Modern Trends in Telecommunication and Information Super Highway Prof. Dr. Tariq J. S. Khanzada...

Modern Trends in Telecommunication and Information Super Highway

Prof. Dr. Tariq J. S. Khanzada

[email protected]

Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro

Institute of Information & Communication Technology

1

Lectures 1-2

Review of History and Modern Trends

mailto:[email protected]

2

Modern Trends

Telecommunication

Information Super Highway

Source: http://4youtechnology.com/50-information-technology-it-trends-to-watch/

Introduction

3Source : www.wikipedia.com

Information Trends History Timeline

1961 – First packet-switching papers1966 – Merit Network founded1966 – ARPANET planning starts1969 – ARPANET carries its first packets1970 – Mark I network at NPL (UK)1970 – Network Information Center (NIC)1971 – Merit Network's packet-switched network operational1971 – Tymnet packet-switched network1972 – Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) established1973 – CYCLADES network demonstrated1974 – Telenet packet-switched network1976 – X.25 protocol approved1978 – Minitel introduced1979 – Internet Activities Board (IAB)1980 – USENET news using UUCP1980 – Ethernet standard introduced1981 – BITNET established

Early research and development:

http://www.wikipedia.com/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet-switching

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merit_Network

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARPANET

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Davies

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Physical_Laboratory_%28United_Kingdom%29

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterNIC#History

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merit_Network

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet-switched_network

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tymnet

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Assigned_Numbers_Authority

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CYCLADES

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenet

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X.25

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minitel

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Activities_Board

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USENET

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UUCP

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BITNET


The Minitel was a Videotex online service accessible through telephone lines, and is considered one of the world's most successful pre-World Wide Web online services.


Packet switching is a digital networking communications method that groups all transmitted data – regardless of content, type, or structure – into suitably sized blocks, called packets.


Merit Network, Inc., is a nonprofit member-governed organization providing high-performance computer networking and related services to educational, government, health care, and nonprofit organizations, primarily in Michigan.[1] Created in 1966, Merit operates the longest running regional computer network in the United States.


The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) was one of the world's first operational packet switching networks, the first network to implement TCP/IP, and the progenitor of what was to become the global Internet.


Merit Network, Inc., is a nonprofit member-governed organization providing high-performance computer networking and related services to educational, government, health care, and nonprofit organizations, primarily in Michigan.[1] Created in 1966, Merit operates the longest running regional computer network in the United States.


The Network Information Center (NIC), also known as InterNIC from 1993 until 1998, was the internet governing body primarily responsible for domain name allocations and X.500 directory services.


Tymnet was an international data communications network headquartered in Cupertino, California that used virtual call packet switched technology and X.25, SNA/SDLC, ASCII and BSC interfaces to connect host computers (servers) at thousands of large companies, educational institutions, and government agencies.


The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is presently a department of ICANN, a nonprofit private American corporation, which oversees global IP address allocation, autonomous system number allocation, root zone management in the Domain Name System (DNS), media types, and other Internet Protocol-related symbols and numbers.


Donald Watts Davies, CBE, FRS[1] (7 June 1924 – 28 May 2000) was a Welsh computer scientist who was one of the two independent inventors of packet switched computer networking,[2] and originator of the term,[3] and the Internet itself can be traced directly back to his work.


The National Physical Laboratory (NPL) is the national measurement standards laboratory for the United Kingdom, based at Bushy Park in Teddington, London, England. It is the largest applied physics organisation in the UK.


The CYCLADES packet switching network (French pronunciation: [siklad]) was a French research network created in the early 1970s. It was developed to explore alternatives to the ARPANET design and to support network research generally. It was extremely influential on the Internet's initial design.


Telenet was an American commercial packet switched network which went into service in 1974.[1] It was the first packet-switched network service that was available to the general public.[2] Various commercial and government interests paid monthly fees for dedicated lines connecting their computers and local networks to this backbone network. Free public dialup access to Telenet, for those who wished to access these systems, was provided in hundreds of cities throughout the United States.


X.25 is an ITU-T standard protocol suite for packet switched wide area network (WAN) communication. An X.25 WAN consists of packet-switching exchange (PSE) nodes as the networking hardware, and leased lines, plain old telephone service connections or ISDN connections as physical links.


The Internet Architecture Board (IAB) is the committee charged with oversight of the technical and engineering development of the Internet by the Internet Society (ISOC).


Usenet is a worldwide distributed Internet discussion system. It was developed from the general purpose UUCP dial-up network architecture. Duke University graduate students Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis conceived the idea in 1979 and it was established in 1980


UUCP is an abbreviation of Unix-to-Unix Copy.[1] The term generally refers to a suite of computer programs and protocols allowing remote execution of commands and transfer of files, email and netnews between computers.


Ethernet /ˈiːθərnɛt/ is a family of computer networking technologies for local area networks (LANs). Ethernet was commercially introduced in 1980 and standardized in 1985 as IEEE 802.3. Ethernet has largely replaced competing wired LAN technologies.


BITNET was a cooperative USA university computer network founded in 1981 by Ira Fuchs at the City University of New York (CUNY) and Greydon Freeman at Yale University.[1] The first network link was between CUNY and Yale.

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Merging the networks and creating the Internet:



The Computer Science Network (CSNET) was a computer network that began operation in 1981 in the United States.[1] Its purpose was to extend networking benefits, for computer science departments at academic and research institutions that could not be directly connected to ARPANET, due to funding or authorization limitations.


The Internet protocol suite is the networking model and a set of communications protocols used for the Internet and similar networks. It is commonly known as TCP/IP, because its most important protocols, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP) were the first networking protocols defined in this standard. It is occasionally known as the DoD model, because the development of the networking model was funded by DARPA, an agency of the United States Department of Defense.


Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is an Internet standard for electronic mail (e-mail) transmission across Internet Protocol (IP) networks. SMTP was first defined by RFC 821 (1982, eventually declared STD 10),[1] and last updated by RFC 5321 (2008)[2] which includes the Extended SMTP (ESMTP) additions, and is the protocol in widespread use today.


The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical distributed naming system for computers, services, or any resource connected to the Internet or a private network.


In computer networking, MILNET (Military Network) was the name given to the part of the ARPANET internetwork designated for unclassified United States Department of Defense traffic.


The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) was one of the world's first operational packet switching networks, the first network to implement TCP/IP, and the progenitor of what was to become the global Internet.


A domain name is an identification string that defines a realm of administrative autonomy, authority, or control on the Internet.


The National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET) was a program of coordinated, evolving projects sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) beginning in 1985 to promote advanced research and education networking in the United States.


The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) develops and promotes Internet standards, cooperating closely with the W3C and ISO/IEC standards bodies and dealing in particular with standards of the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP)


UUNET, founded in 1987, was one of the largest Internet service providers and one of the early Tier 1 networks. It was based in Northern Virginia and was one of the first commercial Internet service providers. Today, UUNET is an internal brand of Verizon Business (formerly MCI).


The Morris worm or Internet worm of November 2, 1988 was one of the first computer worms distributed via the Internet. It is considered the first worm and was certainly the first to gain significant mainstream media attention. It also resulted in the first conviction in the US under the 1986 Computer Fraud and Abuse Act.[1] It was written by a student at Cornell University, Robert Tappan Morris, and launched on November 2, 1988 from MIT.


Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is a standardized exterior gateway protocol designed to exchange routing and reachability information between autonomous systems (AS)[


PSINet, based in Northern Virginia, was one of the first commercial Internet service providers (ISPs) and was involved in the commercialization of the Internet until the company's bankruptcy in 2001 during the dot-com bubble and acquisition by Cogent Communications in 2002.


Federal Internet Exchange (FIX) points were policy based network peering points where U.S. federal agency networks, such as the National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET), NASA Science Network (NSN), Energy Sciences Network (ESnet), and MILNET were interconnected.


The Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile (GOSIP) was a specification that profiles open networking products for procurement by governments in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

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1995 – New Internet architecture with commercial ISPs connected at NAPs1995 – NSFNET decommissioned1995 – GOSIP updated to allow TCP/IP1995 – very high-speed Backbone Network Service (vBNS)1995 – IPv6 proposed1998 – Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)1999 – IEEE 802.11b wireless networking1999 – Internet2/Abilene Network1999 – vBNS+ allows broader access2000 – Dot-com bubble bursts2001 – New top-level domain names activated2001 – Code Red I, Code Red II, and Nimda worms2003 – UN World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) phase I2003 – National LambdaRail founded2004 – UN Working Group on Internet Governance (WGIG)2005 – UN WSIS phase II2006 – First meeting of the Internet Governance Forum2010 – First internationalized country code top-level domains registered2012 – ICANN begins accepting applications for new generic top-level domain names

Commercialization, privatization, broader access leads to the modern Internet:


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISP

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Access_Point

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSFNET

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GOSIP

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VBNS

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Corporation_for_Assigned_Names_and_Numbers

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet2

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abilene_Network

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VBNS

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dot-com_bubble

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top-level_domain#Proposed_domains

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_Red_worm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_Red_II

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimda

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Summit_on_the_Information_Society

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_LambdaRail

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_Group_on_Internet_Governance

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Governance_Forum

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top-level_domain#Internationalized_country_code_TLDs

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic_top-level_domain#New_top-level_domains


Donald Watts Davies, CBE, FRS[1] (7 June 1924 – 28 May 2000) was a Welsh computer scientist who was one of the two independent inventors of packet switched computer networking,[2] and originator of the term,[3] and the Internet itself can be traced directly back to his work.

6

Examples of popular Internet services:



Spotify is a commercial music streaming service providing Digital Rights Management-protected


Kickstarter is an American-based private for-profit company founded in 2009 that provides tools to raise funds for creative projects via crowd funding through its website


The threshold pledge or fund and release system is a way of making a fundraising pledge as a group of individuals, often involving charitable goals or financing the provision of a public good.


Napster is a name given to two music-focused online services


Reddit /ˈrɛdɪt/,[3] stylized as reddit,[4] is a social news and entertainment website where registered users submit content in the form of either a link or a text ("self") post. Other users then vote the submission "up" or "down", which is used to rank the post and determine its position on the site's pages and front page. Content entries are organized by areas of interest called "subreddits".


Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) is a central part of Amazon.com's cloud computing platform, Amazon Web Services (AWS). EC2 allows users to rent virtual computers on which to run their own computer applications.

7 Source: http://www.itu.int International Telecommunications Union

Internet Users in 2012as a percentage of a country's population

http://www.itu.int/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Telecommunications_Union


Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions in 2012 as a percentage of a country's population

http://www.itu.int/



Mobile broadband Internet subscriptions in 2012 as a percentage of a country's population

http://www.itu.int/


10 Source: http://www.isc.org/ Internet Systems Consortium

Number of Internet hosts worldwide: 1981–2012 as a percentage of a country's population

http://www.isc.org/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Systems_Consortium

2013 Web Content Management Trends: The Post PC World

11Source: http://www.netswitch.net/ Posted on 12/13/2012 by Steve King

Web CMS Vendors

http://www.netswitch.net/

http://www.netswitch.net/2013-web-content-management-trends-the-post-pc-world-is-here/

http://www.netswitch.net/author/steveking/

Online Publishing Will Continue to Transform Us All into Media and E-commerce Companies

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2013 Web Content Management Trends

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Online The Diverse Needs of Business Users Will Drive Improved Usability and Functionality


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The Mobile Web Is Taking the Web CMS World


Source: http://www.netswitch.net/ Posted on 12/13/2012 by Steve King

http://www.netswitch.net/

http://www.netswitch.net/2013-web-content-management-trends-the-post-pc-world-is-here/

http://www.netswitch.net/author/steveking/

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Social and Contextual Analytics Will Be Crucial to Online Success


16for management vendors and their customers

Exciting and game-changing year for Web content


17Source: http://techwhirl.com by Connie Giordano on January 2, 2013

2013 Technical Communication Trends

Excellent User Experience

Managing Mobile

Responsive Design

Technical Communication as a Brand Asset

Global to Local to Global

3D Printing

Gesture Control systems

Neural interfaces

Predictive and Sentiment Analytics

Semantic analytics

http://techwhirl.com/

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Source: http://www.uberflip.com/features by Jose Antonio Sanchez on December 18, 2012(1) http://services.google.com/fh/files/misc/multi-screen_infographic.pdf

2013 Responsiveness: Marketing Trends

19Source : https://www.prsa-ncc.org by Lauren Lawson-Zilai March 5, 2013

2013 Review of Communication Trends in Social Media

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Worldwide Mobile PC Shipment Forecast

(Source: DisplaySearch.com)

Modern Trends in Telecommunication and Information Super Highway Prof. Dr. Tariq J. S. Khanzada...

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