Restricted UNDP/VIE/84/011 Terminal Report VIET NAM

Modernization and Reinforcement of the Seismological Service in Viet N a m

Project Findings and Recommendations

Serial No.: FMR/SC/GEO/91/203 (UNDP)

United Nations Educational, United Nations Scientific and Development Cultural Organization Programme

Paris, 1991

V I E T N A M

MODERNIZATION AND RIENFORCEMENT OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SERVICE IN VIET NAM

Project Findings and Recommendations

Report prepared for the Government of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) acting as Executing Agency for the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

United Nations Educational, United Nations Scientific and Cultural Development Organization Programme

UNDP/VIE/84/011 Terminal Report FMR/SC/GEO/91/203(UNDP) 18 February 1991

© Unesco 1991 Printed in France

(i)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Summary

I. INTRODUCTION

II. PROJECT OBJECTIVES

III. ACTIVITIES AND OUTPUTS

IV. ACHIEVEMENT OF IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVES

V. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Page

(ii)

1

4

5

13

15

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A - UNESCO Consultants 18

APPENDIX B -

APPENDIX C -

APPENDIX D -

APPENDIX E -

APPENDIX F -

APPENDIX G -

Government Project Personnel

Fellowships, Training and Study Tours

List of Publications Prepared in the Framework of this Project

List of Major Items of Equipment Provided by UNDP

List of Institutions Supplied by Vietnamese Seismological Catalogues

Site Information of the Seismological Stations in Viet Nam after their Modernization and Reinforcement

19

21

22

23

24

27

(ü)

SUMMARY

Total Government contribution : 778,160 new Dong (in kind) Total UNDP contribution : US $473,853

The territory of Viet Nam is situated at the cross point of two earthquake belts: the Circum-Pacific and the Mediterranean/Himalayan earthquake zone. The seismicity of the territory of Viet Nam is not well known and the seismic activity could be considerably higher than mentioned by Vietnamese and other authors.

Seismological services in Viet Nam have been performed by the Institute of Geophysics, Tu Lient, Ha Noi, which is a part of the National Centre for Scientific Research of Viet Nam. Seismologists and other scientists, working in seismological service of Viet Nam, have been trained both in Viet Nam and abroad, mainly in the USSR. The fundamental problem of the service was the lack of seismological equipment in the stations, installed in the International Geophysical Year or earlier.

Due to this unfavourable state of affairs, the Government of Viet Nam established in 1984, after negotiations with UNDP, the project, VIE/84/011: "Modernization and Reinforcement of the Seismological Service in Viet Nam", where the Institute of Geophysics Tu Lie served as the Government Implementing Agency and UNESCO, Paris, as the Executing Agency. The development objective of this project was the strengthening of the national capacity to form an efficient seismological service to conduct studies of the earthquake related phenomena and risk in the country.

The immediate objectives were defined by two items:

1. Strengthening of the Institute of Geophysics in order to enable it to:

carry out comprehensive investigations on the occurrence of earthquakes in Viet Nam, realize efficient seismological (and other geophysical) data storage, analysis and distribution, provide seismological data for planning purposes, seismic zoning and design of seismic codes, and advise Government departments on special aspects of seismology.

2. Establishment of contacts and future interchange of seismic data with international and regional centres. The first project document supposed seven outputs of the

first immediate objective and one output of the second one as follows:

(iü)

la) Modernization of six existing stations: five of six stations were modernized by new analogue equipment, manufactured in Germany, on sites Bac Giang, Hoa Binh, Phu Lien, Tuyen Quang and Nha Trang.

lb) Installation of four new stations in north west Viet Nam, Ha Noi and Vinh: new stations were installed in Dien Bien, Lai Chau, Ha Noi and Vinh with a/m Lennartz equipment.

lc) Installation of an electronic laboratory at the Institute: this laboratory was installed in Ha Noi and equipped with an oscillograph, a digital multimeter and other items for maintenance and service of the seismological stations.

Id) Installation of a computer laboratory at the Institute: this laboratory was equipped with a PC and general software. The seismological software provided was adapted and revised. In January 1990 all hardware and software equipment was reinstalled in a special A/C workshop in the new building of the Institute.

le) Seismological database and archive of reliable seismograms: fellows, trained in computation, started the seismological software studies and processing or reprocessing of data.

If) Training of technicians/engineers: the training of personnel has been ensured for employees of the Institute for one month.

lg) Fellowship of scientists: the fellowship has been organized for three scientists of the Institute for a total of 12 months.

2 Availability of international data of the Institute and regular transmission of own data to international centres: closer contacts of Vietnamese scientists started with seismologists from foreign countries; publications and bulletins were prepared.

Time schedule of the fulfilment of the VIE/84/011 project document by year:

1984 Negotiation between the Government of Viet Nam and UNDP

1986 Approval of the project document by the Government of Viet Nam, UNDP, and UNESCO

1987-89 Performance of the project document - seismic noise measurement and analysis, renovation of old buildings and construction of new pavilions for nine seismological stations, equipment ordering, training and fellowship, preparation of bulletins and publications, installation of electronic laboratory, etc.

(iv)

1990 Installation of field equipment, Terminal Tripartite Review Meeting (TTRM), proposal of second stage of the project document from 1991.

During the TTRM, held in Ha Noi in March 1990, it was concluded, that the VIE/84/011 project had been implemented in a satisfactory manner and its objectives had been achieved. The proposal for a second stage was felt to be necessary in order to cover:

- installation of four new seismic stations, installation of engineering seismology equipment, further preparation of national norms and codes, training of scientists and technicians, and international exchange of data.

VIE/84/011 - Modernization and Reinforcement of the Seismological Service in Viet Nam

TERMINAL REPORT

I. INTRODUCTION

1. South-East Asia, including Viet Nam, is situated on the cross point of two earthquake belts of planetary scale: the Circum-Pacific- and the Mediterranan/Himalayan-earthquake zone. Having a rather complex tectonic structure, it is well known that the crust of the Earth in this region has passed through severe deformation periods in recent geologic times. One of the evidences for tectonic changes may be seen in the high seismicity in this part of the Earth. The fact has been confirmed by results of seismological studies carried out within the last 65 years. Seismicity for the period from 114 AD to 1986 is shown in Fig. 1.

2. Seismological studies in Viet Nam have been performed by the Institute of Geophysics (IG), located in Tu Liem, Ha Noi. This Institute is part of the National Centre for Scientific Research (NCSR). The NCSR facilities consist of:

a b c d e f g h i j k 1

Institute of Mathematics Institute of Physics Institute of Chemistry Institute of Biology Institute of Earth Sciences Institute of Oceanography Institute of Mechanics Institute of Computation Techniques and Cybernetics Institute of Technical Tropicalization A branch of the NCSR at Ho Chi Minh City Centre for Geographical Research Institute of Geophysics. 3. The Institute of Geophysics conducts seismological studies and

services for the whole area of Viet Nam. Most scientists have been trained or have studied in foreign countries at well known universities mostly located in East European countries, such as Poland, former GDR and the USSR. Many seismological methods have been introduced by them and applied for the studies in the country.

4. The level of education and professional skill of the technical staff and engineers has not been satisfactory due to reduced practice in maintenance and diagnostics. This reduced ability was a big disadvantage to these technicians, particularly to those operating in distant seismological stations.

102°

22° N

20°

18°

16°

14°

12°

10° N

K

r ' ' " • -

• J £ Ü ' * " »^•itfrD\

104° 106° C 8 ° I 1

i *"v *<?n C H I N

^ • ^ S Ù É S S'J

i

"

-

50 I

)2°E

s MAGNITUDE

O M Í 4 0 •

O M=4lf50

Q M - 5.1-̂ 60

Í J M» 6.1 T 7 0

Í

S \ l

t \ \

V

i /

r ï \

K A M P U C H E A jr-tf

) ° / K V"l>0

S ^^v / (n 0 50 100 150km

- t ' ' '

I

104° 106°

A

S T SE

ov oO

0

s¿ O

i 108« E

~^J^

A

O

öl

o\

o V

jo ( s o

o

o

110°

I

y

\ <

É

%

o.

22° N

20°

18°

16°

14°

12*

10°

N

1 Epicentre distribution of earthquakes on the territory of Viet Nam for the period from 114 to 1986

3

5. Earthquake observations in Viet Nam started as early as 1924 at the Phu Lien seismological station. Since 1957, with the assistance of the Polish Academy of Sciences, this station has been restored to participate in the International Geophysical Year observations and in 1961 the Sapa seismological station was built. After the Bac Giang strong earthquake (M=5.9) in 1967 the Bac Giang seismological station was built in the seismic zone (I = 7) . To study in detail and precisely the earthquake regime of power plants, the Hoa Binh and Tuyen Quang seismological stations were built in 1972 and 1975, respectively. The Hanoi seismological station was built in 1986 within the framework of scientific cooperation between the Institute of Seismology, Uzbek SSR Academy of Sciences and Institute of Geophysics, National Centre for Scientific Research of Viet Nam. in the southern part of Viet Nam, the Nha Trang and Dalat stations were built in 1957 and 1980, respectively. The seismological instruments were supplied by the USSR and Poland. The instruments consist of standard short and long periods with GK-VII galvanometers and RS-II recorders (see Table 1).

Table 1: List of old seismological stations in Viet Nam

Site

Bac Giang

Hoa Binh

Phu Lien

Tuyen Quang

Dalat

Nha Trang

Latitude N

0

21

20

20

21

11

12

/

17

49

48

49

56

16

Longitude E

0

106

105

106

105

108

109

t

14

21

37

12

25

12

6. All data were recorded on photopaper; this technique has been connected with many problems due to paper and developer shortage, environmental problems, etc. Many operational problems had also been caused by shortage of electronic equipment for maintenance and repair.

4

7. Due to this unfavourable state of affairs, the Government of Viet Nam established in 1984, after negotiations with UNDP, the project VIE/84/011 "Modernization and Reinforcement of the Seismological Service in Viet Nam", where the Institute of Geophysics, Tu Liem, Ha Noi, served as the Government Implementing Agency and UNESCO, Paris as the Executing Agency. The purpose of this report is to present information covering the fulfilment of this Project in the period between 1985 and 1990.

II. PROJECT OBJECTIVES

8. The development objectives of the project VIE/84/011 were the strengthening of the national capacity within the Government of Viet Nam to form an efficient seismological service in order to conduct studies of the earthquake related phenomena and risk in the country, in particular:

a) Improvement of seismological observation techniques,

b) Study of the occurrence and the consequences of earthquakes, in the region of Ha Noi and NW Viet Nam, and

c) Start of systematical investigation in engineering seismology, developing of protective measures for different constructions and finally the establishment of national building norms and codes.

9. For the purpose of this project these development objectives were more precisely defined as two immediate objectives 1 (a-d) and 2 as follows:

Objective 1

Strengthening of the capacity of the Institute of Geophysics, Ha Noi as a part of the National Centre for Scientific Research, in order to enable it to:

a) carry out comprehensive investigations on the occur­rence of earthquakes in Viet Nam and on their con­sequences,

b) realize efficient collection, storage, retrieval, analysis and distribution of seismological and other related geophysical data,

c) provide, in close cooperation with Government Departments, important seismological and other data related to planning purposes, seismic zoning and design of seismic codes,

5

d) advise Government departments on special aspects of seismology and geophysics.

Objective 2

Establishment of contacts and future interchange of seismic data with International and Regional centres to further strengthen objective 1 a) and to satisfy the needs of international seismological database.

III. ACTIVITIES AND OUTPUTS

10. Three groups of activities were outlined in the project document:

i. General Management; ii. Equipment and Premises; iii. Consultancies and Training.

A short description of the activities performed by the Government project personnel and/or by the UNESCO consultants is given below.

General Management (Activity 1)

11. The approval of the project document, the nomination of the National Project Director (NPD) and the nomination of the Chief Technical Adviser (CTA) were carried out (Activities 1.1 - 1.3).

Elaboration of training programme (Activity 1.4)

12. The training programme was prepared mainly for technicians, serving in seismological stations on sites and for other technicians, trained for maintenance in field equipment. Due to their reduced international experience, the NPD prepared for them special language training in Ha Noi before their departure. The original volume of training, i.e. 4 technicians x 2 months = 8 m/m was adopted for the one-month training of 7 technicians. This modification gave a good chance for a higher number of technicians to be trained and for their more responsible operation of the seismological equipment.

Consultancy programme (Activity 1.5)

13. The consultancy programme was slightly modified by replacing the mission for the on-site training in routine operation of equipment (1 m/m) by organizing a special meeting of consultants (see para. 32).

6

Appointment of personnel by the Institute of Geophysics with specific responsibilities (Activity 1.6)

14. The project personnel was appointed by the NPD from the staff of the Institute operating at older stations on the site and in Ha Noi.

Drafting of Project progress reports (Activity 1.7)

15. These reports were prepared in close cooperation between the NPD and the CTA and submitted to UNDP, UNESCO and the Government.

Drafting of Agency Terminal Report (Activity 1.8)

16. The first draft of the Agency Terminal Report was prepared in December 1989 for the Tripartite Terminal Review Meeting (TTRM) . According to the conclusions and recommendations of TTRM, held in Ha Noi on 9 March 1990, the present final form was adopted.

Terminal Tripartite Review Meeting (Activity 1.9)

17. The TTRM was organized on 9 March 1990 by the UNDP Field Office Ha Noi.

Equipment and Premises (Activity 2)

Preparation of Equipment List (Activity 2.1)

18. The list was prepared by the CTA and the NPD and after the consultation with the UNDP Field Office it was submitted to UNESCO.

Revision of eguipment list and preparation of site requirements, start of bidding procedures (Activities 2.2 and 2.3)

19. The list was discussed and agreed on at a special meeting of consultants, organized by UNESCO in June 1987. Requirements for site adaptation or the construction of new buildings for seismological stations in the field and for electronic and computation laboratories in Ha Noi were fully organized and covered by the NPD mainly in the new paviliones buildings.

20. Bidding procedures were dealt with by UNESCO for seismological equipment, PC and special software, vehicle, equipment for laboratories, etc. (see Appendix E).

7

Preparation of all station locations and central facilities in Ha Noi (Activity 2.4)

21. Besides the construction of new buildings (see para. 19) the level of seismic noise was measured by analog recorder to check the suitability for seismological equipment installation. All sites were recognized as acceptable, some problems appeared in the preparation of the site in Ha Noi due to the higher level of artificial noise.

Procurement and testing of equipment (Activity 2.5)

22. The seismological equipment was tested at the Sprengnether Co., St.Louis, USA by UNESCO consultants. Later this manufacturer was not granted the US export licence. For this reason UNESCO repeated the bidding procedures (see para. 19) and finally decided on the seismological equipment manufactured by Lennartz GmbH, Tubingen, FRG. This equipment, free of export limits, was tested by a UNESCO consultant in the factory and once more after its delivery as air cargo to Ha Noi.

23. Other items of equipment did not need special testing before delivery.

Installation of equipment in all station locations and in the Institute in Ha Noi (Activity 2.6)

24. The installation of seismological equipment was performed by UNESCO consultants in two steps:

on site installation with the assistance of the head of the seismological station and other trained technicians,

revision of the equipment after 2-4 weeks of operation.

25. The installation of laboratory equipment was ensured by UNESCO consultants in the new building of the Institute.

Consultancies and training (Activity 3)

Study tour of Vietnamese officers ( 2 x 1 m/m) (Activity 3.1)

26. A study tour was performed by the first NPD and his deputy in the second quarter of 1987 to Czechoslovakia, Germany, Switzerland and France.

8

Fellowship of Vietnamese engineers/scientists on seismic data processing and evaluation of seismic hazard (2 x 6 m/m) (Activity 3.2)

27. The fellowship was organized in 1987-88 (see Appendix C).

Training of Vietnamese engineers/technicians on use and maintenance of seismic equipment ( 4 x 2 m/m) (Activity 3.3)

28. The training of engineers/technicians was performed for 7 persons in September 1989 after the manufacturing of equipment by Lennartz GmbH (see Appendix C). The change from the original 4 x 2 m/m to 7 x 1 m/m was recognized as suitable.

Consultant mission for site preparation at 10 stations fl x 1 m/m) (Activity 3.4) -

29. This mission was performed in 1986 (see Appendix A).

Missions of CTA (9 m/m) (Activity 3.5)

30. These missions were performed in 1987-90 (see Appendix A).

Consultant mission for installation of equipment and com­missioning ( 2 x 2 m/m) (Activity 3.6)

31. The installation was performed by two UNESCO consultants in the first quarter of 1990 (see Appendix A).

Consultant mission for on-site training in routine operation of equipment ( l x l m/m) (Activity 3.7)

32. This activity has been covered partly by the CTA and partly by consultants for installation (see para. 31). This change made it possible to cover costs of special meetings of consultants, organized by UNESCO in June 1987 (see para. 19).

Consultant mission for on site training and data processing (software installation) ( l x l m/m) (Activity 3.8)

33. The data processing laboratory was installed by a UNESCO expert in January 1990 (see Appendix A) with the assistance of fellows trained in programming and processing.

34. In the conclusion to this chapter - after the short description of a/m activities - it is possible to compare the final outputs with those formulated in the project document.

9

Outputs related to objective 1

Modernization of equipment in 6 existing seismic stations in Viet Nam

Success Criteria:

Verifiers:

Uninterrupted recording of the earth­quake activity in Viet Nam and vicinity

Improved reliability and accuracy of seismic recordings, data accepted by international data centres

Ext. Factors : Recruitment of consultants, manufact­uring delays, export licencing, climatic influences

Fulfilment: In the framework of the project document, 5 out of 6 existing stations were modernized. The Dalat station was considered for further modernization during the second stage of this project due to the budget limits for equipment. The final description of these stations is given in Appendix G.

Installation of 4 new stations in Northwest Viet Nam, Ha Noi and Vinh

Success Criteria: Rapid information of Government organizations on strong earthquakes, lower detection threshold than before

Verifier:

Ext. Factors:

Fulfilment:

Improved monitoring in Northwestern Viet Nam, detection and monitoring of induced seismicity

Same as under Output a)

New stations in Ha Noi, Dien Bien, Lai Chau and Vinh have been installed in new paviliones in accordance with the Project document. The final description of these new stations is given in Appendix G.

10

Installation of an electronic laboratory at the Institute

Success Criteria:

Verifiers:

Ext. Factors:

Fulfilment:

Maintenance and repair capability for all seismic equipment including failure diagnostics

Trouble-free operation of the seismic equipment

Availability of repair material (basic) and sufficient spare-parts, export licencing problems

The equipment, delivered to Viet Nam, covered: - tools, digital measure sets and necessary material for service and maintenance of seismological stations in the field, and - oscilloscope and function generator for diagnostics and repair of components in Ha Noi. For all this equipment a special workshop has been set up in the new building.

Installation of a computer laboratory at the Institute

Success Criteria:

Verifiers:

Ext. Factors:

Fulfilment:

Determination of earthquake parameters using seismogram recording, data bank capability

Periodical publication of seismic bulletins (monthly, annually), published epicentre maps

Export licencing problems, humidity and dust problems

The PC and general software were sent by the manufacturer Bull Co. to the UNESCO consultant in Brno, Czechoslovakia, where all necessary tests were performed. The seismological software was provided by UNESCO and adapted and revised by the consultant. In January 1990 all hardware and software equipment was reinstalled in a special A/C workshop in the new building of the Institute.

11

Verifiers:

Seismoloqical data base and archive of reliable se i sinograms

Success Criteria: Compilation of earthquake maps, earthquake hazard assessment, seismic risk evaluation

Cooperation with civil engineers and with specialists dealing in other earth science fields, input and basic scientific studies, international data exchange

Availability of programs, cooperation with specialists in informatics in Viet Nam

Fellows, trained in computation, started the seismological software studies and processing and reprocessing of data, recorded at Vietnamese seismic stations. The national data base has been established, but it is new in the stage of first collections. Long-term experience in processing of Vietnamese data will be necessary.

Trained technicians/engineers responsible of operating the new equipment to ensure proper operation and maintenance of the seismic eguipment. For this purpose four technicians will be trained under the project and will, in turn, train other related personnel to ensure a standardized level of technical knowledge in all station and laboratories.

Ext. Factors:

Fulfilment:

Success Criteria:

Verifiers:

Operation and Technical maintenance of seismic equipment in all stations and laboratories

Successful production of seismograms with high continuity, less trouble than in the past

Ext. Factors: Qualification, responsibility of personnel

12

Fulfilment: The training of technicians/engineers (see Appendix C) over a period of one month supplied substantial knowledge for proper operation and maintenance of the seismological equipment. In the course of training teachers recognized the need for explanations in English and Russian with translation into the Vietnamese language, because the language ability of trainees was very different, independently of their practical skill. Some unfamiliarity with analogue electronics was also found and therefore some additional training was performed with practical exercises also during the field equipment installation (activity 2.6).

g) Trained scientists responsible for the collection, storage. retrieval. analysis and distribution of seismological data and for the efficient management and organization of the stations. For this purpose two scientists will undergo long-term overseas training and in turn train related higher categories of personnel at other seismic stations

Success Criteria: Management and operation of the entire seismic station network as well as the laboratories, advancement of earth sciences in Viet Nam

Exploration of the seismological data gained from the network, accurate determination of earthquake parameters, participation in Government decisions on seismic design criteria and regulations

Qualification, responsibility

The long-term fellowship of scientists (see Appendix C) was recognized as very useful for scientific and managing purposes. These fellowships also made possible the preparation of publications (see Appendix D)

Verifiers:

Ext. Factors:

Fulfilment:

13

ii) Outputs related to Objective 2

Availability of international data at the Institute and regular transmission of local data to International Centres.

Success Criteria:

Verifiers:

Ext. Factors :

Fulfilment:

Successful interchange of data with International Centres

Demonstrated by the inclusion of Vietnamese data in International seismological bulletins

Limited international available to Viet Nam

contacts

The UNDP/UNESCO project brought about closer contacts between Vietnamese scientists with seismologists of many countries (Switzerland, Japan, United Kingdom, Czechoslovakia, Thailand, China, etc.).A very important output is the finishing of processing of older seismological data, their verification and publishing (see Appendix D) with the support of UNDP/UNESCO and exchange with similar institutions abroad (see Appendix F) .

IV. ACHIEVEMENT OF IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVES

35. The project document defined two immediate objectives (see Chapter II) with the subdivision of the first immediate objective into 4 sub-items 1(a) - 1(d).

Sub-item 1(a)

36. This subitem was fulfilled by the installation of 9 seismological stations in Viet Nam and by the service of trained personnel. The detectability of this network (see Fig. 2) could be understood as a principal improvement of conditions for seismological data acquisition.

Sub-item Kb)

37. The seismological equipment of Lennartz GmbH was installed later due to the Sprengnether export problems (see activity 2.5) and at the time of TTRM had been in 2-months1 operation only. There is a high probability of successful seismological operation by the

14

Fig. 2 Detectability of seismological network, consisting of stations, built up during the first phase of fulfilment of project VIE/84/011 for monitoring of local earthquakes in Viet Nam

15

personnel of the Institute, but some more time will be needed before a final judgement can be made.

Sub-item lie)

38. The fulfilment of the project document was the origin of closer cooperation within the NCSR and with Government Departments in seismology. This progress could be understood as very substantial. The second part of this subitem, related to seismic zoning, will need further effort to create suitable seismic zoning and to design seismic codes for Viet Nam. One of the main problems is caused by the outdated oscillograph (2 channels, galvanometric registration to photo-sensitive paper) now in use at the Institute, completely unsuitable for routine measurements. Therefore, the solution to this problem is proposed for the second phase of this project, as described in Chapter V.

Sub-item 1(d)

39. The fulfilment of this Project document gave more chances to the Institute personnel and to UNESCO consultants to contact higher Government officials and to inform them about special aspects of seismology and geophysics. The UNDP project document made it possible to put proper significance to seismological problems solved in Viet Nam.

Objective 2

40. The increase of international contacts and the start of inter­change of seismological data are the fundamental results of the fulfilment of the project as described in Chapter III, para. 34 ii) (outputs related to objective 2).

41. In conclusion, in spite of many difficulties (local trans­port, electricity shortage, climatic conditions, etc.) the im­mediate objectives of this project have been properly fulfilled.

V. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

42. The VIE/84/011 project has been implemented in a satisfactory manner and its objectives have been achieved. Nevertheless this fulfilment could be understood as a first step in the moderni­zation of the seismological service in Viet Nam, with a necessity for further continuation. This proposal was felt as very useful and the Terminal Tripartite Review Meeting, held in Ha Noi in March 1990, included it in the recommendations. The proposal for the second stage of the VIE/84/011 Project consists of:

16

i) Installation of 4 new seismic stations at Dalat (remaining station of the first stage) , Ha Long (the area of the Quang Ninh coal mine), Thank Hoa (the region of the Ma River fault system) and Tri An (the area of the hydroelectric plant).

ii) Installation of engineering seismology equipment for field measurement of engineering-seismological tasks with analog and digital output to be processed in the seismological laboratory.

iii) Further preparation of national norms and codes on the basis of seismological data analysis from the national network.

iv) Training of scientists and technicians.

v) International exchange of data as recorded at seismic stations which belong to the Institute of Geophysics and periodical transmission of data to international seismological centres.

43. In summary, some findings and observations specific to Viet Nam should be listed as follows:

i) Scientists and technicians from the Institute of Geophysics and from other institutions contacted by the CTA during his mission to Viet Nam have very profound interest in the improvement of their knowledge. The majority has some language problems, but they are very successful in training abroad. International training and fellowship being understood as an award, it is therefore recommendable to invite these scientists and technicians for international training and postgraduate education even by nongovernmental foreign institutions, institutes and funds.

ii) The availability of scientific books and journals in the library of the Institute and in other institutions is very limited, often with a delay of several years. Providing books and/or subscriptions to scientific journals would be of great value to these scientists.

iii) The execution of the project was very often influenced by rather adverse local conditions:

a) climatic variations with rainy seasons, high humidity,

17

b) limited airline transportation facilities, some lines even operate only once a month;

c) difficult surface transportation, especially in mountain areas, where the average speed could drop to 15 km/hour;

d) shortage of standard materials and spare parts on the local market;

e) different voltage ranging from 220 V, 50 Hz to 120 V, 60 Hz with many power cuts and voltage fluctuations; therefore, uninterruptible power supplies and/or stabilizers are very important for scientific equipment and computers; and

f) special problems connected with export licence grants for import of equipment to Viet Nam.

18

APPENDIX A

Name of Consultant

D. Mayer-Rosa

K. Cidlinksy

L. J.Bribach

P. Firbas

UNESCO Consultants

Country of Origin

Switzerland

Czechoslovakia

Germany

Czechoslovakia

Field of Specialization

Site Preparation (Seismology)

(CTA) Geology

Installation of equipment and commissioning (seismology)

On-site training and data

Contract Duration

m/m

1.0

3.1 1.0 3.0 1.1 1.2

2.0 1.0

1.2 1.1

Expiry Date

30.10.85

30.06.87 30.11.87 31.12.87 31.07.89 06.02.90

31.07.88 31.01.90

31.07.88 31.01.90

processing (soft­ware installation) (seismology)

S. Suyehiro Japan On-site training in routine operation of equipment (seismology)

0.5 15.07.88

J. Skarek Czechoslovakia Installation of equipment and commissioning (seismology)

1.0 1.0

31.12.89 31.01.90

19

APPENDIX B

Government Project Personnel

Post No. Post Title Name

10.01

10.02

National Project Director

Investigators

10.03 Engineers

10.04

10.05

Coinvestigators

Technicians

10.06 Other Personnel

Nguyen Mann Due (till 7/87) Nguyen Dinh Xuyen (since 8/87)

Bui Con Que Pham Van Thuc Nguyen Kim Lap Nguyen Van Luong Do Chien Thang Nguyen Ngoc Thuy

Tran Quang Khoa Nguyen Le Yem Phan Gia Oai Koang Van Chin Nguyen Thi Cam Nguyen Duy Nuoi Nguyen Thanh Tung Le Tu Son Pham Van Mieng

Nguyen The Hung Nguyen Hun Thai Nguyen Hong Phuong Nguyen Kim Loan

Nguyen Kim Thanh Nguyen Van Bach Dinh Doan Phung Nguyen Van Mai Dang Van Tinh Nguyen Van Dung Nguyen Nhu Son Nguyen Kim Dann

Nguyen Thi Xuan Bui Thi My Nguyen Van Nhu

20

APPENDIX B (Cont'd)

13.01

13.02

15.01

15.02

Admin, officer

Secretaries

Drivers

Other

Bui Cong Que Pham Van Mieng

Pham Nam Giang Triesng Quang Hoa Nguyen Thi Huong

Nguyen The Huong Nguyen Van Hong

Dong Thi Nhan Nguyen Thi Nga Pham Thi Thiep

21

APPENDIX C

Fellowships. Training and

Study Tours

c o

-r-l 4-1 a 4-1 •

H

4-1 Ol C

M

4-J 01 o

I >

i

h

4-1 C

3 0

CJ

>, TJ 3 4_) W

C

0 -H

4-1 to

U

3 Q

4-1 r4 (0 4-1 C/)

>,

TD

3 4-> ai

«w

0

73 ^H

<u

•

H

fo

eu

£ (0 2

W

a •H

X

CO

> 0 r-i rH

Q

) tu

O

C

U

CD .

ro

X

•H

N

IW

0 (D

U (0

•H

A;

10 > 0

r-i 0) O

x u

01 N

U

0 2

m

o CO

CO •

n

o •

n o 10

4-1 (0

Dl

P

C

•H

U

01 ••H

01

E

0) 01

O

•H

0 CÜ

M

ai

&H

» >

l

3 O

c eu

>l-rH

3

0 en

3 2

2

0 c u

m -(0

u

•H

N

4-1 0 ai

o 10

•H

X to

> 0 iH

01 0 x u

ai N

u 0

2

^D

O

r-~ co

• CT

o

• CO

(N

>l en

0 r-i 0 E

01

•H

ai ai » E

•

H

¡Si

C

<U

>i

3 a

en

to

2 J

0 C

M

m »

(0 ^ •H

N

>

1 <4-t

o

01 O

to

•H

^ 10 > 0

<-i 0)

o

x: u

eu

N

u o

2

m O

CO

00 • n

o

• m

o

>i

en

o

r-i

o

E

01 •-H

eu

en

c o

Ol

en

c •H

3

C

H

-H

(0 QJ

fc J

H

(D

t-i 4-J C

(U

u 0 c u

DQ

(0 •H

-* (0 > 0

rH

01 O

x o eu

N

U o

s r-l

o

CT

00

(Ti O

(Ti CM

>i

en

o

iH

o

E

01 •H

CU

O

Í « •

H

x: H

c cu

>1

3 E

D

i (0

2 U

0) U

4-1

c <u

CJ

0 c M

CO

10 -H

^ to

> o

r-i 01 0

x u

01 N

u o

• 2

i—i

o CTi

00

CT

O

CT

CM

>i

Cn

o

r-i 0 E

01

-H

0) O

Í »

en

c ro

3 O

C

(0 (0

O

M x

H

«

cu

M

4-J C

01

U 0 c S-l

m

10 •H

X

(0 > 0

H 01

0

x; u

0) N

u 0

2

.-1

o CT

00

CT

O

CT

(N >i

en

0 r-i 0 E

0)

•H

01 O

l » C

ta > c 0) >

1

3 E

en ai 2

>H

0) l-i 4-1 C

01

u o c u

m

to

•ri

¿i (0 > o

r-i 01 O

X

! U

0) N

CJ

o

£

r-1 O

CT

00

CT

O

CT

(N

>l

en

o

.H

o

E

01 •H

01

ai

x: c tu

x: H

c 0) >i

Cn

3

C

en o

2

E-<

01 U

-P

C

0)

CJ

0 C

M

CÛ

tO

•H

.* tO

> 0 r-i 01 O

x; u

01 N

U

o

2 i—i

O

CT

CO

CT

O

CT

CN

>i

Cn

0 r-i 0 E

Ol

•H

Ol O

l » c 10 >

cn

E

C

ta cu

X

-H

Ö

4 S

cu

M

4-1 C

01

u 0 c u

PU

tO

•rH

.* <a > 0

r-i 01 0

X U

0) N

U

0 2

rH

O

(T

00

CT

O

CT

CN

>t

en

O

r-i O

E

01

•r4 01

ai »

c ta > en

C

C

ID

-H

O

X

X

U

01 1-1 3 O

H

>i

•a 3 4-> ai

(0 •ri

X 10

73 >

C

0 tO

rH

-

r-t 01

>1 (-1

0 C

01

01 x;

ta

N u

O

E

4-1

C

ai s-i

-H

ta N

0)

S

r4 •

U

tj O

) h

0 0

2 2

i—1

rH

O

O

r- r-

oo

oo

« •

m

in

o

o

0) X

3

C

O

to

2 C

c o

0)

U

>1

3 ü

O

en

3

3 2

Q

0Q

22

APPENDIX D

List of Publications Prepared in the Framework of this Project

Nguyen Dinh Xuyen et al., 1988. Bulletin of Vietnamese seismo-logical stations in the period from 1981 to 1986 (near earthquakes). NCSR Ha Noi.

Nguyen Dinh Xuyen et al., 1988. Bulletin of Vietnamese seismo-logical stations from 1983 to 1984 (far earthquakes). NCSR Ha Noi.

Nguyen Dinh Xuyen, Nguyen Ngoc Thuy, Nguyen Thanh Tung, Le Tu Son, Nguyen Thi Kim Loan, Tran My Thanh, 1989. Seismic activity in Hoa Binh region after filling the Hoa Binh reservoir. NCSR Ha Noi. Nguyen Dinh Xuyen, 1989. Bulletin of Vietnamese seismological

stations in the period from 1987 to 1988 (near earthquakes). NCSR Ha Noi.

Nguyen Dinh Xuyen, 1989. The study of Earthquake Engineering in Viet Nam. NCSR Ha Noi.

Nguyen Dinh Xuyen, Nguyen Kim Lap, Nguyen Ngoc Thuy, Ngo Thi Lu, 1989. The catalogue of earthquakes in the territory of Viet Nam from ancient time through 1989. NCSR Ha Noi.

Nguyen Dinh Xuyen, 1989. Seismic zoning of the territory of Viet Nam. NCSR Ha Noi. Nguyen Kim Lap, 1989. Seismicity of the Indochina Peninsula. NCSR

Ha Noi. Nguyen Kim Lap. Earthquake activity in the North part of Viet Nam

during the period 1976-84. Academia Prague, Applied Geophysics (in press).

Nguyen Ngoc Thuy, 1989. Maximum expected earthquake in the territory of North Viet Nam according to seismological data. NCSR Ha Noi.

Nguyen Ngoc Thuy, 1989. Geologo-geophysical criteria of seismo-genic zones in the territory of North Viet Nam. NCSR Ha Noi.

23

APPENDIX E

List of Manor Items of Equipment Provided by UNDP

1 Kenwood 2-channel Oscilloscope CG-1-21

1 Kenwood Function General FG-273 Oscillation Frequency Range

1 Seisometer LE 3D Triaxial Active 1 Sec. Geophone

1 Seismic Field Station 3-channel Helical Drum Recorder W. Electronics

1 Bull Micral 45 1 MB. W. Mondo Screen, Matrix Printer, Automatic Sheet Feeder and Backup

1 Toyota Landcruiser 4x4

1 Cannon HP-20x5 Paper Copier

24

APPENDIX F

List of Institutions Supplied by Vietnamese Seismological Catalogues

Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik Vienna, Austria

Section de Geodynamique, Bruxelles, Belgium

Geophysical Institute of Academy of Sciences Sofia, Bulgaria

Geofyzikalni ustav CSAV Prague, Czechoslovakia

Institute of seismology Helsinki, Finland

BRGM - Service risque et genie sismiques Marseille, France

UNESCO, Division of Earth Sciences Paris, France

Centre Seismologique Euromediterranean Strasbourg, France

Institut de Physique du Globe Strasbourg, France

Seismologisches Zentralobservatorium Erlangen, FRG

Zentralinstitut der Physik der Erde Jena, FRG

Seismological Institute Athens, Greece

Seismological Observatory Budapest XI, Hungary

Instituto Nazionale di Geofisica Rome, Italy

Seismological Observatory Bergen, Norway

25

APPENDIX F (Cont'd)

Institut Geofyziki PAN Warszaw, Poland

Observatorio Geophysical Central Toledo, Spain

Seismological Section Uppsala, Sweden

UNDRO Geneve, Switzerland

Swiss Seismological Service Zurich, Switzerland

International Seismological Centre Newbury, United Kingdom

Institute of Sea Geology and Geophysics, Far East Section . Juzhnosakhalinsk, U.S.S.R.

Gidroproject Moscow, U.S.S.R.

Institute of Physics of the Earth Moscow, U.S.S.R.

World Data Centre B2 for Solid Earth Geophysics Moscow, U.S.S.R.

Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology Skopje, Yugoslavia

State seismological bureau, Institute of Geophysics Beijing, China

Indian Meteorological Department New Delhi, India Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics Jakarta, Indonesia UNESCO Regional Office Jakarta, Indonesia

Faculty of Sciences, Kyoto University Takajsuli-Osaka, Japan

26

APPENDIX F (Cont'd)

Japan Meteorological Agency Tokyo, Japan

Malaysian Meteorological Service Salangar, Malaysia

Meteorological Department Bangkok, Thailand

UNDP Field Office Ha Noi, Viet Nam

Seismological service of Canada Ontario, Canada

Instituto de Ingeneria UNAM Cayoacan, Mexico

Institute of Seismic Researches Managua, Nicaragua

Regional Centre of Seismology for South America Lima, Peru

National Geophysical Centre Data Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.

World Data Centre A for Solid Earth Geophysics Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.

U.S. Geological Survey Denver, Colorado, U.S.A.

Hawai Institute of Geophysics Honolulu, Hawai, U.S.A. U.S. Geological Survey Reston, Virginia, U.S.A.

Seismological subsection, Cannberra, Australia

Geophysics Division Wellington, New Zealand

27

APPENDIX G

Site Information of the Seismoloaical Stations in Viet Nam after their Modernization and Reinforcement

Site

Bac Giang

Hoa Binh

Phu Lien

Tuyen Quang

Nha Trang

Ha No i

Dien Bien

Lai Chau

Vinh

Latitude N

4

21

20

20

21

12

21

21

22

18

/

17

49

48

49

16

02

22

03

45

Longitude E

0

106

105

106

105

109

105

103

103

105

/

14

21

37

12

12

47

03

08

48

Number of components

3

3

1

3

1

1

1

1

1

Elevation m

15

30

90

35

5

6

1050

1100

5

Founda­tion

sand­stone sand­stone quartz-ite quartz-ite rhyolite

clay

slate

sand­stone quartz-ite