Modernism in Visual Arts and Music - boun.edu.tr · bridge between the animal and the...
Transcript of Modernism in Visual Arts and Music - boun.edu.tr · bridge between the animal and the...
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Modernism in Visual Arts and Music
HUM 102
Cultural Encounters II
Rana Gediz İrenBoğaziçi University
İstanbul Philharmonic Society
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Artists began to emphasise the extreme expressive properties of pictorial form to explore subjective emotions
and inner psychological truths
while
composers of Classical Music turned to radical new ways of expressing melody, harmony and rhythm
Arts in Europe 1900-1945
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Sigmund Freud (1856-1839)
• Austrian neurologist who is the founderof psychoanalysis.
• The Interpretation of Dreams (1900).
• Explorations of the role of sexuality and thesubconscious.
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Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)
• German philosopher and cultural critic. His writings on truth, morality, aesthetics, cultural theory, nihilism, consciousness, and the meaning of existence have exerted an enormous influence on Western philosophy and intellectual history.
• Metaphor of the “Bridge”: Mankind as a bridge between the animal and the superman/overman.
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Emil Nolde (1867-1956), Self Portrait, 1947
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Modernism in Germany - Expressionism
• Developed in pre-WW1 Years.
• Characterised by simplified shapes, bright colours and gestural marks or brushstrokes.
• The image of reality is distorted in order to make it expressive of the artist’s inner feelings or ideas.
• Concerned with the contemporary psychological situation. Confession of moods of anxiety, frustration and resentment towards the modern world.
Die Brücke (The Bridge) – Dresden 1905
Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider) – Munich 1911
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Die Brücke manifesto 1906
“We call all young people together and as young people
who carry the future in us, we want to wrest freedom
for our actions and our lives from the older, comfortably
established forces.”
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Street, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Dresden 1908
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Emil Nolde, Dance Around the Golden Calf, 1910
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Emil Nolde, Still Life with Masks III, 1911
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Emil Nolde, The Missionary, 1912
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The Life of Christ, Emil Nolde, 1911-1912
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• Opera in 1 act by Richard Strauss
• Libretto by Strauss, after Oscar Wilde’s Salomé’s German translation by Hedwig Lachmann
• Premier in Dresden, 1905
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Modernism in Germany - Expressionism
• Developed in pre-WW1 Years.
• Characterised by simplified shapes, bright colours and gestural marks or brushstrokes.
• The image of reality is distorted in order to make it expressive of the artist’s inner feelings or ideas.
• Concerned with the contemporary psychological situation. Confession of moods of anxiety, frustration and resentment towards the modern world.
Die Brücke (The Bridge) – Dresden 1905
Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider) – Munich 1911
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Almanach Der Blaue Reiter, 1912
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Franz Marc, The Blue Horse I, 1911
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Franz Marc, Sleeping Shepherdess, 1912
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August Macke, Woman in the Green Jacket, 1913
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Paul Klee, Raumarchitekturen (Auf Kalt-Warm), 1914
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Impression III (Konzert), Vasily Kandinsky, 1911
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Arnold Schoenberg, The Red Look, 1910
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Portrait of a Young Girl, Oskar Kokoschka, 1913
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Poster for Kokoschka's one-act play Murderer, Hope of Women at
the Gartentheater of the Internationale Kunstschau
(International Art Show)1909, Vienna
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Self-Portrait, Grimacing, Egon Schiele, 1909
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The 2nd Viennese School
Arnold Schoenberg (1874-1951)
Alban Berg (1885-1935)
Anton Webern (1883-1945)
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• Opera in 3 acts by Alban Berg
• Libretto by Berg, based on the drama Woyzeck, by the German playwright Georg Büchner
• Composed between 1914 and 1922 premiered in Berlin in 1925
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Self Portrait, Alexander Shevchenko (1883-1948), 1907
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Alexander Shevchenko, Neo-Primitivism: Its theory, Its Potential, Its Achievements, 1913
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Russian Avant-garde Movements 1908-1935
Neo-primitivism
Rayonism
Cubo-futurism
Suprematism
Constructivism
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Alexander Shevchenko, Musicians, 1913
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Russian lubok: Barber Cutting off the Beard of an OldBeliever, early 18th Century
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The Five (The Mighty Handful), Second half of 19th Century
Aleksander Borodin, Mily Balakirev, César Cui,Modest Mussorgsky, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
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Alexander Shevchenko A series of costumes for the Opera "Mlada”, 1908
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Alexander Shevchenko, Wife’s Portrait, 1905
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Lyre, Vasily Kandinsky, 1907
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Mikhail Larionov, Gypsy Woman In Tiraspol, 1908
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Natalia Goncharova, Fishing, 1909
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The Rite of Spring (1913)
• Subtitled: “Scenes of Pagan Russia”
• Production: Diaghilev’s Ballet Russes
• Premiere: May 29, 1913, at the Théatre desChamps-Elysées in Paris
• Music: Igor Stravinsky
• Scenario: Igor Stravinsky and Nikolay Roerich
• Choreography: Vaslav Nijinsky
• Costume design: Nicholas Roerich
• Stage design: Nicholas Roerich
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Natalia Goncharova’s Stage and Costume Designs for The Golden Cockerel, 1914
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Parade (1917)
• Ballet in one act
• Premiere: 18 May 1917, Theatre du Chatelet, Paris
• Production: Les Ballets Russes of Serge Diaghilev
• Music: Eric Satie
• Scenario: Jean Cocteau
• Choreography: Léonide Massine
• Costume design: Pablo Picasso
• Stage design: Pablo Picasso
• Programme notes: Guillaume Apollinaire
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Gelett Burgess, Picasso in his Bateau-Lavoir studio, 1908
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Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (The Young Ladies of Avignon), 1907
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The Song of the Nightingale (1920)
• Ballet in one act
• Production: Les Ballets Russes of Serge Diaghilev
• Premiere: 2 February 1920, Théâtre national de l’Opera, Paris
• Music: Igor Stravinsky
• Choreography: Léonide Massine
• Costume design: Henri Matisse
• Stage design: Henri Matisse
• Libretto: After the story by Hans Christian Andersen
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Henri Matisse, The Dance, 1909
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The Song of the Nightingale (1920)
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• From 1928, when Joseph Stalin inaugurated his First Five-Year Plan, an iron hand fastened on Soviet culture. Centrally administered unions were formed:• Artists' Union of the USSR (1932)• Union of Soviet Composers (1933)
• In music a direct and popular style was demanded. Avant-garde music and jazz were officially banned in 1932.
• Socialist Realism from 1934 on: Writers, composers and artists were constrained to take the triumph of the proletariat as their only subject and portray socialism in a positive light.
• Formalism: The word used in U.S.S.R. for arts resembling Western modernism.
Arts under Stalin
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Alexander Deineka, Collective Farm Worker on a Bicycle, 1935
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‘Thank you Comrade Stalin for our happy life!’, Nikolai Zhukov, 1940
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Alexander Shevchenko, Landscape with Tree, 1936
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Dmitry Shostakovich (1906-1975)
• Russian composer renowned particularly for his 15 symphonies, numerous chamber works, and concerti.
• Many of them written under the pressures of government-imposed standards of Soviet Socialist Realism.
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Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District (1930–32)
Katerina Ismailova, an unhapily married woman in
a provincial town in 1860s Russia takes a lover
from among her husband's workmen. She kills her
father-in-law, Boris, who gets suspicious. She then
connives with her lover, Sergei to kill her abusive
husband, Zinovi, so that they can get married. But
Zinovi’s corpse is found and the lovers get sent to a
Siberian prison camp. When Sergei’s eyes wander
to another woman, Katerina drowns herself in a
river, taking her rival with her.
• Opera in 4 acts by Dmitri Shostakovich
• Libretto: Written by Shostakovich and Alexander Preys, based loosely on a story by Nikolai Leskov published in 1865.
• Premiere: 1934
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DEGENERATE ART in Nazi Germany
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Emil NoldeThe Life of Christ, 1911-1912
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Die Sünderin, Emil Nolde, 1926
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Emil Nolde, Evening Landscape North Frisia, date unknown
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Emil Nolde, Sea with Red Sky, date unknown