Modern Review. Crystal Palace Joseph Paxton Great Exhibition of 1851 Industrial Revolution –Cast...
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Transcript of Modern Review. Crystal Palace Joseph Paxton Great Exhibition of 1851 Industrial Revolution –Cast...
• Crystal Palace
• Joseph Paxton
• Great Exhibition of 1851
• Industrial Revolution– Cast iron
skeleton – Glass walls– Prefabrication
A Sunday on La Grande Jatte
• Seurat• Pointillism
or Divisionism
• Optical Mixing
• Middle Class people/life
• Gaugin
• Flat planes of color
• Colors can represent ideas/emotions (ex. Red as struggle…)
• Left his kids & wife and moved around (including to TAHITI)
• Van Gogh
• Color=
emotion
(ex. Yellow = friendship & hope)
• Swirling brushstrokes
• 10 year career
• Cezanne• Underlying
structure• Multiple
viewpoints• Still lifes• Mount
Saint Victoire
• Color patches
Symbolism• Don’t imitate nature – create
free INTERPRETATIONS of it
• Inner Vision
• Fantasy world
• Technique individual to each artist
• Carpeaux
(1827-1875)
• Count Ugolino and His Children
• More polished (like Neo-Classical)
• Vivid reality
• Rodin(1840-1917)• Walking Man• “unfinished” style (like impressionists!)
- roughly textured surface
• Inner feeling expressed through the body
• The Thinker, The Kiss, The Burghers of Calais, Balzac
• Louis Sullivan• “Father of the
Prairie School Movement”
• Form follows function
• Birth of Modern Architecture
• Richard Morris Hunt
• Served the aristocracy
• Renaissance & Baroque influences
• The Breakers – for Cornelius Vanderbilt II (railroad king)– Looks like a 16th
century palazzo
• Frank Lloyd Wright
• Falling Water
• Bear Run, PA • 1934-37• Blend in with
the natural site• Contrast in
textures• CANTILEVER
construction
Antonio Gaudi – Casa Mila - 1905
Picasso’s Guernica (1937)• Event from Spanish Civil War in which Fascists
bombed innocent civilians• Outraged Picasso painted it for Spanish section
of Paris International Exposition of 1937
• Precisionism• 1915-1930• Simplified
Forms• Border
between representation & abstraction
• Charles Sheeler
• River Rouge Plant
YOU’RE INVITED!
WHAT: The Armory Show
WHO: Impressionists, Post-Impressionists, Fauves, Cubists
WHEN: Feb. 1913
WHERE: National Guard Armory, Lexington Street, New York City
• Expressionism
• The Bridge – Die Brucke (1905-1913)
• Large & simple forms
• Clear (often jarring) colors
• Brutal angularity
• Ernst Ludwig KIRCHNER
• Street, Dresden
• The Blue Rider – Der Blaue Reiter
• 1911-1914• Colors are
less jarring than The Bridge
• Spirituality• Reaction
against society
• Franz Marc• Fate of the
Animals
• Dadaism• Protested the
madness of WWI
• “Everything that comes into being is art.”
• Jean Arp• Collage
Arranged According to the Laws of Chance
• 1916-17
• Postwar German Expressionism
• Max Beckmann (1884-1950)
• Disillusioned by war - Wanted his paintings to “reproach God for his errors”
• Night
Surrealism• Blurs real world with fantasy
• Biomorphic = largley abstract (Miro)
• Naturalistic = recognizable scenes that metamorph. Into a dream or nightmare image (Dali, Magritte)
• Mondrian
• Composition in Red, Blue, and Yellow
• De Stijl– created works that
did not show recognizable images or infer depth
– Achieve “honesty” in artwork
• International Style– Transcended
national boundaries
– Absence of exterior decoration
• Rietveld – the Schroeder House
• 1923-24
• De Stijl
• Walter Gropius – Beginning of International Style• The Shop Block• Bauhaus Dessau - • Bauhaus School of Design
– Founded 1919– Architecture should avoid all romantic embellishments
Villa Savoy
Designed by Le Corbusier
InternationalStyle
“The house is a machine for living.” – Le Corbusier
Notre Dame du Haut (1950-1955)
Le Corbusier
This is a church.
Abandoned International Style
Replaced a French pilgrimage church destroyed in WWII
More organic – resembles folded hands or a dove
• Organic Sculpture
• Henry Moore
• Reclining Figure 1939
• Use of negative space – holes going through solids – also known as “voids”
Abstract Expressionism• Late 1940s, Early 1950s
• New York City now center of avant-garde art
• “Action Painting”
• No reference to visual reality
• Image result of the creative process
• Gestural Abstraction (Pollock)
• Chromatic Abstraction (Rothko)
• Arshile Gorky
• Water of the Flowery Mill
• Armenian
• Biomorphic shapes (Miro)
• Glowing colors (Kandinsky)
• Impassioned act of painting
• Jackson Pollock
• Lavender Mist, 1950 (Number 1, 1950)
• Gestural Abstraction
• No foreground, no background, no depth
• Chromatic Abstraction
• Color Field
• Interest in the relation between one color and another
• Mark Rothko
• No. 14, 1960
• Hard Edge– Do NOT
convey feeling of passion
– Precise and cool
• Josef Albers
• Homage to the Square “Ascending”
Pop Art• Early 1960s
• United States (leaders)
• Images drawn from popular culture
• Average person can understand it
• Richard Hamilton
• “Father of British Pop Art”
• Just What is it That Makes Today’s Homes so Different, so Appealing?
• Collage
• 1956
Minimalism• United States - 1960s & 70s• Get rid of things people
USED to think were ESSENTIAL to art
• Extreme simplicity, typically large, geometric shapes
Robert Smithson, Spiral Jetty• Earth Art or Environmental Art (1960s-1970s)
• Site-specific – its design reflects the surroundings, it has its meaning in its location
• Art does not have to be in a museum
Nancy Holt’s Sun Tunnels (large concrete pipes with holes)
• 1970s environmentalism
• Site-specific
• Has a dialogue with the surrounding
• Like a modern Stonehenge
Christo and Jeanne-Claude
• Site-specific art
• Wrapping projects
• Last project – The Gates in Central Park (2004)
Postmodern Architecture
•Varied
•Interesting
•Complex
•EclecticThe AT&T Building Philip Johnson (1984)