MODERN WORLD HISTORY An Introduction- The Basics

Questions to consider:Discuss the following with your neighbor, be ready to share your answer…

Your thoughts???

Does History repeat itself?

Can we learn from the past? Examples?

Now and Then…..

Do you think there is anything to be learned from past events that could help with current events?

Unit I- Enduring Understandings

1. Geography themes of location, place, movement, human-environment interaction and region are useful tools for understanding history and current events.

2. A society’s values can be seen through their cultural and scientific achievements

3. Challenges to the social and political order frequently come from radical new ideas.

4. Technology, commerce, and religion cause cultures to interact, exchange and conflict with one another.

5. Every society has developed some political system by which either the one, the few, or the many rule over others.

Unit I- Essential Questions

1. How does geography affect people and societies?

2. How can ideas change the world? 3. What is globalization and when did it begin?4. What happens when different cultures

interact? Why do technology, commerce and religion have an impact on inter-cultural interactions?

5. What is the proper relationship between citizens and their government?

SEEDS OF CHANGE: EMERGENCE OF THE 1ST

GLOBAL AGE (1450-1770)

Unit I

The Modern World History Journey“Time to pack your back pack”

Before we begin on our trip throughout history we must make sure that we have the fundamentals down!

* Fundamental understanding of World Geography

* Grasp of the major World Religions

* Knowledge of the Reformation

* Recognizing the impact of the Renaissance

* Comprehension of the Enlightenment theories related to government and society.

Unit Overview

By the end of the Journey, you will be experts in the following areas….

World Geography and Religions The Renaissance The Reformation The Scientific Revolution Explorations and the Columbian Exchange Absolutism Intro to Enlightenment

MWH FUNDAMENTALS!

1. Geography -

* Label Countries

* Geography Primer

* Complete Europe, Asia Maps and Africa* There will be a geography quiz!

2. World Religions-

* Brainstorm on Religions

* Complete Religion Chart

* Notes on World Religion- Power point

* Where in the World activity

Geography Primer

How Many Continents? Name them.

How Many Oceans?

Global Map

Geography Primer

Largest Country?

Smallest Country?

Most populated?

Most Densely Populated?

Name that Country!

Map Time!

Map hand outs- Complete the 2 maps of- Europe and Asia. Using the classroom set text books and label the required locations for each map as assigned.

World Religions

What are the major religions of the world?In order by membership:

1. Christianity- 2 Billion

2. Islam- 1.3 Billion

3. Hinduism- 900 Million

4. Buddhism- 360 Million

5. Traditional Chinese Religion- 225 Million

6. Judaism- 14 Million

Religions of the World

WORLD RELIGIONS

Interactive Map

World Religions: A Comparison

Buddhism

Name of Deity The Buddha did not teach a personal deity

Founder The Buddha

Holy Book No one book—sacred texts including the Perfection of Wisdom Sutra

Leadership Buddhist monks and nuns

Basic Beliefs Suffering and sorrow caused by selfish desires. Persons achieve complete peace and happiness (nirvana) by eliminating material possessions.

World Religions: A Comparison

Christianity

Name of Deity God

Founder Jesus Christ

Holy Book Bible (Old and New Testaments)

Leadership Clergy (priests, ministers, etc.)

Basic Beliefs There is only one God; Jesus Christ was the son of God. He died to save humanity from sin,

making eternal life possible for others; Persons achieve salvation by following teachings of Jesus

World Religions: A Comparison

Hinduism

Name of Deity Three main Gods: Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva

Founder No one founder

Holy Book No one book, sacred texts including the Vedas, the Puranas

Leadership Guru, Holy Man, Braham priest

Basic Beliefs The soul never dies but is continually reborn (Reincarnation); Persons achieve happiness after freeing themselves of earthly desires, Freedom from earthly desires comes from

lifetime of worship, knowledge, and virtuous acts.

World Religions: A Comparison

Islam

Name of Deity God (Allah)

Founder Muhammad

Holy Book Qur’an (Koran)

Leadership No clergy

Basic Beliefs Persons achieve salvation by following the Five Pillars of Islam and living a just life. These

pillars are faith, alms giving, fasting (Ramadan), pilgrimage to Mecca, and daily prayer (5x a

day).

Difference between Islam and Muslim…

Islam is the religion and Muslims are people who understand, believe, and practice Islam.

Islam is to Christianity what Muslims are to Christians.

World Religions: A Comparison

Judaism

Name of Deity God (Yahweh)

Founder Abraham

Holy Book The Torah (First five books of the Old Testament – which is the Hebrew Bible)

Leadership Rabbis

Basic Beliefs There is only one God (monotheism); God loves and protects his people but also holds people accountable for their sins and shortcomings; Persons serve God by studying the Torah and

living by its teachings.

“The Backpack”

Backpack Check-

1. Grasp of World Geography - X

2. Understanding of World Religions- X

3. Renaissance

4. Reformation

5. Scientific Revolution

6. Absolute Monarchy

7. The Enlightenment

How did we get to the Modern Era???

Renaissance

Reformation

Exploration

Scientific Rev.

Enlightenment

What do all the above movements have in Common?

Questioning and challenging existing institutions…. Asking if the way of the day was just or was it “how it should be”

All of these movements sought CHANGE

What institution was challenged by each movement?

With a partner, list each movement and write down what you know about it and what you think was “challenged” or changed by the movement.

Renaissance Reformation Exploration Scientific Revolution Enlightenment

Be prepared to share your answers

Changing the status quo….

Renaissance- Changed life and the way people lived

Reformation- Changed the power of the Church

Exploration- Changed the boundaries of the world

Scientific Revolution- changed the power of the Church and the beliefs of the time related to nature

Enlightenment- Changed the acceptance of Autocracy- Monarchs and Dictators

Background

The Renaissance followed the late ____________ (1300s), a time of great suffering due to wars, famines, and plague.

The _______ plague (the “Black Death”) swept through Europe after 1347.

25 million died –one third of Europe’s population!

Music, arts, and sciences ignored as people focused on _______________.

Middle Ages

bubonic

trying to survive

The Plague….

News reel footage of a village devastated by the plague… (warning: some scenes are graphic)

Body collection and disposal

How was the plague spread?

Renaissance

After centuries of suffering through war and the plague, people wanted to enjoy life.

A movement began to embrace the celebrations of the past, in art and culture, and to move away from the dreary world promoted by the church.

This movement became known as the Renaissance, or Rebirth.

CHANGED the way people lived and celebrated life

Renaissance

The Renaissance began in northern Italy around 1300, and later spread to the rest of Europe.

The Renaissance began in Italy because the rest of Europe was caught up in War, particularly England and France (Hundred Years War.)

Italy also had a wealthy merchant class- able to support the arts- they were referred to as Patrons.

The most famous and wealthy of the Italian families were the Medici family.

Renaissance

Renaissance

This is the era of history characterized by the achievements of Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci.

Michelangelo is best known for his sculpture of David and his painting of the Sistine Chapel.

Da Vinci is best known for his painting, The Mona Lisa.

Both of these men were well versed in many fields and as such inspired the term “Renaissance Man”.

RenaissanceDa Vinci

RenaissanceDa Vinci’s Mona Lisa

RenaissanceDaVinci’s “The Last Supper”

RenaissanceDa Vinci’s Other Works

RenaissanceDaVinci’s Inventions

RenaissanceDaVinci’s Anatomical Studies

Renaissance

Da Vinci Anatomical Drawings

Images

RenaissanceMichelangelo

RenaissanceMichelangelo

Renaissance

Images of Michelangelo’s work

Sistine Chapel

more images

RenaissanceMichelangelo- David

Printing Press: Why Important?

Less errors than hand-copied

texts. Books mass produced

and became cheaper and more accessible.

New ideas traveled more quickly, spread more widely, and became permanent.

People began to read --and interpret- things for themselves.

Technology of the Renaissance

The most significant invention of the Era was without a doubt, the Gutenberg Bible.

Renaissance

The Gutenberg Printing Press was invented during this time. Extremely important in that it allowed ideas and literature to spread more rapidly than ever before. The key was “moveable type”.

The Best known work was the Gutenberg Bible, published in 1455.

Gutenberg Bible

180 produced. 48 exist today (not all complete).

Legacy of the Renaissance

Cultural rebirth and revival of classical thought/culture. Strong sense of individualism. Increase in secularism (the separation of church and gov) Greater questioning of Church and religion. More educated and literate population. Emergence of materialism. Higher standards of living.

Legacy of the Renaissance

Led to burst of creativity. Led to spread of new ideas. Renaissance belief in theimportance of the individualplayed key role in gradual rise of democratic ideas. Globalized the world with advances in

technology The world was connected by trade

Niccolo Machiavelli

Italian intellectual and government official.

Wrote The Prince in 1513.

Guidebook on how rulers can gain and keep power.

Controversial ideas are still studied and practiced today.

Machiavelli’s Key Ideas

Safer for rulers to be _____ than loved. ________ more effective in obtaining one’s goals than ________. Acquiring and maintaining

________ more important than being a “good” leader.

Leaders should do what’spolitically effective, not whatis ___________ .

feared

Trickery

honesty

power

morally right

What does “Machiavellian” mean?

Describes ruler who …

• Is politically cunning and crafty.

• Practices duplicity ( uses treachery, deceitfulness, trickery, dishonesty). • Uses any means to stay in power.

• Favors the use of arbitrary power.

Renaissance

The Renaissance changed Life.

It changed daily life and it changed the expectations people had for life in the present.

Prior to the Renaissance, people lived and accepted dreary lives because of the promise of a more fulfilling and happier life after death.

The Reformation

The Reformation grew out of growing criticism of the Catholic Church and the Pope.

For Centuries, the Pope had been the most powerful figure in all of Europe.

However, the power of the Pope and the Church, became an opportunity for abuse by many.

The Reformation

People began to criticize the practices of the Church.

One particular practice that drew a lot of criticism was the selling of “Indulgences”.

* Basically if a person contributed enough money to the church they would be given an indulgence, or pardon, for their sins. The church told people that this would shorten their time in Purgatory.

The Reformation

One of the foremost critics of this practice and the power of the Pope was Martin Luther.

Martin Luther published his work “The 95 Theses”. His work was published and news spread quickly all over Germany.

This began the “Reformation” or the reform of the church.

Reformers became known as “Protesters”, and as a result the new faiths that began were referred to as “Protestant”.

Luther’s followers became known as “Lutherans”.

The Reformation

King Henry VIII- began the Anglican church as a result of an argument with the Pope. King Henry VIII wanted a divorce The Pope would not allow the divorce because of the fact

the King’s wife, was the Aunt of the Holy Roman Emperor –Charles V.

King Henry VIII started the Anglican Church just to get divorced.

John Calvin- Calvinism John Knox- Presbyterian Church (based on Calvin’s

teachings)

The Reformation

In response to the Reformation, the Catholic Church underwent internal reforms.

As a result, new orders within the Catholic church were created. This was known as the Catholic Reformation.

Ignatious of Loyola founded the Jesuit order. 3 goals- Creation of schools, conversion to

Christianity, and stopping Protestantism.

The Reformation

The Reformation is significant as a stepping stone towards the Enlightenment in that it changed the most powerful entity in the world- The Catholic Church.

ABSOLUTISM

The power lost by the Church as a result of the Reformation, was quickly seized by those known as Absolute Monarchs.

An Absolute Monarch controls all government power, including the ability to make laws, enforce the law, and interpret and apply the law.

What is a potential problem with a monarch having absolute power?• In the United States, how are these responsibilities divided? • Why?

• Absolute Monarchs justified their rule by a the Divine Right Theory

• Idea that God created the monarchy and that the Monarch was God’s representative on Earth

Absolutism

Absolute Monarchs controlled everything from Religious to Social Gatherings.

As the Monarchies grew, so did the size of their courts and their newly created bureaucracies (non-elected government officials who make decisions based on the beliefs of the

monarch)

The most powerful of these Monarchs was Louis XIV of France. Absolute Monarchy might be best reflected in the excesses of Versailles. Pg. 141 in text Palace of Versailles

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

What was the Scientific Revolution? Fact based questioning of nature as taught by

the church. Made possible in light of the Church’s

weakened position after the Reformation. Scholars/scientists questioned accepted ideas

about nature, earth and the universe Old Science v. New Science

Old Science based on religion and observation NEW SCIENCE based on math, logic, reason,

and data Use of the Scientific Method (developed by

Francis Bacon).

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

Influences Renaissance

Education of the Classics Secularism- Free from Religious rule and influence Criticisms of the Catholic Church

Exploration Drive to better understand tides, weather, winds,

currents, Foreign technology-astrolabe

Scientific Revolution

New Discoveries Heliocentric Theory –sun-centered universe Advancements in Medicine—vaccinations Scientific Instruments

Microscope Telescope

Law of Gravity• Made possible by peoples willingness to question

and change the status quo of beliefs.

- inspired by the questioning of Status Quo in both the Renaissance and the Reformation.

The Enlightenment

The Renaissance, Reformation, and the Scientific Revolution were all important steps in inspiring the Enlightenment thinkers to challenge and change the prevailing thoughts on government and society.

Enlightenment

Enlightenment Overview People try to apply the scientific approach to all

aspects of society Political scientists propose new ideas about

government Philosophers advocate the use of reason to discover

truths Address social issues through reason

Enlightenment

Causes Ideals of the Renaissance

Individualism, secularism, rebirth of classical teachings

Scientific Revolution Logic, reason, mathematics New way of thinking based on willingness to

question assumptions Absolutism

Reaction to government of total control Questioning of Theory of Divine Right

Characteristics of Enlightened Thought

Ideas incorporating the themes listed below were heavily discussed during this era

REASON-justification HAPPINESS-What makes people happy? LIBERTY-freedoms PROGRESS-tolerance, diversity, science NATURE- outside (plants, earth, universe,

etc) and inside (emotion, human interactions, etc)

Thomas Hobbes

Believed that people were born selfish and societies needed government to protect themselves from their own selfishness

All political power should be representative of the people

Without Government….“Life is nasty, brutish, and short.”

Jean –Jacques Rousseau

Believed in the freedom of the individual

Only good government was one formed freely by the people

The Social Contract: people agree to create a gov and society that favors the common good

“Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains.”

Montesquieu Praised the British System of

Government featuring a limited Monarch.

He is famous for his articulation of the theory of separation of powers in government; executive, legislative and judicial branches along with Checks and Balances.

His ideas had the greatest impact on the shaping of the U.S. government and its Constitution.

“Liberty is the right of doing whatever

the laws permit.”

John Locke

Believed that the ultimate purpose of government was to protect it’s people’s natural rights- life, liberty and property.

If a government fails to do so, than the people have the right to overthrow the government.

Arguments concerning liberty and the social contract later influenced the written works of Thomas Jefferson, and other Founding Fathers of the United States.

Two Treatises of Government had a profound influence on the writing of the Declaration of Independence and Constitution"Wherever Law ends, Tyranny begins."

Voltaire His intelligence, wit and style made him one of France’s

greatest writers and philosophers He was attracted to the philosophy of John Locke and

ideas of Sir Isaac Newton In favor of RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE and interested in

the study of the natural sciences Strong advocate against censorship and for the freedom

of speech. His writings heavily influenced the First Amendment of

the United States.

Adam Smith

“Consumption is the sole end and purpose of all production; and the interest of the producer ought to be attended to, only so far as it may be necessary for promoting that of the consumer.”

A Physiocrat- Applied Enlightenment thought to Economics. Scottish philosopher and physiocrat famous for his book,

“The Wealth of Nations” written in 1776 Father of modern capitalism and influential in the

formulation of laissez faire (hands off) economics and American Capitalism

The Backpack!

Backpack Check-

1. Grasp of World Geography - X

2. Understanding of World Religions- X

3. Renaissance X

4. Reformation X

5. Scientific Revolution X

6. Absolute Monarchy X

7. The Englightenment X