3):maximumsideinclinationandradiiofcurvesofroadsinthe

industrialestate

TypeofRoad Regionalhighways MainArterialRoads BranchCollectorRoads LocalRoads

MaximumSideInclination 0.10 0.10 0.12 0.12

MinimumDesignSpeed 90 60 50 40

Middle

islands:

width

of

these

islands

in

collector

and

main

roads

shouldnotbelessthan5metersintheindustrialestate.


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Parkingonroadsides:tracksofsidelongitudinalparkingareusedintheindustrialestateatinevitablenecessarywheneveratruckor

vehiclebreaksdownandtheyareestablishedononeorbothsides

asneededandtheirwidthshouldnotbelessthan2.5meters.

PedestrianSidewalks:traverse inclinationofpedestriansidewalksshouldnotbe lessthan1.5%forpurposesofdischargingsurface

water.Theyshouldalsobeusedontheroadsidesandtheirwidth

shouldnotbelessthan2metersupto4metersormoreinheavy

pedestrianmovementregions.

335Designprinciplesofroadlightingnetworks:

A Lighting design and identification of its levels is done according toSaudistandardMKS335.

B Metal halide lamps are preferred (comply with Saudi standards) tosimilar lamps containing pure mineral vapors because they give

betterlightingandhavehigherefficiency.

C Lampposts are erected so that they are standing upright on theground

level

and

fixed

well

on

their

bases.

DBuried lampposts are equipped with protecting stainless insulatortapethatextends200mmaboveandundergroundlevel.

Takeintoaccountidentificationofthefollowing:

Lightingintensityinvariousroads(maximumandminimumlimits) Distancesbetweenlamppostsforeveryroad. Heightoflamppostsforeveryroad. Minimumpowerloadsandtypesofloads. Methodsofinstallinglightingcablesinservicepassageinroads. Powerdistributionpanelsforlightingandmaximumlightingunits

oneachcircuit.


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Methods of control in operating lighting units whether by photocelldevicesortimer.

34Standardsanddesignprinciplesofcarparking:

341Identifyingcarparkingrequirements:

Requirements of car parking must be identified to fit the factories

whetherfortrucksorvehicles.Theydependonrequirementsofprivate

uses.Percentageofcar parkingspaces in the industrial estate amounts

to37%withanaverageof5%oftheindustrialestate'sarea.

342Principlesofassessmentofcarparkingintheindustrialestate:

Forfactories inthe industrialestate, it isrecommendedtoprovidetwo

carparkingareasatleastforeverythreeemployeesiffactorieshaveno

buses of mass transportation. However, if there are buses, then the

numberofemployeeswhoregularlybenefitfromserviceofsuchbuses

maybedeductedfromthetotalfactoryemployeenumber.Carparking

spaces should be provided for visitors. Parking requirements for

factoriesintheindustrialestateareassessedaccordingtothefollowing:

A Assessmentofemploymentaccordingtocategories: i.e.positionsofmanagers,officeemployees,andworkersoffactoriesineachshift.

B Assessment of parking for each employment category: taking intoconsiderationchangeandusingagroupofcars.

C Study of times of "start" and "end" of work shift: to identify carparkingrequirementsatpeaktime.

D Amending parking requirements by: study of seasonal fluctuations,efficiencyfactorsofparkingspaces,andproblemsofovertime.

Some ideal measurements of car parking in industrial estates are to

consider one parking space for every 500 m2 of the land area and two

parkingspacesforeverythreeworkers.

343Designprinciplesofcarparkingspaces:


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Car parking spaces are integral part of the road network in industrial

estate. Therefore, these places should be planned when planning road

networkofindustrialestate.

Table

(4)

shows

proposed

average

car

parking

spaces

when

planning

landusesintheindustrialestate.However,thefollowingremarksshould

benoticed:

A Whennumberofrequiredparkingspacesisattributedtothebuildingarea,thentotalfloorareasshouldbemeasuredwitheliminatingthe

areainsidethebuildingusedascarparkingorloadingspaces.

B When number of parking spaces is attributed to employee number,thenemployeesworkinginthefactoryshouldbecounted.

Table(4):carparkingspacesaccordingtolanduses

Usage Minimumcarparkingthatshouldbesecuredoutsidestreets

Mosque Oneparkingforevery2050worshipersoroneparkingforevery2.25m2of

theareaofprayer

Localhealthcenter Parkingfor10cars.

Administrativecentersandpostoffice 0.75spaceforeveryemployee.

Officebuildings Oneparkingspaceforevery4060m2ofthetotalfloorarea.

Banksand

professional

offices

One

parking

space

for

every

25

30

m2

of

the

total

floor

area,

or

0.33

spaces

foreveryoffice+0.25spacesforeveryemployee.

Factory Oneparkingspaceforeveryemployee,or0.25spacesforeveryemployee+additionsasperdemand.

Oneparkingspaceforevery3050m2ofthetotalfloorarea.Source:Theconsultant,apoolofapprovedstudiesatMinistryofMunicipalandRuralAffairs(MOMRA).

Platform of loading goods in the factory: loading platform will

accommodate trucks of transporting goods or backup vehicles.

Therefore, the place should be 5 m width and 18.5 m depth with

addition

of

18.5

m

for

manipulation.

For

backup

vehicles,

platform

should be 4 m width and 7.5 m depth with addition of 7.5 m for

manipulation. Loading platforms should not be established on sides of

theroadconfrontingthebuilding.

When designing car parking, vehicle volumes in the industrial estates

dependonparkingangleasshownintable(5)whichillustratesrequired

places and vehicle measurements for car parking in industrial estate


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where car parking and car manipulation consume considerable area of

industrialestatelands.

Table(5):requiredplacesandvehiclemeasurementsforcarparkingin

industrialestate

Parkingangle Placewidth(m) Carwidth(m) Unitdepthofcarparking(m) Widthofoneplacepercar(m)

90 3 7.3 18.9 3

90 2.75 7.9 19.5 2.75

60 2.75 5.5 16.5 3

53 2.75 5.5 16.1 3.35

Source:Theconsultant,apoolofapprovedstudiesatMinistryofMunicipalandRuralAffairs(MOMRA).

35Designprinciplesofpublicutilities:

351Identifying

utility

requirements:

Sophisticated rates should be used for approximate usage of electric

energy, water, and land area per worker. Therefore, when planning an

industrial estate, requirements of public utilities should be identified

(water electricity gas sewage liquid and solid wastes "special

sewage"communicationsetc).

3

5

2

Principles

and

criteria

of

utility

network

required

in

industrial

estate:

Utilitynetworksconsistof:

A Water supply (fresh for drinking irrigation industry firefighting).

B Sanitarydrainageandtreatmentplants.C

Rainwaterdischargenetwork.D Disposalofsolidwastes(collectionandtreatment).E Electricenergy.F Communications.

Aspects that should be taken into consideration when providing public

utilities

in

industrial

estate.


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A The industrial estate should be part of comprehensive andintegrated development (environmental urban economic

socialetc)

B Preparing plans of the proposed public utilities and identification

oftheirpassagesandsuitablelocations.

C Utility networks should achieve four important considerations:efficiencysufficiencyflexibilityeconomy.

DTheproposedfactoriesintheindustrialestateandextentoftheirneeds of public utilities (in terms of quantity and quality) taking

intoaccountthefutureexpansiontofulfilltheincreaseddemand.

E Assemblyoffactorieshavingsimilarneedsofpublicutilitiesinoneregionoftheindustrialestate.

Thus, necessary public utility networks should be designed to fulfill

needsandrequirementsoffactoriesintheindustrialestate.Publicutility

networks are linked to general structure of land uses and general

structureofroadnetworksandtheirhierarchy.

Principlesofwaterandfirefightingnetworks:studyingextentofwater

needsinindustrialestate,andthefollowingapproximationscanbeused

forguidance:

Highneedfactorieswithanaverageof200m3/hectare/day. Lowneedfactorieswithanaverageof25m3/hectare/day. Laborneedsinthefactoryare30liters/person/day. Individualneedsintheresidenceregionare150liters/person/day. Setting up an accurate plan for water supply and distribution in the

industrialestate.

There are some principles and requirements for water network in the

industrialestate.


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Pipe network should cover all the estate with sufficient diameter tofulfillsocialneeds.

Everysiteonwhichafactoryisestablishedshouldhaveanextensionto

water

network.

Water pipelines should be buried under the ground in the roadsanctuaryasfaraspossiblefromsewagepipelinestoavoidpossible

pollutionofwater(distancenotlessthan3meters).

Water pipelines should be at a higher level than sewage pipelines(drainage)sothatnowaterleaksfromsewagepipelinesandavoiding

pollution

of

the

drinking

water.

Criteriaoffirefightingtaps:

Firefightingtapsshouldbeinstalledonpipelinenetworkatadequatedistance (not less than 200 m) to allow serving all factories lying

withintheircircles.Itispreferabletoallocateonefirefightingtapfor

eachfactory.Theseprinciplesandrequirementsshouldcomplywith

requirementsandspecificationsofthecivildefense.

Fire fighting valves should be installed on pipeline network at adistancethatdependson:

A Waterpressureinpipes.B Possibilitiesofoccurringfire.C Usesoftheregion(commercialindustrialresidential).D

Typeofmaterialsusedinbuildingsandtheircombustibility.Generally, distance between fire fighting valves in industrial and

commercialregionsshouldnotexceed160200mm.

Furthermore, a fire fighting valve should not be installed on a pipeline

less than 150 mm in diameter and the valve should be equipped with

threeexits.


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353Principles and considerationsofdesigning rainwaterdischarge

network:

Rainwateriscollectedbyanetworkofinclinations(slopes)orchannels,

takingthe

following

into

consideration:

Maximumdistanceofwatermotiondoesnotexceed200mm. Rainwaternetworkisimplementedonthemainroads. Principlesanddesign:

A Speedisnotlessthan0.75m/sec.B

Minimumdiameterofrainwaterdischargepipesis300mm.C Design of networks is carried out on behavior of a storm for (5)

yearsand stormwatercourseonbehavior ofmaximumstormfor

(5)years.

DDistancebetweeninspectionchambers(manholes)upto700mmnotexceeding120mandupto1000mmnotexceeding160m.

354Principles

and

considerations

of

feeding

with

potable

water

and

industrywater:

3541Drinkingwatersupply:

The most important features that should be available in good potable

watercanbeclassifiedasfollows:

A Clean,colorless,odorless,palatable,cool,anddesirable.B Containsonlyminuteallowableamountofgerms,freeofE.Coli in

random samples up to 100 cm3 (table 6). It should also be free

generally of all pathogens, and does not contain any active or

inactivesuspendedmaterials.

C Shouldnotcontainwhateverchemicalsthatcancausediseasesandtotalacidity(pH)notexceeding68degrees.

DShouldnotcontainwhatevermineralsorcorrosivesubstances.


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Table (6), maximum basic American standards for potable water (MCL

Maximum Contaminant Level) in terms of microbial contaminants

(Coliform Bacteria) (standards of EPA "Environment Protection Agency"

1975)thatshouldbeobserved.

Methodortechnologyoftest Monthlybasis Individualbasisofsamples

A Rubberfilter 1inmorethan100ml Lessthan20samples/month.CountofColiformshould

notexceed4/100mlinmorethanonesampleandinno

morethan5%ofsamples

Morethan10%ofdoses Coliformbacteriashouldnotexistin3dosesormorein

morethanonesampleinnomorethan5%ofsamples

B Fermentationtube:

standardsample(10ml)

standardsample(100ml) Morethan60%ofdoses Fivedosesinmorethan5dosesinmorethanone

sampleoutof20%ofsamples

Since Health Services Center in USA, and WHO (World Health

Organization)identifiedstandardsofdetrimentalsubstancesthatshould

notexceed their limits inany drinkable materials,thesesubstances are

shownintable(7).

Along with health hazardous substances, contamination of potable

water with organic substances plays an increasingly important role in

determiningvalidityornonvalidityofwaterfordrinkingduetoeffectof

organicsubstancesinimpedingtreatmentofdrinkingwater.Presenceof

such substances even in trace concentrations results in occurrence of

badodorinwaterandmakingitunpalatableinadditiontodevelopinga

biologicallayeroninnerwallsofwaterdistributionnetworkpipes.


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Table (7): criteria of health hazardous substances that should not

exceedtheirlimitsindrinkingwater(mg/l)

Elementsorcompounds WHO(WorldHealthOrganization) HealthServicesCenterinUSA

Arsenic(As) 0.1 0.05

Lead(Pb) 0.05

Cadmium(Cd) 0.01

Chromium(Cr) 0.1 0.05

Copper(Cu) 1.0 1.0

Zinc(Zn) 5.0 5.0

Chlorides(Cl) 250

Cyanide(Cn) 0.01

Nitrates(NO3) 45

Phenol(C6H5OH) 0.001 0.001

Sulfates(SO4) 250

Mercury(Hg)

0.002

Silver(Ag) 0.05

3542WaterforIndustry:

Industry is first class water consumer, where its need of water is far

morethanthatofcitieslikethelargeindustrialestates.

Factory needs of industry water amount to 30 40 m3 daily as an

indicative average. This rate may decrease or increase depending on

industrytype.Tocoverindustryneedsofwater,availablesurfacewater

sourcesareoftenused.

As there is variety of water uses in industry purposes according to

factory type and its product, so industry water characteristics that

should be secured are not constant but rather they are determined

according to factory type, nature of the raw material, and importance

andvolume

of

the

produced

material.

The most importantuse of water in industry is often related to cooling

purposes like boiler cooling water as well as in different purposes in

manufacturingofsomekindsofproducts.

In cooling purposes, used water should not have corrosive nature or

does not gain this feature during cooling processes through thermal

conditionsthat

imbalance

compound

of

water

in

calcium

and

carbonic

acid.


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Coolingwatershouldnevercauseanynarrowingindiametersofcooling

pipesinthefactoryasaresultofchangingcompoundbalanceofwater,

p

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