Modernism 1918-1945. Difference between Realism and Modernism Whereas REALISM Emphasized...
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Modernism
1918-1945
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Difference between Realism and Modernism
Whereas REALISM Emphasized absolutism, and Believed that a single reality could be determined
through the observation of nature
MODERNISM Argued for cultural relativism, And believed that people make their own meaning
in the world.
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Value Differences in the Modern World
Pre-Modern World Modern World (Early 20th Century)
Ordered Chaotic
Meaningful Futile
Optimistic Pessimistic
Stable Fluctuating
Faith Loss of faith
Morality/Values Collapse of Morality/Values
Clear Sense of Identity Confused Sense of Identity and Place in the World
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World War I:1914 (1917-1918)
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WWI: Doughboys and Air Fights
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WWI: Trench War Fare and Poison Gas
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Russian Revolution: 1917
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Social Snapshot of the Times
Result of Political Turmoil Revolutionary Ideologies Rise
Fascism The separation and persecution or denial of
equality to a certain group based on race, creed, or origin
Nazism Socialism featuring racism, expansionism and
obedience to a strong leader Communism
Control of the means of production should rest in the hands of the laborers.
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Fascism and
Nazism
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Communism
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Social Snapshot of the Times
Scientific Revolution Quantum theory
Explains the nature of matter and energy on the atomic and subatomic level
Principle of Uncertainty In quantum mechanics: increasing the
accuracy of measurement of one observable quantity increases the uncertainty with which another may be known
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Snapshot of the Times: Implications for Nature of Reality
Many-worlds (multi-verse) theory As soon as the potential exists for any object to be
in any state, the universe of the object transmutes into a series of parallel universes equaling the number of possible states in which an object can exist. Stephen Hawking posits the possibility for interaction between universes.
Copenhagen interpretation: nothing exists until it is measured: Schrödinger's cat (dead and alive)
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Schrödinger's cat
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Forces Behind Modernism
The sense that our culture has no center, no values.
Paradigm shift from the closed, finite, measurable, cause-
and-effect universe of the 19th century to an open, relativistic, changing, strange universe;
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Characteristics of Modernism in Literature
Literature Exhibits Perspectivism Meaning comes from the individual’s
perspective and is thus personalized; A single story might be told from the
perspective of several different people, with the assumption that the “truth” is somewhere in the middle
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Characteristics of Modernism in Literature
Inner psychological reality or “interiority” is represented
o Stream of consciousness—portraying the character’s inner monologue
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Characteristic of Modernism in Literature
Perception of language changes: No longer seen as transparent, allowing us
to “see through” to reality; But now considered the way an individual
constructs reality; Language is “thick” with multiple meanings
and varied connotative forces.
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Characteristic of Modernism in Literature
Emphasis on the Experimental Art is artifact rather than reality; Organized non-sequentially
Experience portrayed as layered, allusive, discontinuous, using fragmentation and juxtaposition.
Ambiguous endings—open endings which are seen as more representative of reality.
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The Armory Show: International Exhibition of Modern Art, 1913
Watershed date in American art
Introduced astonished New Yorkers, accustomed to realistic art, to modern art;
Teddy Roosevelt said, “That’s not art!”
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Matisse
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Cubism
Cubism—1909-1911 Art in which multiple views are presented
simultaneously in flattened, geometric way.
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Cubism
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Dadaism
Dadaism –deliberately irrational a protest against the barbarism of the War and
oppressive intellectual rigidity; Anti-art
Strives to have no meaning Interpretation dependent entirely on the
viewer; Intentionally offends.
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Dadaism
Duchamp
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Surrealism
Surrealism Grew out of Dada and automatism. Reveals the unconscious mind in dream images,
the irrational, and the fantastic, Impossible combinations of objects depicted in
realistic detail.
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Surrealism
Dali Magritte
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Jackson Pollock
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Futurism
Futurism—grew out of Cubism. Added implied motion to the shifting planes
and multiple observation points of the Cubists;
Celebrated natural as well as mechanical motion and speed.
Glorified danger, war, and the machine
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Futurism
Giacomo BallaKandinsky
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Modernism Timeline
1914: Outbreak of WWI
1917: US enters war, Russian Revolution
1919: WWI ends, Einstein’s Relativity
theory confirmed, Prohibition begins
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Modernism Timeline
1920 League of Nations
begins; 19th Amendment
granting women the vote
1921—Irish Free State proclaimed
1922—Fascists march on Rome under Mussolini
1923—Charleston craze
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Modernism Timeline
1925— Image of human
face televised Hitler published Mein
Kampf 1927
Lindbergh flies solo across Atlantic
Al Jolson, first talkie
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Modernism Timeline
1929—US stock market crashes;
1933 Hitler appointed
Chancellor of Germany
First German concentration camps
Prohibition ends in US
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Modernism Timeline
1934—Hitler becomes dictator
1936—Civil War in Spain begins
1938—Germany occupies Austria
1939 Hitler and Stalin make
pact; Germany invades
Poland Great Britain and
France declare war on Germany
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Modernism Timeline
1941 Germany invades
USSR Japan bombs Pearl
Harbor, US enters war 1942
Battle of Stalingrad, Battle of Midway;
T-shirt invented 1944—D-Day invasion of
France
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Modernism Timeline
1945 End of war in Europe Atomic bomb
dropped on Japan First computer built Microwave oven
invented United Nations
founded
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