~D'l.Odern. MARCH, 1965- SOc

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Oregon, 42. MG 5000th subscription sent in by Barry Headrick, Arizona; 5500th by Bob Rector , Kansas; 6000th by Ernest Furblur, New York; 6500th by Robert Manning, Kansas and the 7000th by Michael Hoskovec, Nebraska. MG Booster d ri ve subscription awards will be made at the end of June. Special bound editions of The Modern Gymnast will go to the Coach and the Gymnast who have sent in the most new subscriptions by that time. A bound Volume 6 will be sent to eoch who have sent in the sub­scripti on which put us over each thousand mark. A Booster award will go to those who have 'gone over the 500 mork eoch time. The Coach or Gymnast' who sends in the 10,OOOth sub be­f ore the end of June w ill receive a complete set o f bound editions. To all those who have sent in fi ve o r more subscriptions we w ill send a special MG pin.

MG SUBSCRIPTION BOOSTERS Chic Johnson, Californio J. Douglas Alt, Massachusetts Dick Smith. Oreaon Gilles A ubry, Conada Jerrold Klingbeil, illinOIS A lon W m . Weigh, Illino is Ron Wa lden , Illinois Irwi n " Diz ll Davidson, New York

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STATE Californio New York Illinois Pennsy lvan ia Massachusetts New Jersey Ohio W isconsin Arizona Colorodo Michigan Washington Texas Maryland Minnesota Missouri Indiana Oregon Connecticut Fl o rida Kansas Iowa V irginia Georgia New Mexico Nebroska A labama Tennessee Oklahoma Utah South Da kota Delaware Woshington D.C. Louisiana West Virginia Maine Nevada Hawaii North Carolina North Dakota Montana Wyoming Rhode Island Kentucky Idaho Sou th Carolina Verm ont New Hampshire Puerto Rico Alaska Arkansas M iss issippi Virgin Islands

USA TOTAL

Sept. '64 768 452 442 353 193 185 184 161 157 145 130 103 98 91 91 86 85 84 71 59 50 49 45 39 38 36 30 28 27 20 19 18 18 17 16 15 15 14 13 8 8 8 8 7 6 5 5 5 4 2 2 2 o

4431

98 57 21 ':in i9 18 16 16 13 13 11 11 10 10 10 8 7 6

March '65 1518

658 826 461 266 228 213 162 198 263 170 160 107 140 124 104 150 190

88 99

123 66 49 57 67 94 32 55 30 40 19 36 19 39 28

8 49 18 17 14 29 11 14 13

6 6 8 8 2 6 6 1 1

7067

" ;<r. "

NOTES FROM THE '~EDI~OR

COVER: Pictured on the cover of this edition is a photo taken by your editor of the Swiss Gymnastic exhibition under the direction of Joseph Stadler at the 3rd Gymnaestrada. This was just one of the many events in the 5 day festival held in Stuttgart, Germany in 1961.

* * * The 4th GYM JAESTRADA will. be held in Vienna, Austria from July 20 to 24th ... We have been getting regular press releases from Vienna concerning this great International event. From these communications we have learned that the Japanese Olympic team will be there in full ... Many from the Russian team, Caslanka from Czechoslovakia, Cerar from Yugoslavia and many other top gymnasts from all over the world will take part in the demonstrations and exhibitions ... 700 from Nor­way, 800 from Finland, by land, sea 'and air they will come .. . 500 are coming on a boat down the Danube from Czechoslovakia (they will live and eat on the boat ) Mexico will send a delegation and New Zealand is sending a group to perform. There will be over 300 different demon­strations during the five day event, with thousands on the stadium field doing mass calisthenics at one time. Your Editor will also tty to be on hand to bring you a first hand report in photos and type of this Inter· national Physical Education event. (We hope many of our readers will also be able to attend).

* * * * * * THIS EDITIO J: More on the Olympics, Means-Modes-Medians, statis­tics by Dick Criley Men's routines of the top finalists ... 8 pages of sequence photos of Gold Medal winners, Endo· and Caslavska. Plus "Rope Belongs" a controversial report by world record holder Paul Davis. (In your Editor's opinion .. . Rope belongs, but it belongs in Track and Field ) .. . Also with this edition we begin a series on Judg­ing as a regular feature of the M.G. edited by Roy Davis .. . Do you have judging problems, ideas critisms or suggestions? Then Roy wants to know about it to put all these findings together for better understand­ing and judging.

* * '* * * * NEXT EDITION: More Olympic sequence photo routines . . . More statistics by Criley . . . Part II of Larry Banner's Olympic Report . . . Report on the AAHPER Convention in Dallas . . . Plus competition re­sults and Instructional helps .

* * * * * * SUBSCRIPTIONS: As shown by our subscription barometer the M.G. following is growing . . . but we need your help to get to that 10,000 goal by June ... So if you haven't sent in at least one new subscrip­tion ... do it NOW! !! Take a look at your State's subscription list . .. has it doubled with your help or ??? California with 750 new subscrib­ers has almost doubled as has Illinois (outnumbering New York for the first time ) with close to 400 new subscribers. . . . Kansas with 73 new subs more than doubled, Nebra~ka almost tripled as they jumped from 36 to 94, tah doubled with 20, Indiana with 106 new MG boosters more than doubled, Louisiana went over 100% , Nevada tripled, and Mon­tana rose almost fourfold. Alaska and Arkansas with 4 new subscribers each gained 200% and we are sorry to report we did not reach Maine or Mississippi who dropped 50% . We realize we are asking much of you to go out of your way to help the M.G. reach a goal of 10,000 subscribers and that you have already shown good faith by your own personal subscription . . . You could rightly say this should be done by our subscription department, and you are right . . . the problem is a subscription dept. takes personnel and money and at this point we are short on both .. . Our Special Olym­pic edition cost almost double to publish, but there was no extra charge to subscribers, we have put the last 4 issues in envelopes to insure they arrive in your hands in good condition, we have used full color center spreads to brighten the M.G. for your enjoyment. We are doing all we can to make the magazine better for you our readers ... So if you like what we are doing and want even more improvement . . . then join our subscription staff ... as many already have and get at least one or more new subscriber (s) for the M.G. from your area ... Be an M.G. sub· scription Booster Now!!! !

VOLUME VII MARCH, 1965 NUMBER 3 CONTENTS

NOTES FROM THE EDITOR ____ GLENN SUNDBY 5 CHALK TALK __________ __ ________ ___ __________ _________ ____ . ____ . 6 OLYMPIC SYSTEM TO INTERCOLLEGIATE ___ _

Carl Patterson 7 IS IT POSSIBLE? ______ ______ ________ Robert Freeman 7 B-OP.E BELONGS ____ • __ ______ ______ ______ ___ Paul Davis 8 RESEARCH AND FITNESS ________ James S. Bosco 9 USGF DIRECTOR'S REPORT ________ Frank Bare 10 J·UDGING COMMENTS _____ _____ ______________ _________ _____ 12 GYMNASTICS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION ___ _

A. B. Frederick 14 MEANS-MODES-MEDIANS ________ ____ __ Dick Criley 16 OLYMPIC WINNING ROUTINES _________ 18 OLYMPIC FINALS SEQUENCE

PHOTO ROUTINES ____ ___________________ ____ __ _______ 19 ENDO'S OLYMPIC P. BAR ROUTINE _____ _______ ____ 20 CASLAVASKA'S UNEVEN P. BAR ROUTINE ____ 24 CARBON COpy ______ _______________ ____ ___ Herb Vogel 28 HELPFUL HINTS _______ _______ ______ ________ J im Farkas 30 QUESTIONS AND POINTERS _____ Art Shurlock 31 TRAMPOLINING ________ ___ ____________ _ Jess Robinson 32 NOTES FROM A NEUROTIC JUDGE ________ ___ ___ _ _

Roy Davis 34 WHAT'S THE SCORE? ______________ _ .Jerry Wright 36 LETTERS ____ _______ ______ ____________________ ___ ______ ____ ______ ___ __ 37

MAX J. RUDERIAN __________ Publisher

GLENN SUNDBY .. _ ....... _ .. __ .. _Editor

A. BRUCE FREDERICK ____ Education Editor

DR. JAMES S. BOSCO ______ Research Editor

THE MODERN GYMNAST is published by Ameri­can Physical Fitness Research Institute, Inc., 410 Broadway, Santa Monica, California. Second class postalle paid at Santa Monica, Calif. Pub­I ished monthly except June, August and October which are combined w ith the previous month's issue. Price $4.50 per year, SOc single copy. Subscription correspondence, THE MODERN GYMNAST, P. O. Box 611 , Santa Monica, Cali­fornia . Copyright 1965 © all rights reserved by AMERICAN PH'YSICAL FITNESS RESEARCH IN­STITUTE, INC. , 410 Broadway, Santa Manica, California . All pictures and manuscripts sub­mitted become the property of THE MODERN GYMNAST unless a return request and suffi­cient postage are included.

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CONGRATULATIONS JOE Ex ·Gymnast from T emple University. Dr.

J oseph C. Schabacker h as been named Vice P resident at Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.

The list of Joe's academic accomplish· menl s are too long to list here in the pages of the M.e . ... however J oe has always found time fo r gymnastics , . . judging, organizing, Clinic director, taking pal1 in exhibitions. etc. (see page 23 Feb. '65 M.G.)

... CongratulatiOlls_ tt} yo u Joe on this well deserved step up in administration. fro r-. your many gymnastic friends thr()',~hout the USA.

WORLD'S FAIR The Famous Springfi eld College Exhibi·

tion Gymnastic Team will be performing at Ihe World 's Fair in New York at the end of their tour season on May 14th. If you are in t he Arpa or at the fair try and be there a t the ri ght time to see this Wonder· ful Exhibition by the Springfield Team.

OLYMPIC SOUVENIR While visitin g Coach Chet Phillips at

Annapolis Academy recently, we took a snap of Chet and his able assistant, Tom Darlin g with th e placque on the entran ce wall of the gy lll. This placque contains the Rings and a porti on of the Rope used in the 1932 Ol ymp ic games. (Chet and his wife were on the '36 Olympi c team.)

NORTH vs. SOUTH The North vs. South All·Star .. . girls

gymnastics championship ... a "FIRST IN THE U.s.A ."

April 10, 1965 . . . at the Lakewood High School gym nasium, Long Beach, Cal. 7 :30 p.m. Adults 81.00 and Children (12 and under ) .SOc.

The nation's leading girl gymnasts in a dual co mpeti tion ,vhich brings toge ther for the first tillie all the U.S.A.'s top per· formers in a team event. The royal blue of the NORTH team against the rocket red of the SOUTH team in this first ann ual event should see one of the keenest 'Com' pel'itions ill the country un fo ld at 7 :30 p.m. at Lakewood Hi gh School, on A pril 10th.

Olympic team performers . . .national champions ... Regional and State cham · pions . . . and lates t group of youngs ters who threaten to make the 1968 Olympic Team .. . all together at one time.

ADAPTING THE OLYMPIC SYSTEM TO INTERCOLLEGIATE GYMNASTICS

by A. Carl Patterson Coach of Gymnastics

Temple University During the past year the National Col­

legiate Ath letic Association Gymnastic Rules Committee made great strides toward the improvement and standardiza tion of Inter­collegiate Gymnastics. The committee adopt­ed a set of r ules that was accepted by most of Major Gymnastic Colleges and Confer­ences in the nation. This was a grea t step forward because now it is possible to de­termine the National team champion by a dual match rather than a multi-team tour­nament. No longer will it be necessary for the champoinships to be a illarathon whic;' is boring to spectators and contestants alike.

The purpose of this paper is to present ideas for rule changes that make use of some of the advantages of the Olympic systeln to further increase the growth and development of the sport.

There should be two significant changes in the current rules. The fir st deals with the scoring system, the second is the num­ber of competitors in each ('ven t.

Under present rules, in dual matches, a team scores six points for first place, four points for second place, down to one point for fifth place. Gymnastics are judged ac­cardin " to the Federation of Interna tional Gymn:stics (F.I.G. ) code of points and rules for officiating. This is a system giving an exercise a numerical rating based upon a predetermined method of comparing that exercise against the req uirements of an ex­ercise that wi ll be ra ted a perfect ten (l0.0). Under current N.C.A.A. rules a gymnast wins first place and six team points for ge t­ting the highest score. It is relatively Ul?il~ ­pOl·tant how much he scores as long as It IS hi " her than his competitors. The really im­p;rtant thing is not what numerical rating he receives but that it is higher than all others. In as much as the F.I.G. rules are concerned primarily with giving an exercise a proper numerical rating and not placing him, placing should not determine team score. The rating he receives should be part of the team score which it is in the Olympic Games and International Matches. It was for these types of matches that the F.I.G. sys-tem was designed. .

Under present N.C.A .A. rules Team " A" might win first place in one event with a score of 9.6 while Team "B' 'win another with a rating of 7.9. Both teams are awarded six team points. Should the score be six to six or is the real score 9.6 to 7.9, Gymnas­tics is in the unique position of being able to use the Judges raw scores as the team score. Why don' t we make use of this ad­vanta"e This is not true in other sports. For e~a'mple, if a man High Jumps 6'7", an­other Broad Jumps 24'7" and a third runs a hundred yards in 10 seconds, there is no feasible way of combining these raw scores to make the team score. On the other hand gymnastic scores can be easily added as they always have been in the Olympic Games and International Nlatches. The N.C.A.A. rules should be changed so that the top three scores for each team in each event are added to determine team score instead of awarding team points by place.

Example: Side Horse

Team "A" T eam "B" 9.2 9.0 9.1 8.9 7.5 8.8

Event Total 25.8 Event Total 26.7

Under the present N.C.A.A. the event score shown by the above example would be ten points for Team "A" and six points for Team " B" . Which is the true example of the score and team strength ? What does the score 10-6 indica te? It only shows that Team "A" was four points better than Team " B" on the Side Horse. The proposed, or Olym pic, scoring system tells that \~a~l " B" received a higher total than Team A , it tells that Team " B" scored 26.7 points and T eam "A" 25.7 points out of a poss ible thirty and that based on the F.l.G. rules, of points Team "A" had an average of 8.6 and Team "B" average 8.9. If all meets are properly judged according to F.I.G. rules, an average of 8.9 on the West Coast will be comparable to the same average anywhere. What does it mean under present N.C.A .A. rules to a person in Illinois, if Team "A" defeats Team " Boo on the Side Horse in a match in California? All of the event scores sho uld be added together to arrive at the total team score.

Example: Team "A" Team " Boo

26.1 Floor Exercise 25 .8 25.8 Side Horse 26.7 24.2 Trampoline 25.1 26.5 Horizon tal Bar 26.1 27.8 Long Horse 27.9 26.2 Parallel Bars 26.5 25.3 Still Rings 26.0

Total Score 181.9 184.1 You can tell immediately from looking at

the scores the strength of each team . By usin" simple arithmetic you know that a team'" that scores between 126 anel 147 has an avera "e between a six and a seven and that a te"'am that scores over 189 points has an average over nine. In the example Team "A" has an average of 8.6 + and Team "B"'s average is 8.7+. You will be able to determine approximate team strength by lookin" at the total score. If a team in the East s~ores 182 points and another in the West scores 182 pain ts you will know these two teams should be evenly matched. What can you tell from a score under present N.C.A.A. rules?

This proposed system of scoring has other significant advantages. Two or three men cannot win a team match. It takes a total team effort because the weaker men on the team are as important as the top men. It makes for better team spirit and cooperation because everyone works to raise the per­formance level of the weaker members of the team.

The second Important change lI1 the N.C.A.A. rules is concerned with the num­ber of competi tors in an event. There should be four men from each team in an event in­stead of three. One entry should be per­mitted to enter an unlimited number of even ts. This would encourage the all·around man without hurting the specialist. Under present N.C.A.A. rules, if a man is entered in the all-around event, it is sometimes nec­essary to let a better performer in an in ­dividual event sit on the bench. If there are three 9+ Side Horse performers on a team and the all-around man can only score 8.5 in this event , it is necessary to sacrifice one of these men in order to have an all-around man. This does not seem fair to either the gymnast or the coach. Gymnastics is a grow­ing sport. Each year more students come to Colle"e with an interest in gymnas tics. The four"'man system helps to meet this need by giv ing more persons an opportunity to participate. Under this system a full team

is eight or more members. Under present N.C.A.A. rules two all-around men cou ld win the team titl e. The fourth man is nec­essary in order for the scorin g system to work. The top three scores from each team are added together and the fourth score dropped. The fourth man acts as a buffer so that a poor performance by one gymnast will not ruin the chan ces for the team. This is also borrowed from the Olympic system. In the Olympic games six men compete but only the top five scores are added to deter­mine the team total.

In conclusion the two sugges ted rul e changes are:

1. In dual matches the three highest in­dividual scores for each team will be added for each event. The total of the even t scores is the total team score. The team with the higher total score is the winner of the match.

2. In dual matches each team can enter three or four men in each event. Each team may en ter one man in an unlim­ited number of even ts, the remaining members of the team are limit ed to three events.

IS IT POSSI BLE FOR THE U.S . GYMNASTIC

PROGRAM TO TAKE A LESSON FROM THE U.S. SWIMMING

PROGRAMS? by Robert W. Freeman

Morristown, New J ersey, YMCA Sixteen out of 22 Gold Medals for United

States Swimmers in the recent Olympic Games is a rather impressive accompli sh­ment for our swimming programs. Such was not always the case with the American Olym­pic Swimming Teams. In 1956 the U.S. Swimmers lone Gold Medal Winner was an unusually dedicated Springfield College student by the name of Bill Y orzyk. His coach, professor Charles E. Silvia, insisted that Bill observe certain basic mechanical and physiological and psychological prin­ciples in regards to his swimming. Yorzyk's success in Melborne resulted in other sw im­ming coaches taking these principles into considera tion. The U.S. sw imming peo ple were now underway with ingredient number one KNOWLEDGE of their sport. Ingre­dient number two was the tremendous growth of the AGE GROUP swimming program across the nation. Some people claim that there are over 300,000 age group swimmers in the coun try today.

Where do we stand in Gymnastics today. Do we have a Charles Silvia or Dr. Jim Councilman? Definitely yes, people like Jack Beckner, Jim Farkas, Abe Grossfield, Tom Maloney, Bill I\'l eade, Don Tonry to mention a few. For the women there is Marta Nagy. For some reason she is suc­cessfully tucl<ed away in New York City. The powers that be res ist her, possibly be­cause of her KNOWLEDGE.

Ingredient number two, large AGE GROUP Program, which we do not have as yet. Why? In the opinion of this writer, because we lack the following:

1. Leadership- people who have a know­ledge of the sport like the 1000's of volunteer swimmin g coaches.

2. Judges-people who have a knowledge of evaluating a gymnastic performance.

3. Facilities- a fl oor, long horse, side

']

horse, parallel bars, horizontal bar, still rings, balance beam, mats and a r euter board.

The above are listed in order of impor­tance .. If we get the knowledgable leader­ship, the other two will result. Knowledge Thru Compulsory Exercises

Many people avoid entering or promoting Gymnastics because of its apparent com­plexity-there seems to be a lack of a simple consistant measuring devise for evaluating performance such as a stop watch. If we allow this concept to continue to discourage our potential age group gymnastic coaches we are displaying our lack of knowledge and initiative. We do have a phase of our sport which, used intelligently, provides an excellent introduction into the sport, not only for the coach and competitor, but also for the beginning judge. Compulsory exercises are that phase and below is what they can provide if put to use:

1. A set of routines for an interested, potential age group coach to teach his youngsters_

2. An early education and appreciation for the artistic phase of the sport. (When all the children are doing the same routine the winner is that child who executes it with the best form. It is important to mention at this point that the writer believes the day would come when compulsory exercises alone will not sufficiently challenge the young gymnast. Just as the better age group swimming programs have outgrown competition made up exclu­sively of sprint events (25 and 50 yard races) . Many young swimmers are now being challenged with greater distances 100, 220 and 440 yards and longer events. These longer events re­quire more knowledge and training. No longer does brute force alone win a swimming event, The Japanese use both compulsory and optional routines in their age group competitions. The Junior High age boy gymnast does a compulsory and optional on 3 events, Floor exercise, Horizontal Bar, and Long Horse vault­ing. The High School boys compete in all six international events both compul­sory and optional routines.

3. The beginning Gymnastic judge (judg­ing compulsory exercises) learns the relatively simple rules of judging the EXECUTION of a routine. He is not imnlediately overwhelmed by the other two phases of judging, (difficulty and combination) .

4. Teach a healthy regard for the impor-tance of compulsory exercises.

Such a program, as mentioned above, has already been put into practice in the Ohio West Virginia Area YMCA Junior Gym­nastic Competition with the following re­sults:

8

1. Increased number of competitors in the Junior age group Area Championship. (YMCA's who never before entered the gymnastic competition viewed the films, of the compulsory exercises trained some youngsters and entered the Area Championships.

2. Increased the number of participants in the All Around Event.

3. Recruited and trained a number of new gymnastic judges.

4_ Taught a basic routine to many boys who otherwise would never have had a start. This writer attended an invi­tation competition a few weeks follow­ing the Ohio West Virginia Area Jun­ior Gymnastic Championships, and found many of the same boys com pet-

ing but doing a "souped up" version of their Area Championship Compul­sory exercise.

In conclusion this writer would be happy to forward a copy of the above mentioned compulsories to those interested •• > Write to: Robert W. f ~eeman, -Morristown YMCA, Morristown, New Jersey.

ROPE BELONGS!!! by Paul Davis

Utterly ridiculous, it is, to eliminate rope climbing as a competiti ve sport. In fact, it should be the Number One national and Olympic activity. It was the first activity of man competing with nature to stay alive when he started on the road from anthro­poid to Homo sapien. He climbed down from the trees to make like a man, and then, when danger threa tened, scampered back up again on a hanging vine-or rope !

Before man learned to walk erect-he had to learn to climb. Before he could mIl on two feet, he had to be able to scamper up a rope. He had to climb a rope before using the javelin or shot put- before he could ride a horse, or swim, or play basket­ball. Before all he does now in the Olympics (or out of it ) he first had to use his arms for climbing.

In all seriousness, perhaps we had better step back to get a clearer look at where we are headed. Do we want a more com­plete, more diversified sports program for all to enjoy and test man's earthy skills or do we intend to continue to restrict events to those dictated to us by the fear of losing face in International competition?

No sport or event can boast of the recent improvements in technique and broken rec­ords as in Rope Climb. Yet with the glory of this year's gymnastic season about to burst, the event will be rarely seen.

The records may never again be chal­lenged for the Gymnastic Federatiton and the N.C.A.A. have illogically eliminated ali Rope Climb competition.

The Olympic Games included rope climb­ing as far bac.k as 1896. The last Olym pic climbers to display their climbing speed were in the 1932 Games. Raymond Bass of the U.S.A. climbed a 26 foot rope in thc then record-splitting time of 6.7 seconds.

In spite of the removal of Rope competi­tion after the 1932 Olympics, the thrill oi climbing remained with athletes and U.S. national records kept improving. In 1944, Steven Greene officially set a record time of 4.0 seconds for the 20 foot climb. Evi­dently, no one had yet broken into the 3-second bracket, for those were the days when climbers held their legs ex tended straight out in front of them in an " L" position. And then it happened.

Suddenly, in 1947, styles of climbing radio cally changed, and so did the record book. Garvin Smith scaled up the 20 foot rope using 9 strides and a reach, a coordinated leg kick, and a backward body lean in the unbelievable time of 3.4 seconds.

But that was merely the beginning. The following year, Jack Hughes, a L06

Angeles area High School coach, improved the new style further by teaching an ex­aggerated backward body lean while allow­ing the legs to drop from the " L" position. His protege had the name, now legendary, of Don Perry. The near horizontal position enabled Perry to take longer strides which he pulled down nearly to his waist. He took 7 strides and a reach, and at the age of 17, set the then world record for 20 feet of rope at 3.1 seconds. Later, with his revolutionary style, Perry broke every new record and was unbeaten and untied in over 100 meets of competition. In 1954, while attending U.C.L.A., he set the world record of 2.8

Above: A backward body lean and rapid long strides resulted in this 2.9 second climb.

seconds, still intact, though equalled today. Other climbers copied Perry's style. In

1958, several years after P erry's retirement, Garvin Smith (then 31 years old) and Rob­ert Manning (at age 34) tied in a thrilling championship meet at 2.8 seconds. But these "veterans" were not the only fast climbers around. High school records were being lowered every year. The Los Angeles City High School 20 foot rope climb record fell from 3.8 seconds in 1956 to 3.0 seconds ill 1960, and the C.LF. (California Interscholas­tic Federation ) record was dropped to 2.9 seconds in 1962 by 17 year old Steve Leidner.

Leidner then tied Perry's world record of 2.8 seconds during his senior year at high school.

All of these climbers, without exception, used well-synchronized leg-kick and Hm movements while leaning far backwards to get the maximum reach. Only rope climbers using this style have been clocked at 3.0 seconds or faster.

The fastest climbers not only all had a style in common, but also were all from the same area-Los Angeles. Whatever the reasons may be, perhaps a more complete high school gymnastic program (or, as some say humorously, simply a strong urge to get above the smog) the Los Angeles area hao produced the only rope climbers in the United States, if not the world, to climb 20 feet of rope in less than 3 seconds.

The Los Angeles monopoly on fast rO!Jc climbers has no doubt contributed to the removal of the event from National com­petition. But, instead of dropping rope be­cause it is strong in one area, shouldn ' t it be encouraged and strengthened in the weaker areas?

Rope Climb is still an event in a few high school systems and junior colleges in cities across the country, but the incentive for students to go out for this event has been killed by the removal of competition from the college level.

And what will become of the enthusi­astic following who would look forward to the rope event-counting the strokes in a cadenced Go! Go! Go! as climbers streaked towards the tambourine. Are we attracting the much needed spectator interest to gym­nastics by removing colorful and exciting even ts?

And why should the many athletes, and there are many, who want to compete in the event be denied the opportunity?

Rope Climb will certainly be missed from gymnastic meets this season. We must bring it back for its continued enjoyment by spectators and competitors. The thrills and excitement of rOp'e climbing must be the backbone of gymnastic competition. LET'S GET IT BACK !

RESEARCH AND FITNESS

James S. Basco, Ph.D. Son Jose State College

This is the third of a series of six articles dealing with the effects of participation in gymnastics activities on cardiovascular measures. A series is being planned in the area 0/ mechanical and kinesiological analysis of gymnastics activities. Please forward all articles to the above address.

WIKSTROM, Robert B., " Effects . of Gymnastic Training on the Progressive Pulse Ratio T est of Boys," Urbana : M.S. Thesis, University of Illi­nois, 1954. Pp. 64.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of

gymnastics training on the cardiovascular effi ciency of young boys as measured by the Progressive Pulse Ratio Test.

METHOD The single group experimental research pattern was used. The

effects of a single experimental factor-gymnastic training-was determined, as these effects were reflected as changes in the scores of the Progress ive Pulse Ratio Test variables before (T-l) and after (T-2 ) the introduction of the experimental factor. The vari­ables used were: (1 ) average pulse ratio, (2 ) angle of inclina­tion , and (3) angle between the 30 and 36 step pulse ratios. TIle subj ects were twelve, healthy, white, young boys between the ages of fi ve and eleven years who performed gymnastic exercises one day a week, three hours per day for an eight month period. The data obtained on each subject and for the group were treated sta­ti stically (critical ratio ) and graphically.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS (1 ) The average pulse ratio remained the most stabl e variable

of the three which were included in the study. Only one subj ect made a significant decrease of .21 of a point in the average pulse ratio (5% levell . (2 ) The changes from T-l to T-2 in the angle of inclination were significant for two subj ects at the 5% level, two subj ects at the 2% level, and four subj ects at the 1% level. Five subj ects' angles of inclination decreased showing improve­ment in cardiovascular effici ency, the range of change being be· tween 1 degree and 9 degrees. The other seven subj ects showed an increase in the angle of inclination which varied from 2 to 14 degrees. (3) Four subjects made significant chan ges at the 1% level in the angle between 30-36 step ratios. The remaining sub­jects made no significant changes. The 30-36 step angles for eight subjects increased, the range being between 2 and 62 degrees. The other four subj ects' angles decreased, the range being between 14 and 77 degrees. (4) The mean scores for the group for the aver­age pulse ratio showed an increase from pre- to-post-trainin g test­ing of .028 of a point. The group average angle of inclination increased 2.6 degrees and the group average angle between the 30-36 step ratios decreased 1.1 degrees. None of these changes was significant. It was hypothesized that a more intensive type of gymnastic training, involving prolonged endurance work, would have had a much more decisive effect on the cardiovascular con­dition of these young boys, as these effects would be reflected in the Progressive Pulse Ratio Test scores. (5) a comparison of the data obtained on the young boys with normative tables for young men and adult men indicated that the young boys not only toler­ated exercise as well as the young men and the adult men, but they adj usted to an equal amount of exercise even more effi­ciently than did their more mature counterparts.

TABLE I Comparisan of Pre-Season and Post-Season

Test Variab les Fo r The Group (N= 12)

Var iab le T1 T2 D Meas. CR

Average Pulse Ratio 2. 106 2.134 .028 .106 .264

Angle of Inc linat ion 5.2 7.8 2.6 3 .4 .765

30 - 36 Step 6.3 5.2 -1. 1 12.2 .090 Angle (degrees) * Not Significant

Level of Significance

NS *

NS

NS

SPECIFICATIONS FOR PROGRESSIVE PULSE RATIO TEST (STEPS) ':'

1. (a) Seat subject 5 minutes. Count sitting pulse for 30 seconds. (b) After 30 seconds, count sitting pulse for 30 seconds again . (c) If pulse is stable, go on with the . test. If not, count sit­

ting pulse again and continue until two successive counts are the same. If there is still flu ctuation, use the average.

2. Have the subj ect stand up. Count out the timing of the step­ping at 5 seconds for each co mplete trip 12/min.), 2% sec­onds UP and 2% seconds DOWN. Demonstrate. Ask the subj ect to count the number of trips he makes in one min­ute at 12/ min . Start the subj ect on the even minute at the start of one revolution of the minute hand on a stop watch or suitable photo-t imer. Count for the subj ect so that one complete trip coincides with 5 seconds on the clock. Continue stepping for exactly one minute. T ell the subj ect to sit down. Then after 10 seconds, count pulse for 2 minutes, i.e., begin the pulse co unt exactly 10 seconds after the even minute.

3. Compute the pulse ratio and plot the second point while the subject remains seated. This is done by dividing the cum­ulative 2-minute rate by the resting rate. Recheck the sitting pulse rate at least twice. Continue until the pulse is stable (± 1 beat) and record in terms of beats/min.

4. Count the rate of stepping at 3.33 seconds for one complete trip, 18/min . Three trips in 10 seconds. Demonstrate. Ask the subj ect to count the number of steps or use a pulse counter. Step the subj ect at this rate for exactly 1 minute. At the end , seat the subj ect and after 10 seconds, count the pulse for 2 minutes. Compute the pulse ratio. and plot the point.

5. After 2 to 3 minutes, check pulse at least twice for 15 seconds. Continue until the pulse rate is stable. Record the sittin g rate.

6. Explain the rate of stepping at· 24 steps/min. , 2% seconds per trip. Demonstrate. Ask the subj ect to count his trips. Step the subject for exactly one minute. Sit the subject down and after 10 seconds, count the pulse for 2 minutes.

7. Repeat step 5. 8. Explain to the subject the rate of stepping at 30/min. Dem­

onstrate, one second UP and one second DO W N. Ask the sub­ject to count the steps (dips) . Step the subject for exactly one minute. Si t the subj ect down and after 10 seconds, count the pulse for .2 minutes. Compute the pulse ratio and plot the 4th point.

9. Recheck the sitting pulse rate at least twice and continue until the pulse is stable. Record the sitting rate.

10. Explain the rate of stepping at 36/min. Demonstrate, or count out three trips UP and DO W N in 5 seconds. Ask the subj ec t to count the number of steps and step the subj ect for exactly one minute. ':' Steps up and down on a 15-17" stool or bench.

u

IP '" 30 3b

& I,. /60 /i'2 2E2 7 __

7~ 70 "'iZ 7;2.

;l.d/ 2.K. :;'29 2S2. 2.12..

SAMPLE OF ACTUAL GRAPH

9

liTHE FIRST TWO

The ES. Gymnastics Federation was fi ve years in the build­ing. It began to fun ction formally in Janua ry of 1963. This yea r marked the beginning of the third yea r of operation and it was felt that a quick backwards to view the first two years might be in order. It began with the printing of formal USGF stationery .. . the names of the 1st USG F Executive Committee . . . Glenn Sundby ... Bud Marquette .. . Joe Giallombardo ... Chet Phillips ... Charlie Pond . .. Herb Vogel . .. Dick Clausen .. . Charles Calhoun and President Dr. Don­ald Boydston. The GSGF then was a post-office box and one small portable typewriter. From this beginning . . . and with the help and gu idance of the names shown above it started ... and went sort of like this ... June 1963 ... The Galveston Gymnastic Festival ... with

more than 300 yo ungsters spending three days work­ing on sunny Galveston Island in Texas.

June 1963 ... the First USG r National Open Champion­ship at Maines East High School . .. in Des Plaines, Illinois . .. with more than 125 entries . .. the first meet to use the 1964 Olympic compulsories (a t na­tional level I .

July 1963 ... The top three trampolinists from the USGF Na tionals tour Germany. France and England ... perform in Germany and England ... Danny tIi!!-man ... George Hery ... Fred Sanders.

Jul y 1963 ... The Ballet Training session at Palm Beach , Florida . . . the dream of Mrs. Grace Kaywell ... and the gift of Mr. Frank Hale ... has a dozen yo u ngsters working for three weeks under specia 1-ized supervision .

October 1963 ... Dann y Millman, defending USGF Tram­poline Champ goes to Germany and brings home first place in the Fahrbach-Schustei· Cup competi­tions . . . USG F's first gold medal!

December 1963 .. . The second annual Western Clinic in Tucson, Arizona draws more than 300 participants in the week-long gymnastic event ... and features for the firs t time an EAST-WEST ALL-STAR meet.

March 1964 . .. The USGF Trampoline team . .. of Frank Schmitz ... Steve Johnson ... and Nancy Smith tours 6,000 miles of South Africa . . . and performs at every stop in this bea utiful 6 week trip. 1st and 2nd (man 's) and 1st (women 's) in the SOUTH AF­RI CAN GAMES. (3 more USGF medals) .

1()

THE UNITED STATES GYMNASTICS FEDERATION P.O. Box 4699, TUCSON, ARIZONA.

FRANK L. BA RE Executive Di rect or

March 1964 ... The USGF sends Danny Millman and Gary Erwin' to take part in the first World's Trampoline Championship in London, England. The boy's finish 1st and 2nd in men's trampoline. (two more inter­national places).

April 1964 ... the Second Annual USGF National Open Championships . . . at the University of Iowa ... two divisions for boys and girls .. . more than 140 entries from California to Penn. , two-day event marked with great performances.

April 1964 ... first meeting of the USGF GOVERNING COUNCIL ... and a long day spent in building a Constitution and la ying the groundwork for rules.

April 1964 . . . The USG F send collegiate team to per­form at the University of Sonora ... Old Mexico . . . (Hermosillo ) ... received well and presented with flowers during sports event there.

August 1964 . . . The USG F prepares to print the AGE­GROUP GYMNASTICS WORKBOOK ... written by Jim Farkas (Milwaukee Turners) . . . and printed entirely by the USGF Press. 90 pages of age-group compulsories for American youngsters .

November 1964 ... The BALLET for GYMNASTICS recordings . . . are off the presses . . . and they represent a great effort on the part of Mrs. Grace Kaywell . . . who now is Ballet Consultant for the USGF and the technical know-how, confidence and help of the Stepping-Tones record ing company of Los Angeles, Calif.

November 1964 ... Second meeting of USG r Governing Council in Chicago, Ill. , sees election of Dr. Boyd­ston to another year ... same with Mr. Clausen ... adds new names of Gordon Maddux, Gene Wett­stone .. . Jackie Uphues .. . Mr. Al Willis ( Illi­nois HS Director).

December 1964 .. . the Fourth Annual WESTERN CLINIC ... goes over the 600 mark in participants from all over the U.S.A. East-West all-star meet features .. . 4 Olympians from the 1964 team . .. and the de­fending World 's Trampoline champ and South Af­rican champ.

January 1965 ... a first in conducting an Open Trial for the USC F Trampoline team to go to London for the 2nd World's Champi onship. A strictly trampoline trial at Southern Illinois University drawing nearly 2,000 spectators. Team of Schmitz, Erwin (men's) and Nancy Smith and Judy Wills ... bring home all five first places . . . in this meet with 11 nations

taking part. Erwin win 's trampoline, Schmitz 2nd . . . Schmitz win' t tumbling . . . Judy Wills win 's trampoline, Smith 3rd and Jud y doubles win­ning tumbling . . . and Erwin and Schmitz win syn­chronized event. (5 first places. )

January 1965 .. . llSG F Rules Book published . .. and represents first printing of forma l men's, women's (FiG based) and trampoline rules all under one cover ... {or minimum charge making such rules availab le to everyo ne.

January 1965 ... USGF begins printing of GUIDE FOR COMP ETITIONS . . . well· written guide for con­duct of gymnastics meets,by Glenn Wilson of U. of Colorado ... to be ready early in year 1965.

I know I ha ve missed man y great events . .. carrying USG F Sanctions and sponsorship. We felt it nec­essa ry not to include events ' not being introduced through or by the USGF and yet give credit where it is due. I'd like to claim some credit for the grea t and beautiful MODERN GYMNAST MAGA­ZINE . .. but all such acclaim goes directl y to Glenn Sundb y who has been so dedicated to the sport and his magazine for the past yea rs that we are pleased just to relate he has doubled hi s sub­scription in this past two yea rs . . . and he did it!

1964 .. . saw us add such hard-working gymnastics peo­ple to our various working jobs as A. BRUCE FREDERICK - Chairman . .. Education Committee and Ernestine Rus­sell Carter- Chairman. .. Women's Technical .Committee . . . and the work mounts up and yet those who have seen fit to join in this program seem to enj oy the fact that it has been at times difficult. The USG F has grown to two electric typewriters . . . an office four times the size we started with . . . our own printing equ ipment ... numerous publications ... nearly 3,000 individual (paid ) gymnast memberships and over 500 coaches memberships . .. not to mention our formal group membership. The NATIO NAL FEDERATION OF STATE HIGH SCHOOL ATHLETICS ASSOCIATIONS . .. represent­ing 20,000 secondary schools and more than 10,000 gym­nasts who compete at one level or another. The NATIO NAL COLLEGIATE ATHLETIC ASSOCIA­TIO N . . . representing more than 600 Universities and Colleges more than 150 of which carryon competitive gym-

nasti cs programs and most of which offer instruction in gymnasti cs. Producers of man y great olympians. THE NATIONAL JUN IOR COLLEGE ATHLETIC AS­SOCIA TION . .. representing more than 300 Junior Col­leges and expressing interest in conducting a national or regional championship in gy mnastics in the near future. THE AMERICAN TURNERS . .. representing more than 16,000 gymnasts of varying ages and from all areas of the United States. Most of ou r past women olympians ha ve been Turner products as have been man y of the men. THE AMERICAI\ ASSOCIATION FOR HEALTH. PHY­SICAL EDUCATION A:-J D RECREATION ... 'with a membership of some 40,000 teachers in the field of Phy­sica l Education and one of the nati on's leading contribu­tors to the fi eld of fitness for American youth . THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF COLLEGE GY_ [­NASTI CS COACHES ... with more than 300 of the na­tion's lead ing college gymnastics coaches as members . This organizati on (formerly the N.A.C.C. ) conducts statistical surveys, Resea rch awards and Honor award services on an annual basis. THE NATIO NAL ASSOCIATION OF HICH SCHOOL GYMNASTICS COACHES .. . newl y formed with more than 200 coaches alread y signed .up . This group will help provide educati onal leadership to fe llow coaches across the nation. . . . to sum up . .. let me say we feel that we are defin ­itely on the ri ght road . .. IT's BEEN V P HILL ALL THE WAY ! . .. to sum up the first two years ... I'll stea l a phrase I once heard .. . "you can always tell when yo u' re on the right road . . . it's up -hill all the wa y." .. . and so it has been, and gratifyi ng all the way as well ... for the first two years !

* * * * '65 VIENNA GYMNAESTRADA

THE 4th ANNUAL GYM TAESTRADA in Vienna keys the USGF European Tour for 1965 . USG F members will be participating acti vely "nd as spectators in this great -event which will host over 8,000 gymnasts fr om all over the world from July 20th thl'll 24th.

FOR FULL DETAILS WRITE TO: USGF Europe Gym Tour Director: P.O. Box 611

Santa Monica, California

Below : The news comes in from a ll over the USA (ar'ld the world). It is t yped up . gets rol ling.. a few f ina l adjustments and off the press comes the Newsletter . thousands of USGF. members all over the country.

a negative mode . . . press is inked up . into envelopes, postage meter and on to t he

JUDGING COMMENTS

Here on these pages are a sampling of judging thoughts from different parts of the country. and world which have come into the MG offices recently. For further thoughts on. Judging. turn to poge 34 and read Notes From A Neurotic Judge, the first of a new senes on Judging artICles which will be a reguJar feature in the MG and edited by Roy Davis.

F. I. G. JUDGING? Dear Glenn,

I had intended to discuss a few things with. you in Tokyo but the chance did not arise. fI!' e find it difficult /;Q get injormation out here and there are a few central problems which we think you could help us 'with.

Because our judges are generally inexperi­enced we are at present concerned with or­ganizing courses to increase their compe­tence. Our problem is that we know of no source giving a complete account of the theory oj judging. Although we have the 1964 edition oj the F.l.G. Code oj Points which has been oj great value, there are several issues which it does not treat. We would be gratejul if you could throw some light on a jew of the more important ones.

1. It seems that the penalties and require­ments oj the Code of Points do not strictly determine a score, but that these are to be used along with, or as a guide to, the judge's intuition. They indicate the deductions ap­propriate jar specific faults, but the final score is also dependent on the judge's in­tuitive assessment oj the routine . Where laults are rare, as with top class routines, this intuitive element is predominant in determ.ining the score. If this is so we would appreciate a clear statement of the jactors which the experienced judge intu­itively takes into account and in what pro­portion. For example, is the aesthetic qual­ity oj the composition important; ij so how does one rate dejiciencies and what sort of penalties are appropriate?

2. Is it assumed that all judges. are mark­ing by exactly the same standards; i.e., the same concept oj gymnastics and what will constitute the perfect routine; or may they dijfer to some extent over what they re­gard as, jar example, good composition.

3. Just how rigorously are the F.I.G. prin­ciples of deduction for difficulty meant to be applied? Many of Our voluntaries in Tokyo did not have the required number of C and B parts but still received up to I point more than the maximum which they could have been given by F.l.G. rules with the difficulty included; ie., assuming per­fect execution and composition.

4. 'In awarding · points for difficulty, is the object to ensure that the most difficult routine gets the most points for difficulty Or do all routines which satisfy the require­ment of including 10 parts, of which one is a C and jour are B's, auto;natically get the jull 3.4 points? If this was so it would mean~ a. that in top class competitions all gym­nasts would receive the same points for dif­ficulty regardless of differences in diffi­culty between routines, because all would have the required number of difficult parts; b. in ejfect differences in difficulty from one routine to another would therefore be ignored; c. a gymnast would be unwise to include very difficult moves in his volun­tary as he need only select the easiest C and four B's available. If ·judging difficulty is not limited to deducting points only for voluntaries deficient in required number of parts, by what principles are points for difficulty awarded?

5. How is it intended to use the new difficulty classification given in the 1964

12

Code oj Points, whereby each move and many combinations of moves·, are given different values between 0 and .6?

6. Is there any trend towards dividing up the judging task among several judges, so that, for example, two judges-assess the execution, two others mark the composi­tion, and another two score for the difficulty of the one voluntary? It seems to us that there are so many factors that this is es­sential to ensure that justice is done, par­ticularly with far from perfect routines which we have to mark.

7. Have any statistical investigations been carried out into the reliability and validity of the F.l.G.'s methods of judging gymnas­tics? I have carried out some minor an­alyses which indicate that intuitive judging is very inaccurate and that the methods as we understand them are not nearly sensi­tive enough.

8. Is there any in/ormatiton on experi­ments carried out on new methods 0/ judg­ing? Is the F.l.G. actively engaged in im­proving judging?

We would be most appreciative if you could assist us with these questions or pass them on to another authority.

Han . Assist. Sec. Thanking you, Yours faithfully, Ted Trainer N.S.W.A.G.A.

Dear Ted: We passed your letter along to Tom Darling (Asst. Coach at the U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland) who has been very active in the Eastern Officials Association. We feel your letter and Tom's reply are important enough to warrant publication in full. And as we will be starting a judging section in the M.G. this will get us off to a good start . . . along with some judging thoughts by Sam Bailie.

Dear Glenn; Rather than answer point by point, I

thought I'd ramble through the system and hope that I answer all parts of Mr. Train­er's letter.

The F.I.G. system of judging is one set up for the top notch gymnast who thrives on perfection. And while on the surface it would appear that an accurate score could be given any routine, this is not really the case. At least not in the twenty or thirty seconds usually allotted for scoring. The system lends itself more toward perfection of a fairly easy routine than to allowing a really accomplished gymnast a freedom of activity. This is why gymnasts "cut back" on routines. Thus the most difficult rou­tine does not always win nor does the best gymnast.

As for the judge himself, it is true that even with all of the knowledge of the rules which he possesses, he still must ·use some judgment. For this reason, a really good judge must have some background in gym­nastics and plenty of time to practice judg­ing. It is extremely hard to believe that a person could become a good judge just by reading the rules. He still must acquire an appreciation for the activity as well as an understanding of the movements which are being put together.

It must further be remembered that in big international competition, such as the Olym­pic Games, the spotlight of the world is turned on. Since only scores in the high nines are going to have a chance at win­ning, the policy seems to be to disregard the extreme lower end of the scale if for no other reason than to try and "save face" for the country's best gymnasts. I would say that most countries try and send their best people and these men have worked hard to get to the top of their sport. And sending these gymnasts back with scores in the three's is not the best way of making sure that they will continue in the sport.

As for improving judging, I am sure that all countries are concerned with this prob­lem. Since the YI.G. is comprised of rep­resentatives from the various countries, I would say that experiments are going on all the time. However, it is still hard to get everyone to agree on which direction we should be going. And so many of the changes which would seem to make the most sense to some will be a long time coming about, if ever.

In our country, one of the Collegiate Con­ferences has split the judging assignments to arrive at a score. This seems to work our fairly well. There have also been sys­tems developed to achieve. In this case a model routine worth 8.0 was set up and all routines compared with it. This leaves the gymnast with a great deal of freedom. in his routines and promotes a great deal of orig­inality.

As I said before, I hope that I have an­swered most of the questions and should there be need to clear up any other points, I feel it would be best to correspond directly in a letter rather than take up too much print.

Sincerely, Tom Darling Member USGF Tech. Comm. Annapolis, Maryland

"WE MUST HAVE ANEW SCORING SYSTEM"

by Sam Bailie

Gymnastic Coach-U. of Arizona, Tucson While sitting in the editor's office re­

cently I read a very concerned letter from Australia regarding the age old problem of judging. Everyone is concerned over the problem, but no one seems to be able to find a solution.

First, the judging in the Olympic Games is in many instances worse than in our home countries. I have seen much better judging in local area meets by judges with far less experience, but who were really trying to do a good job. The answer here is quite simple. As we all realize, judginrr in the Olympic Games has considerabl: political envolvement. To solve this prob­lem under our present day world political situation may be virtually impossible dis­tributiton following competition (this is not done at present).

Second, as· our Australian friends pointed out, the FIG point system (10 point rou­tine requirements) is not held to. This is particularly true in international competi­tions such as the Olympic and World Games. There has already been considerable dis­cussion over the 9.1 score received by Endo, of Japan, for his routine on the side horse in the recent Olympic competition. By actual F.I.G. standards, the routine, if perfectly executed, could not · be valued above the 8's. This was in evidence even more during the 1962 World Championships. I was dis­gusted when in reviewing the films I saw numerous routines receiving scores of 9.75

and 9.8, \dlich by F.I.G . standards should have been in the low 9.0's. I feel certain that this was an attempt to r eward the greater d iff iculty contai ned in t heir routines. If this is true, then we need to revise our entire judging sys tem.

I feel that the days have passed when we can say a minimum of 2C moves and 4B moves, etc. comprise a 10 point routine. Thi s was a great improvement over the sys tem of merely req uiring a sin gle C move; but this system is no longer adeq uate . The .J udge today must find a place or points to re­ward "reat difficul ty and still consider style, contin~lity and form. Ask any judge this Cl uesti on, and I am sure he will have diffi­culty in answering it: If two gymnasts of equal ability perform a 10 poin t routine with eq ual style, continuity and form , but one has 2C moves and the other 5C moves, how much higher a score should the second man receive? Both men met the F. I.G. stand­ards fer a 10 point routin e, therefore, bot h de~ e r ve fu ll value for their routine. But, at the same time, the greater difficulty de­ser ves higher points. This is very im portant for the all-around co mpetitor. Some judges will say, and truthfully so by F.I.G. stand­ards, that one cannot receive a higher score for diffi culty than the other as they both met the requirement s. However, th is is not what most judges do in practice. They try to reward the higher difficulty wi th a higher score. In crder to do thi s, they must de­viate from the F.I.G. standard of points. This in turn leads to highl y inaccurate j udg;ing Insed enti rely on personal opinion and experience.

)\,l y answer to this problem, odd as it may seem on first reading it , will give greater freedom to the Itymnast in the formation of his routin es and greater scoring accuracy to the judge. . ,

In some areas of our country, a system of judging has been adopted in which the judgin g responsibilities have been dlVlded. 'fhree judges are used. Each Judge ]s re­sponsib le for only one aspect of the ro u­tme (fo rm, difficulty, continuity and com­bination ). 1 feel that this is a step in the rigEt direc tion. My additions would be as follows :

Judge of Difficulty- This judge would re­cerd the entire rou tine (a form of shor t­hand co uld be used) and with a point eval­uation chart for the number of B moves antI C moves, etc. give an exact rating for the difficulty of the routin e_ (This could be complete within 10-15 sec_ after Dismount ).

At present the max imum for this· portion of the routin e is 3.4 of the 10.0 total pomts. This maxim um score should be raised to allow for ex tra difficulty, as well as the possibi lity of lowering the value of the C lnoves.

The remainder of the score should be based on a maximum 10 points awarded by 4 judges. These 4 judges consider only style, execution, continuity and form.

Any fl aw, no maller how small , . should be properly deducted from the poss]ble 10 points.

On the Long Horse we also need a new difficulty evaluation chart. The hecht, ~he fu ll twistin " hecht, and the full tWlstmg front are an va lu ed at 10 points although there is a <Treat deal of difference in the ac­tual diffic~lty of these vaults. Again, the present sys tem of judging does not allow for the ex tra difficulty.

Ou r present scoring system of allowin g only 10 maximum points has been out­da ted by the great strides made in gymnas­ti cs durin g the last eight yea rs.

A <T reat deal of time and effort would be neede"d for such a system to be developed - but those I've talked with, have led me to believe it is possible.

JUDGING ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS

by M. Donald Adolph, Director American Gymnastics Association

Artistic gymnastics is (should be) an in­spirin g, symphonic exercise performed With virtuosity and exactitude on a speCialIzed piece of gymnastic apparatus.

The art of gymnastics reaches the highest levels when the gymnast with absolute .con­tral of his (her) body portrays a ulllque blending of acquired skills to indicate a mastery of difficulties and risks through the portrayal of a graceful , dynamic, and ex-pressive rendition. .

J ud " in o- arti stic gymnastics is a fonmdable and ~xa~tin g task. Yet, trained quali ty judges are able to evalu ~ te the scope of the capaltilities and thhe ab lhty of the perform­ing gymnast. The demonstrated routme must consist of the numerous essent]al elements and combinations and result in a ri ch, artis­tic and aesthetic composition.

Permit me to digress long enough to point up that it has been my continuous deep-felt hope as a dedicated buff for almost ftfty years to see this all-purposeful major pha.se of the physical education program - artis­tic gymnastics - move. ~ver upward. to hi o-her horizons with unlumted accomplIsh­m~nts. With the fervent wish to achieve more productive growth and better knowl­ed <Teabl-e understanding through increased lea~ning by all who are involved with arti s­tic gymnatics, be they teachers and c.oaches with limited experience, neophyte Judges, gymnasts, and the public, I a~l now s ubmitt­ino- some of the more essent13l gUides and di ~ectives to be used in judging artistic gym­nastics.

These directives have r ecently been com­piled (J uly, 1964) after much tho~ght and diligent effort by expert techlllctans. and o-ymnastic practicians at the 1st InternatiOnal J udo-es School held in Zurich, Switzerland_ The~e directives are in accord with the new "Code of P oints" established by the Men's Technical Com mission of the International Gymnastic Federation (F.I.G.) and the -,\ma­teur Athletic Union (A.A.U.) of the Ulllted States as the "Official" rules governing amateur gymnastic competitions.

The reader no doubt, is aware that at all International ' tournaments, F .I.G. competi­tion s, Championship Games, Olympic Games, and other high caliber meets, "Com­pulsory" and "Optional" gymnastic exer­cises are performed on the different appara­tus. At times, in competitions with beginner and intermediate gymnasts provision is made for the use of the "optionals" only.

All performed routines are evaluated by of fi ve judges, one acting as "judge-refere~ or Superior-] udge" has the strict responsI­bility to make sure that the other four judges perform their duties in accordance with the official rules. In order to establIsh a justifiable policy 'If scoring, the iury of judges at the start of a contest should m.eet to reveal their individual scores for the fust and second exercise of each new contest. All routines are scored on a 0 to lO point basis by deductions of tenths of poi~ts or whole points. The fina l score for a part icular exercise performed will be arrived at by eliminating the highest and lowest scores by two or' the judges and then dividing the sum of the two middle scores by two. Should the four scores have a grea ter vari ance (sur­passes ) the " limit" allowed by the Code of P oints. the Superior Judge m1.1 , t then orde r a conference of the jucl!res so th at all can decide and llgree upon an obj ective evaluated score that is in con forman ce with the official rules.

The rules state that an exercise, in order to obtain a maximum score of ten, must have the following qualifications : It must include a minimum of eleven skill s, six of which are classified as "A" or , kills of simplest difficulty, four of which are classi­fied as "B" or skills of average difficulty , and one " C" movement of skill of highest form of difficulty. The judge must watch for movements not executed or for unfor­seen 1110vemen ts and for all other general fault s of execution as well as faults of a techn ical nature. On each occasion that a judge recognizes a fault a penalty commen­sUl'ate with the rules must be deducted. The three major considerations in evaluating an artistic gymnastic routine are:. Execuliton (5.00 points), Difficulty (3.40 pomt,) , Com­bination (1.60 points). Judges and the gym­nast must consider the specific r equirements called for by the F.I.G. code of po i~t s for each different apparatus. On the honzo~tal bar the gymnast should offer. SW ll1glll g movements exclusively with va1'1atlons of o- iant turns with no stops. On the parallel flight and swing predominantly, with . at leas t one part involving strength , <lnd With a hold (static part) . TO more than three holds are permitted. The side horse exer­cise must be flu ent , without pauses or stops and include all three sections of the horse. Passes, scissors, forward and back.ward, and double leg circles should predommate. The fl oor exercise should be a smooth , harmon­ious and rhythmic whole involv ing stren~th, balance, suppleness with the use of ~IPS , jumps, somersaults, han~stan.ds, an~ springs performed in all four dlrectlO!1s. wlthm · the limited squared area and wlthm. the . t~n second leeway of the sixty second tune 11l111!.

Experience has proved that every gy~ll­nast has unlimited opportunities to acqUIre new skill s and to crea te exercises of arti s­ti c value.'

By way of a concluding summary; these are the requiremen ts for a perfect score (l0.00 points) in art istic gymna~li cs : the execution of each individual skIll to ItS highes t potential ; proper timing, ~hyt hm , and continuity; perfect form ; e~ erc ise me­chanically correct ; confidence Wi th Impres­siveness; and lastly, a neat and well ­groomed appearance with a r eadiness for an elegant performance. .

The reader may wonder why nothing was said about the characteristi cs of the long horse still rings, trampoline, tumblin!!;, rope climb' and other events used in many pl aces and by va ried organizations. P ermit me to suo-o-est that you consult the pages of the MODERN GYMNAST MAGAZINE, espe­cially the paper entitled, "Arti sti c Gvmnas­tics in Tew York City High Schools" by the writer (M.G. October 1964).

SEND YOUR MEET 'RESULTS TO : JERRY WRIGHT . SAN FRA NCISCO STATE COLLEGE 1600 HOLLOWAY AVENUE SAN FRA NCISCO, CALIFORN IA

90127

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13

A TRULY FINE SCHOOL PHYSICAL EDUCAT,ION

DEMON~TRATI.oN Editor's Note: We have on occasion' 'been critical oj J;hose schools from which a,;"'an' : nual "show" emerges ' supposedly, as an aiu" growth_ of the p)lysical education prograin, 111 truth many oj these prograin~ ': are, ma(~e ' up oj activities havil1g 110 relcitionship fa any 0/ the (ITeas 0/ the school", cur.ricl!-lum: Whab about the school, where a'nnually iliere is presented a 'demonstration very closely related ,to the school ' program; one tlJhich is concerned primarily with studeht de vel, op'itent ~ ',We believe that one of the best oj this {p,tier varie ty is condncted by the staff of the Forwood Jr, High School 0/ Wilmington, Delaware, This school is one

' 0/ a gronp 0/ schools oj the AI/red l. dit· Pont School District, The annu.a{ "Sports Festival" of Forwood Jr, High has bee a meaningful extension and integration oj that school's program,

ORGANIZA TIONA L The "key to the , Forwood program is or·

gan i ~a tion, Basic to this is the coopera tion of 'different kinds of groups who interact as a team, T eachers, administrators, parents, businessmen and students are involved in the "Festival" design.

Students lire given key leadership roles and they have performed well as ,chairmen of such con1mittees as ]lublicity~ decoration, costuming, audio·visual, scenery, dance, ush· er ettes and make·up, Some 80 girls were members of the decoration committee. These girls made hundreds of flowers fash ioned

Upper Left : Girls in rhythmic hoop num­ber; At Left: Forward Junior High Gym­nastic Club, Lower Left: Homemade Muu­Muus for traditiona l Hula number, Be­low: Forward Band in casual Aloha shirts.

,',

by A. BRUCE FREDERICK

2125 ARMOUR DRIVE

WILMINGTON 8, DELAWARE

from a colorful variety of facial tissues This kind of commentary was repeated and then placed them appropriately in the hy the other faculty members who partici-gymnasium. pated. Mr'. Edgar Knepper and Mrs. Aina

Parents were found assisting with the Ozols, the physical educators at Forwood tahleaux (human statues), helping with had the key roles in planning the "Festi-apparatus construction and assisting with val." Much of the work of the students decorations. One of the parents who has was, indeed, a regular part of the physical a printing J)Usiness made up the program educat ion program. "Star" performers did (see cover reproduction on this page) and not dominate the "Festival" action, however. donated tbese to the SellOOl. ._' Some 400 s.tudents were finally involved

. . .:.' in all .·,aspects ' of the demonstrattion. Dr. SCHOOL P,E. DEMONSTRATION , ' .:"';:Jacblj"·· W\lntzeL. a Forwood administrator,

Fifteen membj'!rs ?'£ the Eorwood faculty ., " comments "'that " the skills learned in one :.·~ad an .actual part m. the 'program. We be· ' .:; de al'tl).len al'e 'hO~ only on display in such

',' , lieve t~lS IS an essen bal. feature of the su~- :.proaranl··;hut ~~ ' t, .. the e fforts of other '_, c(!ss ful. :,~chool p~esentatlOn . Some of thelT dejJ~:tm. ~ts alTd 11:lu~~;., s_uch. skill~ are i.n-COmlT),ent~ Aollow, ." teg~at!!,d' J!lIp-. a. mea.m~g(ul" many-sIded dIS' .Mr:: Hadley, (Home Econonucs)-, What ,a play, of. tlie scho.61 ip, :· action. t could be .'; lwd~' (lesLgn the gLriS pLcked Jor theLr c ted·' a community ~fort. ';Feople literally

Sonth Seas dance costnmes! The selec- came in drov'es. What did' lhey see? tion of the pattern style, the experience '. oVcu.tling, fitting and constructing them THE PROGRA IYl

' ~as an activity il~ which all who partici- Upon entering the gynmasium, it was pated jound the necessity of calling upon evident from the hundreds of flowers, girls their home economics background. The flitting about in their .Muu Muu frocks, and gym show caused the selving room to the casual appearance of the band that the become a bee hive of activity jor many, "South Seas" theme would be well done. many d/temoons," This was further amplified by the tradi-

}vlr, Downs (Music}-"The cooperation be- tional hula . , . the first number on the tween physical. edltcation and 'm.usic ( de- program, .', partments), ,which is so often exhibited On ec ,of: t he most impressive .numbers was in the ideal schooL jootball effort, ·was. the rhythhlie hoop demonstratiton. In addi-superbLy demon strated in Our school's tierr· . .'to: .making their own outfits for this 1963-'64 physical education gym di( on" :.,number; ' the ,girls had actually participated stration." . ' in planning': ;the' rnusic and movements for

" . . ' . it also brought about a school.. this displiiy; >One could veJy. eas ily com-wide feeling of pride and - accomplish- . pare the qqali ty of this with the perform­men!. it di s} L yed to the ' public and.' ance of the ·.touring Danes who had visited coI1Ullunity not. only the r esults of one }':' ilmingto~" earlier in the year. department's laOOx-, but also it was "an example of tr.': growing quality in :our school of i r r·departmental help, 'ap· preciation anJ ,chool spirit."

"To say tll!- -very l east; thl'se shows (peJ· formance.- were given 0 consecutive evenings) stre Igthe~d o,ui· · llsical alert­nes, our endurance, our ·reading, ,and turtured a sense oJ ,coordination with the $ow that the total success f the ' per­formance might be achieved," ,.'

Mr. Jacoby ( Inaustrial Arts/- "1 he -value of participation if/. -' this program ,is jar­reaching jar indnstria{ arts .pupils who gave a helping -hand. They' ( th e students) learned a great deal about constmction and joining materials togeth er.~of design {arolLt and the finishing of liLute rials."

:.':.:' -Exhibition gymnastics came off smoothly. Ther~ was evidence that student s had been made- I:esponsible for equipment placement and tlli s aspect was particularly impressive to one who knows what a problem moving equipment can be.

A highlight of the evening was 1he cor­ona.tion of the Kihg and Queen of the Sports Festival. Here ~gain , t.he honor was in keeping wi th good ed ucational practice since the King and Queen had actually been chosen for their excellence in their cJasswork in physi cal education and other qualities of leadership,

The li ving statues r epresented a pageant of athl etics dedica ted to the Tokyo Olym -pies.

ADMINISTRATIVE AIDS The following administrative aids were

employed by the physical educators (Mr. Xnepper and Mrs. Ozols) to make the dem­onstration run as smoothly as possible:

• 1. The use of check lists of va rious kind s were used to make sure that all needed equipment would be ready at a given time. The apparatus committee had such a checklist.

2. Each participant was given a sheet out­lining various responsibilities for make­up, costumes and other general informa­tion.

3. A time schedule was set up. 4. Staging sheets were available (or those

with responsibilities for lightin g and set­ting up special scenery. Each sheet showed the exact location of the equip­ment and the general areas to be oecu­

.J>ied by the performers. 5. The publicity committee made compli­

mentary tickets available to certain friends of the school.

EVALUATION Tlie post-demonstration evaluation was

done so that futw'e demonstrations could be even more effective. On the posi tive side, student planning and student responsib ili ty seemed to be high. on the list of values of such programs. Giving boys and girls a chance to identify with a large group ac­tivity was also an important consideration. Improvements were deemed necessary in the areas of length of program, obtaining a larger facility to accommodate more spec­tators, planning a better overall arrange­ment to avoid fire hazards and a more thor­ough liandling of finan ces. l Forwood ended up in the bl ick, however. )

SUMililA RY Certainly the program of the Forwood

Jr. High School is not unique bu t it is doubtful whether or not the majority of gym "shows" we have seen can duplicate the quaJily and mass participation of this excellent progra)n. Mr. Knepper and his boys and girJs 11a ve been fUTt hel' honored by an in vitation to participate in a dem­onstration at th e World 's Fa il' in New York shortly af ter jt is r eopened in pri!. For more specific information regard ing the Forwood rog1'am, write Edgar KIlepper~ Forwood J1'. High School, Wilmington, Del­aware 19803.

sion of scores also reveals something about the character of an event. The sid e horse has long been accorded the distinction of the most difficult event and the long horse vault has been recognized as providing the best opportunity for a high score. The bar dia­grams of Figure 1 confirm these suspicions and , along with the fi gures of Table 1, pro­vide a basis for assessing the difficulty of the other events in this fi eld of top-fli ght international competition. Only 4.6% scored 19.00 or above in the side horse competition but 22.3 % scored 19.00 or better on long horse_ On still rings over 50% failed to score as well as 18.00 but only 13% fai led to do this well in vaulting. The reader is encouraged to develop this device for eval­uation even further.

Dick 'Cr iley stat ist lcan at wor k in t he MG offi ce.

The top 20 scores of each event were plotted on graph paper to see if a ~udden drop occurred. Parallel bars and the hori­zontal bar scores displayed a drop of .15 between fourth and fifth positions, but these were the only noticeable instances_ A single straight line was drawn to represent as closely as possible the trend of the top 20 scores of an event. Figure 2 represents a compilation of the 6 lines for the 6 events jar the top 20 positions only. Besides indi­ca ting the similarities between parallel bars, horizon tal bar, fl oor exercise, and still rings, and the strong deviat ions of side horse and long horse, this fi gure has another inter­esting use, the prediction of position or score given either.

1964 Olympic Gymnastic

MEANS-MODES-MEDIANS by Dick Criley

The 1964 Olympics furnished abundant material for the stati stician. The statistics are not worth much unless they are put to use. Uses which can be envisaged include evaluation of individual and team perform­ances in light of international competition, " ideal" methods of team selection, and pre­diction based on performance_

Many of our readers are aware of the ease with which statistics can be manipu­lated to suit a purpose_ Thus, we find such tenns as "nlean", "nlode", and "median". A mean is an arithmetic average of a collec­tion of n umbers. A mode, or modal ciass, is that fi gurl which occurs with greatest fre­quency in the population of numbers_ It may be either higher or lower than the mean or the same. A median is that value for which, when all the numbers are ranked in order of magni tude, 50% of the numbers lie on each side_ For examples let us look at Table L

Considering the scores of the 130 competi ­tors in floor exercise (see the January issue of the Modern Gymnast ), one could be quite misled about the caliber of competitIOn if he knew only the mean score, 17.63. How­ever, a clearer picture would be ga ined when it is seen that 50% of the competition scored above 18.20. Two modes would have been considered as 6 performers received a score of 18.45 and 6 received 18.35_ These scores shared the distinction of being most fre­quent.

How can this information be useful '? What interpretatitons can be made ? For those who engage in " What might have been," a score for a better executed exercise may be imagined to place the exercise in a more favorable light of competition. Or state­ments such as " all of our gymnasts per­formed above the average score in X event" can be considered critically if it is r ealized that some of the performances still ranked in the lower half of competitive effort s. It is obv ious in the reflection of the average and median scores that individuals having a score lower than the average were consid­erabl y lower and that the caliber of com­petition was often considerably better than the average would indicate.

A logical ex tension of these though ts leads one to ask what scores would have been necessary to qualify for the top 20 all­arou nd positions. Again, Table 1 cupplies the answers .But the interesting com;Jarison lies in comparing the mean score of the top 20 all-a round performers with that of the top 20 performers in each event. This is probably a good place to r e-emphasize that more considerations entered the picture than the score alone indicated. To mention a few, we would li st personalities, politics, and ti me of competition.

But what was necessary to earn it place among the finali sts for medal competition ? In nea rly all events a minimum compulsory sco re of 9.60 and a minimum optional score of 9.70 were needed to make the cutoff point , T able L However , once the finals were atta ined, the mean final scores were sli ghtly lower, perhaps refl ecting more crit ­ical judging.

Just so much can be made of these mea­sures of central tendency, as the means, modes, and medians a r~ called, The Jisper-

Thus, if a predicted mean score or the 10th performer is desired for each t:vent , a perpendicular line is raised from the bottom of the graph through the lines t epresenting the events and a reading is made on the left with the resulting accuracy as presented in Table 2_ Similarly if the mean score of a performer were 19.06 (the calculated mean score for 6 events for the " average gymnast" in the top 20 all-around performef5 ), the final placing of this score is read on the bottom scale, Table 2_ Such a chart could be presented for any level of competition and is useful as a prediction tool within the range of the chart. It is also true that the chart is more accurate in its middle values than at extremes (long horse vault for example) _ A score or ranking outside that of the table is not likely to be iocated validly by ex tending the lines because the slope of the line will change as more values are added to it.

Tab le 1. Presentation of means, medians, and modes by event for the Olympic gymnastics sco res of a ll competitors, t he top 20 all-around performers, the top 20 fini shers in each event, and the final six competitors in each event.

Fl oor Exercise

A ll Competitors Mean Median Mode

17.63 18 .20 18.45 (6) 18.35

Top

Top

20 a ll -around Mean Score

Camp. 9.472 9.497

18.969 \3

Opt. To ta l Place

20 in event Mean Score

Camp. Opt. Total Place

9.052 9.567

19.069 11

Meda l winners Mean Score

Camp. Opt . COA Final Tota l

9.592 9.675 9 .633 9 .583

19.216

Side Horse

17 .24 18.15 18 .55 (8)

9.430 9 .415

18.845 10

9.457 9.440

t 8 .897 7

9 .575 9.641 9.608 9.508

19. 116

Sti ll Rings

17.48 t 7.90 17 .5 0 (6)

9.485 9.550

19.935 13

9 .527 9. 590

19. 117 9

9.708 9.700 9.704 9.658

19.362

Long Horse Parallel Vault Bars

Horizontal All -around Bar

18.39 17.93 17.51 18.75 18.50 18.75 18.75 ( 15) 18 .80 (10) 18 .25

9.555 9 .615

19. 170 15

9.590 9.657

19 .247 9

9.691 9.708 9.700 9 .587

19.287

9.600 9 .565

19.165 10

9.605 9. 610

19.215 9

9.733 9.716 9 .725 9.500

19.225

9 .572 9 .577

19 . 149 11

9.562 9.568

19.130 11

9 .675 9.725 9.700 9 .641

19.3 41

104 .97 109.25 110.65 (3) 104 .30

57. 11 57.23

1'14 .34 13

The figu res in parentheses beh ind moda l sco res indicate the number of times that score occurred. COA- Compulsory and opt ional average.

55.4

S2.l

." ~5 . 1

3t6

JOn

26.2 25. 3

'" 1l.9 I1J

11.8 16.\ 15.1 16-'

'41 12 .~

l 'QO

'f I r 'f i a c a c a b c a c d a c a C

FEx S H S R l H V P B HB

''''

lUO

19.40

1930

lilO

: lil 0

19"

11.80

II lC

ABOVE FIGURE 1. Relative frequency (percent) of score dis­tribution by event for men's Olympic gymnast ics. a. percent scores including and exceeding 19.00, b. percent scores fail ­ing between 18.00 and 18.99, c. percent scores falling between 17.00 and 17.99, d. percent scores less than 16.99.

BELOW FIGURE 2. Graphical representation of the top twenty scores in each of the six Olympic events, based an the 1964 Olympics.

PB HB

rEx

SR

'&60 '-________ ....J.. ____ '-_~:_'__::___:_:..:......:...._:':'"__:_::-'':<:~___:

10 12 13 15 16 11 18 "' ~ 20

PI ac e

Tab le 2. Calculated and actual scores and rankings gi ven a theoretical rank or score and Figure 1. Differences ore not significant as determined by Chi-square test.

Score for Rank f or mean tenth rank score of 19.06

Calc. Actual Event

Calc. Actual

Floor Exercise 19.09 19.10 11 11 Side Horse 18.92 18.85 7 6 Sti ll Rings 19.15 19.10 12 12 Long Horse 19.28 19.25 21 24 Parallel Bars 19.22 19.15 15 14 Horizontal Bar 19.20 19.20 14 14

Similar s tatis tics and figures can be de· rived for the women competitors from the scores presen ted in the Jan uary Modern Gymnast.

(Next: the evaluatiton of team and in· dividual effort).

At Right and Above: Scenes from the Olympic Games t eam championships, AII ­Around chomps, Event fina l ists and Com­petit ion site.

, , '--. • -- A . -

17

/! (~~ .P=~V'::,. OLYMPIC GAMES

WINNING ROUTINES Rout ines shown in or der of f inol competition. Our thanks t o Ron Barak USA Olympian f or the mov ies f rom which these routines were :6ge~GFor scores and placings see January

FREE EXERCISE 1. Mitsikuri- J apan

Run to piked front somie, cartwheel, side "o lllie, hand sprin ~, sit hack and roll hack­wards to handstand and lower to J ajJan­ese splits {pancake I . Straddle press to hand stand, step down and run to tigna {front walkover wi thou t hands, turn and r un to roundoff, fli p- fl op, full twisting hack sam ie, flip-flop , turning out, kicking to handstand and rolling out to feet. Run to tinsica to a scale on one leg (one leg on groun d and other held at 45 0 to body). Run to rou nd-off , flip-flop, full twistina hack sOllli e. "

2. Leon tiev- USS R Flip-flop to a high dive backwards to a ches t roll out up to his feet and cartwheel, turn and run to front sOlllie step out to round-off, flip -flop, full twistin O" back somie turn and di ve to just short ;f hand­stand stopping through to splits, Valdez and roll forward to a straddle stand and press to handstand. Step out and tinsica to sca le. Turn out and run to cartwheel side sam ie, dive roll up to feet and div~ to chest roll to Japanese splits_ Turn and stand up and run to a round-off, flip­flop, layou t somie backwards_

3. Tsapenko- USSR Front somie, round-off, flip-flop, layout back som ie turn and lunge and jump out, run to round-off back somie with a full twist turn and handspring steppin g into a momentary handstand lowerina down into double leg circles (high l'oubles) r ising to feet and flip-flop to splits, strad­dle press to handstand with leas split roll out to feet and turn_ Round-~ff , flip: flop fli p-flop, back somie layout.

4. Men ichelli- Italy "e~ January ' 65 MG.

5, Lis"itski- USSR Diving flip-flop , cartwheel, turn, round­off, flip-fl op, full twisting hack sam ie, sit back and ro ll to handstand with half turn and drop to front support. One arm "gut" lever, hollow- back, forward roll, forward roll, head-kip , head-kip, back roll to splits_ Double leg circles, to scale_ Run to round­off, fli p-flop, arabiah sam ie, head-kip to sit, back roll to Japanese splits, stand and round-off, flip-flop, to back somie layo ut_

6. Endo- Japan Flip-flop, toe-touching back somie to front support bounce to feet and cartwheel, run to round-off, flip-flop, full twisting back somie, fli p- flop, turn to Swedish fall to splits. One arm "gut" lever, press to momentary handstand. Step down and run to handspring, front somie, handspring, lunge to side, spin back to teur zei tai to leg circle to splits (Japanese), hack roll to stand and turning to forward roll to piked jump to forward support , straddle cut , turn and rise to one legged scale_ Run to ro und-off, flip-flop , whip-over, flip­flop, back somie, layout.

SIDE HORSE 1. Yamashita- J apan

Starting on end , high double, loop, hop, loop, stockli , rear out, loop, reverse loop, loop, uphill travel ,high double, moore, two reverse scissors, reverse high double, thre" front scissors, high doubl es, rear out to Russ ian spin off_

18

2. Tsapenko- USSR Loop, loop, hop, loop, undercut, back scis­£O rs (traveling into -center) , front scis­sors, high doubles, moore, r ear out, rear in , immed iate travel out, rear in, imme­diate travel out, loop, Schaklin dismount (uphill moore with hands on horse-not pommels, loop off).

3. Mitsihuri--Japan Loop, loop, uphill travel, downhill travel, rear .in, high double, two front scissors, under cut, two r everse scissors, high dou­ble, moore, high double, Fh Russian moore, travel out to Schaklin dismount.

4_ Wig'gard-Norway Loop, loop, uphill travel, downhill travel, loop, hop, loop, moore, rear in, two back scissors, two front scissors, high double, Russian moore, travel, loop, Schaklin dis­mount.

5. Cerrar-Yugoslavia As you have it.

6. Tsurumi- Japan Moore mount, high double, Russian moore, travel out, loop, hop, loop, stockli up, two back scissors, two front scissors, rear out, loop, Schaklin dismount.

RINGS 1. Tsurumi-Japan

Pull to cross and up to "L". Stiff-Stiff press to handstand, giant (forward), fall over and back rise, roll back, dislocate, front uprise to " L". Hollowback t.o hand­stand, lower to inverted cross, roll to cross, dIslocate, double flyaway.

2. Leontiev-USSR Front lever, disloca te, shoot to handstand in verted cross, roll to cross, pull out t~ support, press handstand, fall over and back rise to cross, dislocate double flya­way.

3. Schaklin-USSR Front lever, inloca te, kip swing to hand­stand, reverse giant , back roll and lower to cross, back roll to L. Hollowback, lower through to inverted hang, and back flse to cross, dislocate, flan ge, drop back around to straddle dismount with % turn.

4. Menichelli- Italy Inlocate, pull up to inverted hang, snap­fl se (back rise) to handstand, giant for­ward to handstand, back roll to cross, pull out to L and forward roll to hollow back lower to cross, roll back and dislocate t~ full twist off.

5. Endo-Japan Dislocate, shoot to handstand, giant {im­mediate forward, first handstand (not held ) , reverse giant, lower through plan­che and front uprise to "L". Hollowback to handstand, lower to front lever, back roll to support and lower to cross, dislo­cate double.

6. Hyata-Japan As you have it.

LONG HORSE 1. Schaklin-USSR

Handspring ( twice), Hecht ( twice). 2. Tsurumi-Japan

Plain Yamashita (piked front) (twice) , giant Yamashita (twice) .

3. Rantakari- Finland Hecht ( twice), Giant. Hecht (twice).

4. Lisi tsky-USSR Same as Tsurumi

5. Endo-Japan Sam" as Tsurumi

6. Yamashita-Japan As you have it.

PARALLEL BARS 1. Menichelli- Itlay

Peach to handstand on one bar and turn in to vault over one bar and alide kip to " L" turning into both bars a;d swing­ing to handstand. Backover bar catch to stutz ( both near handstands) peach to

straddle " L". Press handstand peach, front uprise, swinging pirouette ,back somi off.

2. Cen 'tlr- Yugoslavia Vault over bar and cast support, straddle cut to " L". Hollowback to handstand back over bar catch stutz, cast with 1h twist, front uprise, reverse pirouette (lay­out moore) vault over side and glide kip to " L" on one bar. Press through bar to handstand and turn in. Stutz layaway, front uprise, front somi off with % twist.

3. Diomidov- USSR Cast support, forward roll , back uprise back stutz, hop pirouette, lay back, front uprise-stutz to " L". Press, stutz handstand Diomidov (full twisting stutz handstand ): back over bar, stutz layaway front uprise front somi off with % twist. '

4. Tsurumi- Japan Cast support, swinging pirouette, peach handstand layaway, front uprise, stutz, cast to upper arm support , back uprise straddle cut to " L". Press to handstand: on e~rm handstand, stutz layaway, front upflse, front off with half twist.

5. Lisitsky-USSR Jump to straddle cut on end to high doubles to planche. Cast to upperarm support, forward roll , back uprise, strad­dle, dip swing to handstand. Back over­bar ca tch, stutz layaway, hop pirouette, cast back uprise, back stutz swinain a pirouette, streuli , hack somie olf with "fuil twist.

6. Endo- J apan As you have it.

HIGH BAR 1. Lisitsky-USSR

Double rear, back kip, German giant , dis­engage WIth 112 turn kip to reverse giant, hop and ~each under to vault ca tch. Kip , reverse gIant , stoop and shoot, in locate gIant , .inlocate giant, dislocate gian t, hop o~t WIt~ lh turn (immedia te pi rouette, gIant, gIan t, full twisting flyaway.

2. Ono-Japan Shoot with % turn (cast) and swing up toward a handstand, stoop, shoot to a dis­loca te giant and hop out, a stooping im­mediately and shooting out to a Takemoto spin to a pirouette catch. Back kip, dou­ble German giant, stutz out, flan ge, cross over change to a giant (with one hand dislocated); full spin to vault catch. Kip , one back gIant, change (pirouette) to two front giants to a double flyaway.

3. Cerrar-Yugosla via Shoot up to handstand, stoop through and shoot to, inloca te giant, dislocate aiant hop immediate stoop and shoot to "Tak: emoto Spin to vault catch. Back kip dou­ble German giant , disengaae with half t~rn , kip, .giant (reverse) ch~nge to front gIant (pIrouette) , stalder shoot whip change, giant, hecht. '

4. Titov-USSR Shoot up to handstand, stoop through and shoot to two inlocate giants dislocate %, giant and hop out, giant, 'stoop and shoot WIth % turn to stalder shoot, giant, reach under to vault catch, back kip, dou­b~e German, disengage with 112 turn and kIp, giant, hecht.

5. Schaklin- USSR As you have it.

6. Endo-.T apan Shoot up to handstand, stoop throuah and shoot to dislocate giant, hop out ~o im­medIate reverse stalder, % giant , hop, flan ge, giant, toe circle on and off to giant, cross over change to back % giant , hop one hand and reach under with the other to a vault catch, back kip, German (supposed to be double German but he casted low- in preliminary it was a double ~erman) disengage with % turn, kip, gIant , hecht with a full twist.

Abov e: An excerpt of Caslavska's routine showing her doing an un usual move which attracted a lot of attention in Tokyo, a cast stoop so le c ircle, cast straddle catch under the High Bar, Y2 twist t o sing le leg catch on Low Bar. This move when seen for the first t ime has the startling illusion of a f l ip catch between the bars .. for Caslavska's ful l routine and photos turn to page 24.

OLYMPIC FINALS - SEQUENCE PHOTO ROUTINES While in Tokyo we took most of the top

routines in the finals with a 35mm movie camera. We intended to take them all but as it was a first attempt by your editor for such a proj ect we made a few mistakes. We were changing film and missed Cerar's winning Side Horse routine ( the routine pictured in the Olympic edition was taken during the All-Around competition with our robot 35mm sequence camera) . __ we forgot to wind the camera and missed Hayata's Ring routine _ . . we were too far away for the Floor Exercise event to make good enlargements for publishing and the camera just gave up on the Horizontal Bar so we only got a portion of that action_

However, percentage wise we were able to come up with quite a large collection of top routines. In fact we have more than we can make room for in the M.G_ for some time to come. We will therefore publish at least one men's and one women's Olympic finali st routine in each forthcoming edition

of the M_G. and if the interest and time permit perhaps we can put them in book form.

The next eight pages show Endo's Gold Medal Parallel Bar exercise and Caslavska's Uneven Bar routin e_ Caslavska was in the lead going into the finals and it looked like another Gold Medal for the Olympic All­Around champ, but with a miss (pictured on this page) on her pirouette ca tch she became an also ran for the event.

CASLA VSKA'S OLYMPIC U EVEN BAR ROUTINE (page 24)

Mount: running start, jump to a free front tuck double roll . . . cast to a stoop sale circle, regrasp High Bar with upper grip , legs in straddle position, % twist on HB ... drop to single leg knee hang on Low Bar with single leg kip and immediate front split circle ___ regrasp HB on upward swing, lift trailing leg over LB to a momentary deep arch hang _ . _ double leg lift to a tuck stand

push on LB to body extended behind HB under HB to circle stand on LB . . . jump to a stradd le back cut catch to extended cast to a stomach whip on LB ... immediate whip back to a full pirouette catch on HB . .. immediate drop to LB straddle glide snap catch to regrasp on HB to a straddle thru sit on LB ... arch snap kip to HB, imm e­diate cas t to a straddle sole circle on HB with a % twist cas t over LB to hip circle LB . _ . immediate leg raise over LB with Ih twist grasp HB with under grip to a momentary al'ch position kip to HB and flan ge to straddle hecht over LB.

Endo's winning P. Bar routine (next page) Peach handstand, lay-away, front ri se Stutz, cast, straddle cut to 'L", ho ll ow back press (bent arms), basket % hand­stand lay -away, straelie, Stutz, Cast, Back Stutz, Pirouette, lay-away front rise, front off Y2 twist.

.. Caslavska in a fu ll twist no catch t o a no go ld medal

CARBON COpy By HER B VOGEL Wom ens Coach

Southern I l lino is Un ivers ity, Ca rbonda le, II I.

ADVANCED GYMNASTICS FOR WOMEN NEW SKI LL DEVELO PMENT SE RI ES

R (Wea k range for most g irls-needed f or in itia­I t ion of kip movement and long swing .

(continued from lost edition) I. ARMS, SHOULDERS, AND CHEST:

28

M ost w ill no t have t est ing equi pm ent so t es ts using exercises, st reng thened by emphasiz ing wea k ra nges of mo­t ion as found in each ind iv idua l. Eac h letter designates a spec i f ic ra nge of motion.

E.

t R

(Allow to come t hrough)

III. STOMACH: Eac h exerc ise specif ic to a movement ra nge.

II. WRIST AN D FOREA RM ACT ION NEE DED IN KIP: a lso port ne r gets work on wri st a nd fo rea rm action used in back h ip circ le, f ree hi p c i rcle, back kips, etc. Gives addi ­tiona I exercise to b iceps and t riceps.

Reverse action

R . B.

·!I\ t , ~l~_

G. (Weak range f or most gi r ls-necessary f or fin ­ish of kip action)

~J:J .. -~-.~ -fIaL

c.

IY. ~ACK AND HIP :

Exercise A: Raise leg 4 to 6 inches leg !ift as operator ho lds static.

Exercise B: Ra ise leg 8 to 10 inches a s operator ho lds static .

Exercise C: Ra ise leg as h igh as possible, t hen back off a few inches, t hen begi n exe rcise.

STATIC EXERCISES APPLIED TO GLIDE KIP

Sequence 1 through 6-Exe rcise I A, B, C, 0 Exerc ise II A, B, C

Sequence 6-Exerc ise I A, B Exercise IV A, B, C

Sequence 7-8-9 Exerc ise I A, B Exe rcise III A, B, C

Sequence 10 through 14-Exe rcise I A, B, C, 0 , F, G Exerc ise II Exe rc ise III A, B, C Exercise IV A, B, C

7;- 8.- 9.

29

A.

PLATFORMS In additi on to the "Slope" as an aid in

the teachin g of tum bli ng element s (MG. Fe b. '65 1, also other co ml; in ati ons of equip­ment will be helpful in the speeded up de­ve lopm ent of des ired skill s.

Whil e th e landing wi th full y extended body. followin g a head-s prin g and a hand­spr ing fo rwa rd, is usuall y taught and em­pha5ized only after a landing has been se­cured in a bent-or straddled stand , research proj ec ts point out that although it is more diffi cult to la nd wit h fu ll kn ee-and hip-

extension, it is nevertheless learned in a much shorter time if it is approached di ­

rectl y. The diffi culty of mechanics in the direct

approach ( to land in extend ed stand with " layout") can be eliminated by arranging for a lower landin g surface compared to the level on which the ro tation was ini­tiated. In this situation the height differ­ence in the levels will co mpensate for the lack of elevat ion in the take-off or for the insufficient s peed in the rotation .

The illust rations (A & B) show a com­bina tio n of VAU LTING BOXES and mats to provide such an e levated platform for head-and hand-sp rings. While at the head-

Helpful hints

l' .I

by "Jim" Farkas, lnstmctor 0/ Ph ysical Edu cation , 0/ The Milwaukee Tumers ,

Wisconsin

B. spring (A) it is advantageous to take off a Iso from a lower leve l before sup porting on the p latform; a t the hand-spring (B) it would e ncourage the bending of arms.

c.

30

Therefore a longer platform must be pro­vided to make the approach possible on the same level with the hand-support.

Illustrati on " C" shows a si mi lar p rin ­ciple applied for the teaching of aerial walkover forward. A rolled-up mat wi II not on ly compensate for insufficient height and rota tion but it wi ll actually increase the e levati on from the toke-off by pro­viding a non-horizontal surface on which the direction of forward acting fo rces can be ea sily altered .

These platfarms (A, B, Cl will easily teach the correc t landing positions, how­ever a s soon a s these pos itions appear satisfactory the he ight d ifference be tween the take -off and landing levels must be gradually e leminated.

QUESTIONS and

POINTERS A~

~

HOP PIROUETTE TO HA IDSTAND: The action for the hop pirouette to hand­

stand starts much sooner than for a nor­mal hop pirouette. The start in volves a han d and a nn thrust agai nst the bars (bo th arms at the same time push direct ly downward causing th e body to sprin g off the bars ) . followed immed iately by a rapid half turn of the body with the hands preceding the rest of the body dur ing the half turn. Re­grasp the bars quickly and firml y, and sti ck (hold fast) . The swing prior to the hop pirouette should be slightly more forceful than the normal swing to a han dstand.

Criticism of thi s sequence seri es is th at I did not pu sh against the bars quite force­fully enough prior to the twist, which caused my body to be relatively low during the turn and which al so prevented me from regr asping. simu lt aneously with both hands.

Remember- Sta rt action earl y, arms thrust aga inst bars, lwist ra pidly, and regrasp firmly (bo th hands at approx imately same ti me) .

Dear Readers : 10 letter is an swered specifically in thi s

issue of the :VLG., I rece ive many letters each month with dupl icate inquiries about gymnasti c movements. In thi s months col­umn I have taken the most formidabl e re­quests to present in my article " Qu es tions and Pointers". I have select ed the " Hop pirouette to handstand " illld t he "Swing reverse pirouette to handstand". A.S.·

P.S. Unfor tunately Mr. S undby was low on film the day I dropped into the rvLG. office to have him shoot these Graph Check photos. We could not make retakes to make sure it was just the way I wanted to present it to you. However my mistakes are ex­plained in the copy wi th corrections.

SWING REVERSE PIRO UETT E TO HA lDSTAND :

The still reverse pirouette should be mas­tered prior to learn in g thi s movement since the ac tion is ve ry similar. The turn should start just prior to the handstand position. In th is sequence photograph I start ed the turn too ea rl y ca using me to lean excessively over my hands so compensa te for th e incor­rect s tart. The turn should begin with the bod y 5 to 10 0 from handstand pos ition . The shoulder initiates the turn , followed by a push from the left arm aga inst the bar to develop more momentum for the turn , wh ich should be rapid. The body remains arched throughout the turn. 1£ the pi rouette is fast the body does not have a chance to falloff balance. The swin g should not be more powerful than the normal swing to a hand stand.

Remember- Easy swin g, late turn , left shoulder leads, left ann push, quick pir­ouette, body arched, and stop in handstand.

Frank Endo 12200 SOUTH BERENDO

LOS ANGELES, CALIF., 90044

SHOES and HANDGRIPS

The finest all-around gymnastic canvas shoes avai lable today . Worn by U.S. and

Internationa l Champions. Elastic straps across the top provides for that perfect ..;nug fit and appearance. Soles made o f

lo ng-wea ring white rubber. Order same size as your street shoes or draw outline of f oot on paper f o r correct size. In whi te onty. Atl sizes. Price is $2.50 per pair, ppdl-

OTHER PRODUCTS

WOMEN'S GYM SHOES ........ $2. 15 pro ppd. Canvas with leather soles. Sizes 2 - 10.

NYLON BOOTY ...... $1.85 ppd . Wit h leather soles. W hite. Sizes 3 - 1 1.

WOODEN RtNGS ... .. ........ . $22.50 ppd. Meets all spec ifications.

TUMBLtNG TRUNKS White, Rayon, Satin.

.... .. $2. 50 .ppd .

SUPPORTER BRIEF ....... ........ .... $ 1.60 ppd . A new strap less supporter 2-way stretch e lastic. W h ite . Sizes: S, M, & L.

COTTON GYM SHtRT .... .... $2.95 ea . ppd. Has adjustoble supporter flop with buttons. White in color. Stote chest size.

ALL-LEATH ER SHOES ........ $4.00 pr o ppd . Sizes 5 - 12.

LEATHER HANDGRIPS ........ $1.40 pro ppd. (GOOD) As illustra ted above. Sma ll , Medium & Lorge.

ONE PC. HANDGRIPS .. ....... $1.75 pro ppd . (Better) Mode entire ly f rom one piece o f white leather.

CHAMPIONSHtP HANDGRIPS .. .............. .. . .... $2 .00 pro ppd. (Best) Worn by Internat ional

Champions.

WHtTE STRETCH PANTS .$9.50 pro ppd. Knitted fabric with elastic waistband. State waist and inseam measurements.

NYLON GYM PANTS ... ..... $T4.25 pro ppd. Finest stretch pants.

TOKYO OLYMPIC FILMS 8mm in colo r

See the finest gymnasts in the world in action, per form ing the compulsory and optiona l routines. Many new tricks a r e seen for the first time. Inc ludes the win­ning routines and portion of the beaut i ­ful Opening Ceremony.

Women's fi lm - opti o nal rout ines only . Men-'400 ft. (35mm.) $20.00 ppd. Women- 170 ft. 15 min.) $ 14 .00 ppd.

IMMEDIATE DELIVERY

31

{ I

By Jess

It is not uncommon to meet a trampo­linist who has never learned a front or back ka boom_ Sin ce kabooms are se ldom used in competition many coaches feel it is a waste of time" working on them. In cases where a limited time can be spent on tram­poline beca use of studies or other acti vities perhaps they are right. We have never been confronted with th is probl em and therefore can 't honestl y say that all availabl e time shouldn 't be spent working toward the ul­timate goal-a competiti ve routine. For us, however, kabooms have proven to be a ver y valuable part of our trampolin e pro­gram.

F irst of all , kaboom s are fun. Once cor­rec tly learned they are quite effortl ess to perform. Our trampolinists turn ka boo ms

Robinson

whil e res ting an d before ge lling off· the tram poline just for fun . These extra somer­saults help develop a keen kinesthetic sense.

Secondl y, kabooms supply additional stunts to challenge the performer 's ability. Once a barany is learned, a front kaboom barany is not difficult to master and the same applies to many other slunts. Each new stunt gives a sense of accOlnplishment and as long as the trampolinist is learning he maintains interest.

Third , quite often a new trick will be learned first from kaboom position and is then easy to perform from fee t. F or example, we prefer to teach the double front kaboom ( from stomach, double head under to back drop I before a l: )tI. front somersault from feet. On ce bed is spotted during double

front kaboom the 1% is usually perfor'med correctly on first attempt eliminating danger of overturning.

And last, swinging into and out of ka­booms is easier than swin ging feet to feet somersault s. Therefore, performer gains con­fid ence swinging kabooms and swinging other somersault doesn't seem so difficult.

FRO NT KABOOMS To learn front kaboom begin by perfect­

ing stomach drop in layout position. Then start in fir st quarter of trampoline bed and jun.p backwards onto back half of bed, landing in layout position with chest strik­ing bed before legs ( feet should be approx­imately six inches above bed when chest lands) . Do not bend knees_ If landing is correct, kaboom action will make it almost imposs ible to come directly back to feet a fter stomach drop. Once this forward ac­tion is felt, try kaboom to handstand by keeping shoulders down to bed after land-

Our thanks t o George Hery, Wor ld Professional Trampoline Champion f er these pictures.

FRONT KABOOMS

FRONT KABOOM TO HANDSTAND-First step in learning front kaboom. Land in layout position w it h chest contacting bed before legs. Momentum f or somersau lt is acquired by legs striking bed. Knees need not bend to get kaboom action.

FRONT KABOOM TO FEET-Once front kaboom to handstand is perfected a tuck after legs st ri ke bed should give performer front ka­boom to feet . Jumping backwards to stomach w ill make legs strike bed harder giving a better kaboom action.

DOUBLE FRONT KABOOM-I f front kaboom is consistantl y performed t o feet a double front kaboom (1 Y2 somersault) can be executed by ho lding tuck . Eventua l ly perfo rmer shou ld spot bed before landing as shown in frames 4 and 5.

BACK KABOOMS

BACK KABOOM-As in front kaboom, body shou ld be in layout posi tion before landing. Shou lders m ust strike bed before legs in order to execute a good kaboom. First attempts should be tried in spot tina belt .

BACK KABOOM WITH FULL TWIST-When performed correctly body mechanics of this stunt shou ld be same as in back with full twist, f eet to feet. George sees trampoline bed in third frame and watches it until he lands.

DOU BLE BACK KABOOM--One of many stunts which can be performed from back as well as from feet. Twisting kabooms and double kabooms with twists ore not difficult t o perform once kaboom is learned.

in g on stomach. Do not bend at waist from stomach drop to handstand. When this is accomplished, a tuck after legs strike bed in kaboom , should result in front kaboom to feet. Remember that entire leg should be used to strike bed in kaboom.

Many stunts normally performed from fee t can also be done from front kaboom position although it is more diffi cult to twist from stomach than from feet. Several club members have performed a 1% twist­ing front kaboom to feet and double twist to back landin g but no one has qualified a 2% twist ing front kaboom to feet. Doubles with twists such as barany- in and baTany· out have been done and Steve Lerner made a Rudolph out fliffi s. Some club members have put their head under three times from front kaboom, wh ich is actuall y a forward 2% somersault.

BACK KABOONI To get correc t action for back kaboom,

practice starting in back quarter of tram­poline bed and jump to forward portion of bed to corpse pos ition. Then jump forward as if to corpse but land with shoulders firs t, legs second (feet should be approxi­mately a foo t off of bed when shoulders hit). Do not pike, land in layout position, and again we stress-be certain shoulders land on bed fir st. When kaboom action is felt we suggest first attempt at so mersa ult be in spo ttin g belt. Do not rush kaboom , kick bed with ent ire back of leg before tuckin g. After kick a tuck and a back·

ward look for bed should result in back kaboom.

Twists up to triples are no more diffi­cult in back kaboom than from feet take­off and a number of doubl es with twist s can be executed backwards from back. Our club members enjoy perform in g back ka · boom s with kick (or kip ) and can do some fantastic things with the extra bounce (see this month's unusual stunt) .

GEORGE H ERY

George Hery, visiting Los Angeles before reporting for his lIew position on the East Coast, brought in his trampoline training film. It is very well done. George performs many stun ts normally used in routines film ed . at both regular speed and in slow motion. Film is designed to be cut and sp liced into loops so that stunts may be viewed and studied many times in succes­sion.

George performs the following stunts : front and back somersault s ; barany, Ru· dolph, back with full and double twists; double back; barany out an d barany in flif· fus; 1 :)4 front somersault to bailout, bar­any baJl out and Rud olph bailout; :JtI back to cody and l Y, hack to doubl e cody.

The 125 foot film se lls at S2S.00. Those interested can write Trampoline Inc. and we wi ll see that George receives your cor· respondence.

RECORD OF THE Ma l TH 20 Front Kabooms (front somersaults

from stomach to s tomach ) performed by Rick Sayers of Burbank.

UNUSUAL TUNT OR WILD RO UT INE A Qauffis? Delvin DuNley, al so of Bur·

bank , wi th a kick (o r kip I on the Aus· tralian trampoline bed, from a back kaboom landing performed a back with half twist and then put his head under three times forward before landing-a 3'h somersault wi th % twist (head under four times) . Del· vin did thi s s tunt half a dozen tim es b ~ · fore decidin g it reall y wasn' t worth while.

JUDY WILLS Judy Wills recently learn ed a double

cody. As far as we' know she is the first girl to perform this stunt. Congratulations, Judy.

CHARTS STILL AVAILABLE We have had many requests for the point

valued fundamental tri cks (143 of them) listed on charls according to va lue. These charts are st ill available at no charge. Send a stamped self addressed enve lope ' to Je,.s Robinson, clo Trampolin e In c .. 4207 II" Magnolia Blvd., Burbank, Cal if.

Any News? Send Ilt'\\':-- (If intt'n':--! til Irallq ndi ni :,t:-­

' " JI'S, ]{,!uin , ,,n. rill Traillpolin, · In ... . ·)207 \\"",1 .\I a~ n , di a Ilhd .. Burha nk. Calif.

33

NOTES FROM A NEUROTIC JUDGE

by Roy Davis " Here we go 'round the briar pat~h" After a lot of talking and a few letters

and a recent inspiration and a lot of pro· crastin ation which none of yo u know any· thing about , the MODERN GYM AST has a judging column written by yours truly (which should be obvious), Roy Davis. Thf titl e is indicative of the coherence and logic with which this proj ect will normall y be pursued. Pl ease rea lize that on any given day thi s column could be loaded with gems of wisdom or burdened with tri via which one co uld possibly interpret as the product of an unbalanced mind. It is our ea rnest hope to make inore sense than nonsense, but at the same time to provide the reader with a clear and somewhat enjoya bl e repast for his judging appetite.

Judging can be enjoyable, challenging, mise rable, or positively maddening. In view of the new FIG and the many misinterpre· tations which it permits, I suspect that many have had a somewhat fru stratin g time of it lately. Through the communica tion po· tential of th e MG, this column can help to clarify issues and provide some contino uity throughout our country. The MG reaches many areas in the U.S. If these areas honestly wish to progress and pro· mote the s port, then they can take an act ive part in that growth by submitting materi al and problems to thi s column to take advan· tage of the many opinions of the growing list of subscribers (which includes virtually every influential coach and teachcr in the U.S.). Being rather limited in energy and inte llect, I cannot hope to solve every prob· lem and answe r every question submitted. However , there are many people who might lik e to tackle a ti cklish problem or at least submit · an opinion. The task of ga therin g that opinion will be up to me. They say (don't ask me who) that patience is a vir· tu e. Accept it and practice it. I may not write sweet little personal r eplies to peo ple submitting questions, but I will do my bes t to mention them or include them somehow in the business of thi s column . If I inad· vertently include the opinion of my analyst, then accep t his ideas as those of an inter· es ted but technically untrained laym an and discard them if yo u don' t agree with them. You are free to do that with my op inions also, but if so, be careful when you open the next parcel arr iving in the mail.

Since thi s column originates in Northern California, it wi ll refl ect the guiding philos· ophy prevalent in that area- which under· lines one of the problems in U.s. gymnas· ti cs: sma ll but consistent differences through· ou t the na t ion. Each area seems to have a characteristi c which makes some performers and coaches bite their nails whil e others laugh gleefully. P erhaps these diffe. rences are justifiable and beneficial. P erhaps they are a source of discontent. P erhaps they don't exist. What do you think ? If such differences do exist, then th is column can help to iron them out. I would grea tl y ap· precia te it if each area would submit printed minut es of each meetin g to this column and at the same time agree to discuss rec· ognized specific universal problems at their area meetin gs. Such universal problems will be sugges ted in thi s column. The com muni· cation potenti al is tremendous. 1any prob· lems could be handl ed neat ly, quietl y, and finally if each area cooperates full y. What do you think ?

"Comp liment s of Northern California" They don' t kn ow it but they are a bout to

become famou s (or infamous). Herewith,

below, nex t and underneath is a copy of the Constitution and By·Laws of the orthern California Gymnastics Official s Association. It may not be a perfect instrument (South· erners and Yankees alike will agree that ye olde U.s. Constitution has flaws too.) , but it works pretty welL It may serve as a suitable guide for young judge's orga:1i· za tlOns who may be cutting tee th (or pulling them). Good luck!

NORTHERN CALIFORNIA GYMNASTICS OFF ICIALS ASSOCIATION

CONSTITUTION ARTICL£ I

Name The name of thi s association shall be : the

Northern Cal ifornia Gymnastics Association .

ARTICLE II Purpose

The purpose of the Association is to or· ganize and certify all active officials, see that modern meth ods of evaluat ing and jud o-· ing are maintained, and promote the grow~l and elevate the quality of gymnasti cs in northern California.

ARTICLE III Membership

Membership is limited to those officials in good standin g who abide by the rules of the Constitution. An offic ial can become a member by filin g an application with the Recording Secretary. All applica tions are acted upon by the Executive Comm ittee. A member in good standing must conform to the followin g regulations:

A. Attendance- Each member must attend at least 75 per cen t of all meetings. In the event of ex tenuatin g circumstan ces, the Ex· ecutive Committee will rule on the good standing of the member.

B. Dues-Each member must pay annual membership dues as defined in the By·Laws.

C. Honorary Lije Membership- Honorary life membership shall be awarded to indiv· iduals who, by their serv ice to gy mnastics, are nominated for this award. Granting of thi s award shall be subj ect to the approval vote of two·thirds of the members pl esent at any regular mee tin g. Any member in good standing may make a nomination.

ARTICLE IV Officers

Section I - Officers of the Associati on shall be a Pres ident, Vice· Pres iden t, Record· ing Secretary, Treasurer, and a Certifi ca tion Chairman.

Section 2- All officers shall be elected by secret ballot a t the last meeting of the As· sociation for the academic year, and shall hold office for a term of one yea r.

Section 3-Vacancies in any offi ce shall be fill ed by temporary appointments by the President followed by an election at the next regul ar Jll ee ti ng.

Section 4- The Executi ve Com mittee shall be composed of the Pres ident, Vice·Pres i· dent , Recording Secretary, Treasurer , Cer· tifi ca tion Cha irm an, and the two most reo cent past presidents.

ARTICLE V Duties of Officers

Sec,tion I- President A. He shall preside at all Association

meetings. B. He shall , with the approval of the

Executive Committee, appoint all committee chairman.

C. He shall appoint a Nominating Com· mittee, and this committee's li st of candi· dates shall be submitted to the members prior to the last annual meetin g of the Asso· ciat ion.

D. He shall co·sign with the Treasurer all di sbursement checks.

Section 2- Vice Pre3ident A. He shall preside at Association meet·

ings in the absence of the President. B. He shall inform all members of the

time, place, and program of each meeting. C. He shall keep an up·to·date directory

fi le of all current members. D. He shall be responsible for maintain·

ing the Association's Cons titution and By· Laws in a current status.

Section 3- R ecording S ecretary A. He shall keep Minutes of all meet·

ings and shall see that each member r eo ce ives a copy of the l'vlinutes of each meet· ing.

B. He receives all applications for memo bership and submits them to the Executive Com mittee.

C. He shall assign all judges for loca l dual mee ts and local tournaments.

D. He will maintain a record of attend· andce at all Assoc iation meetin gs.

Section 4--Treasu.rer A. He shall collect membership dues

and issue mem bership cards. 8. He shall co·sign with the President

all disbursement checks. C. He shall present a ve rbal fin ancial

report to the membership at each business meeting, and he shall submit a written fi· nancial report to the Executive Committee at the final business meeting of the academic yea r.

Section 5- Certiiication Chairman A. He shall o~gani ze, plan, and admin ·

ister the instructi onal part of each meeting. B. He shall be respon sible for plan·

nin g the procedures for examinin g, class· ifying, and certifying all members.

C. He shall make the result s of the certifi ca tion and classi{iction cxamination avai labl e to the Association.

D. He shall sign and distribute certi· fi ca tion cards to all members who have ful · fill ed the requirements.

E. He shall main tain the confidential fil e on rat in gs of judges by the coaches.

ARTICLE VI Meetings

Sect ion I - Meetings of the Association shall be held four times during the aca· demic year, and the ca lendar dates for these meetin g;s shall be determined by th e Exec· utive Comm ittee.

Section 2- lt is recommended that the sites of the mee tin gs be r otated in the fol · low ing areas throughout each academi c year : San J ose area, West Bay area, East Bay area , and the Sacramento area.

Section 3-A ll meetings of the Asso~ i " ti on shall be conducted according to Roberts Rules oj Order.

Section 4-A maj ority of the acti ve mem· bershi p present at a regul ar meetin g shall constitute a quorum.

ARTICLE VII Amendments

Section I - This Const itution may be amended a t any meeting by a two·thirds vo te of the members present. The proposed amend ment must have been submitted in writing to the Associa tion at a previous meeting.

Secti on 2- By·Laws · lllay be amended or repealed at any lll ee tin g by a majority vo te of th e membership present.

BY·LAWS ARTICLE I

Dues The annual dues shall be two dollars

(82.00 ) and shall be payabl e on or before the fir st mee ting of the academic year.

ARTICLE II Disbursement of Funds

Section I-Disbursement of the Associa­tion funds shall be limited to the follo wing:

A. Stamps and stationery necessary to Association business.

B. Printin g of membership cards and mimeographin g.

Section 2- The authori zation of furth er di sbursement of Association fund s shall be by approval of a majority of the Executive Committee.

ARTICLE III Certification of Jud ges

Section I-Certification of judges will be accomplished through procedures established by the Certification Chairman.

Section 2- Each judge must officiate a minimum of five meets annually, at least two of which must be commensurate with his classification. If he fail s to meet thi s minimum, he cannot improve his certifi ca­tion until the following year.

Section 3- Each judge shall be rated by participating coaches in dual and champion­ship meets. Rating forms shall be forwarded to the Certification Chairman. These rating form s shall be confidential to the Certifica­tion Chairman and can be made available to the individual judge upon request.

ARTICLE IV Assignmen t of Judges

Section I - The Recording Secretary must accompan y each assignment with a return postcard. The judge must return this card within two days. If the card is not re turned, the Recording Secretary shall assume the assignment was not received and another judge will be assigned.

Section 2- Judges who cannot mee t a judging assignment must notify the Record­ing Secretary at least ten (10) days in ad­vance so a substitute can be obtained.

Section 3-Special req uests by coaches for judges in dual mee ts and tournaments should be considered in makin g assignments.

Section 4-In order to facilitate assign­ment of judges each coach shall submit his schedule to the Recording Secretary at the fir st mee ting of the academic year.

Section S-Failure to appear for a judg­ing assignmen t shall be considered a seri­ous breach of ethi cs and shall be referred to the Executive Committee for rev iew. The errant judge shall forfeit a 135.00 penalty fee , payable to the Treasurer. It shall be the responsibility of the judge to send a le t­ter of apology to the coaches involved. He may make a writt en appeal to the Executive Committee for refund of the penalty_ The Exe~ut i ve Committee may cancel all remain­in g assignm ents for the academic year.

ARTICLE V Fee Policy for Judges

Section I- Beginning in academic year 1964-65, each judge assigned by this Asso­ciation shall be paid for his services ac­cording to the following minimum fee sched­ule :

A. High School: Dual !vl eet-SIO

B. College:

C. Independent:

Tournament-SIS Cham pion shi p-SIS Dual Meet-SIS Tournament-S20 Cham pionshi p-S20

1. Age Group to 18 yea rs-same as High School

2. Age Group including adult open competition-same as College

Section 2~Dejinitions. A. Dual !vl ee t:

1. Up to and including 10 men per event and

2. Three schools or less B. Tournament:

1. More than 10 men per event or 2. More than three schools

C. Champi~nship: Any contest in which a team champion is determined. (Constitution and ByLaws with amendments as of January 1, 1964. )

FIGilemma "FIGilemma" or clarifying the definiti ons: Nissen and the AA U both printed trans­

lations of the FIG. There were some alarm­ing differences; albeit one could only con­clude that someone erred. Brilliant! Solu­tion to the mystery: call Jack Webb, Agent 007, Sherlock Holmes, and Stan Freber g. None of them could come because of pre­vious committments: Their notes were on elegant stationary from Russia with love.

Sam Baillie called an emergency meetin g in Tucson immediately afte~ Christmas. The substitutes assembled and among them was one genuine article; Mr. Irwin Volze. HE had some important answers . .. !vlake the followin g changes :

DEFINITION OF EVENTS Article V

I - Parallel bars .. . the exercise must contain at least one B part below or above the bars in which the grip is momenta r ily released and ...

(Th is translation is almost consistent with the NCAA rules for 1965. The NCAA Rules are worded: " ... at least one part below and one B part above the bars in which the grip is momen-tarily release . . ."). .

In view of the fact that this difference is significant, the Tucson group voted to adhere to the most widely published and influential se t of rules, the NCAA. How­ever, one can expect a clarification of thi s discrepancy soon after the NCAA Rules committee meets in March. (l hope) . Regarding the other descriptions of events,

there are no significant differences in the two tran slated versions (AAU and ' issen) , but the NCAA ring description differs from both translations. Because the tran slations were not available at the t ime the NCAA rules committee met last year, they made no changes in the ring req uirements. The FIG added, however (and this is where judging gets maddenin g), that a swing handstand may be " ... from a hangin g position, or an inverted hang, or a half-inver ted han g." THIS change will be discussed in the nex t column. Any ideas will be welcomed.

The remainder of the descriptions are as follows (according to AAU translation) :

1. Parallel bars Swing, flight, strength , and holds (s tati c parts) . The swing and fli ght phases should predominate. The exercise must contain at least one part in vo lvin g strength and one B component execut ed over or under the hand grips by simul­taneous release of grips. There can be no more than three stops according to Art. 6B 3 e.

2. Horizontal Bar Exclusively swinging movements with no stop, offering a combination of giant turns with other va riations, or high­value connecting movements.

3. Side horse Exclusively sw inging movements with no stop , passes of one and both legs, sc issors forward and rearward one of which, at least, must be double. Ci rcles of both legs must predominate in the exercise ,and the three parts of the horse must be us\;.d. For the compulsory exer­cise, circles of both legs in the opposite direction may be considered.

4. Rings Combined m 0 v e m e n t s of swingin g, strength, and holds (s tati c part s ) , with­out swaying of the rings. The exercise must includ e at least two handstands, of which one must be through strength , and the other in a swing from a hanging pos ition, or an in ve rted hang, or a half­inverted hang. In addition , it must in ­clude at least one hold of pronounced difficulty , such as the free front hor i­zontal support , the cross, the in ve rted cross or others.

5. Floor exercise The fl oor exercise must form a har­monious and rh ythmic whole, through alternating elements involving suppleness and strength , holding and balance. With shift s in differen t directions, kips, jumps, and handstands. Abusive repetitions are to be avoided as are transitions and poses that are too simple, and superfluou s take-off steps. The duration of the fl oor exerc ise is 70 sec. maximum , and fifty sec. mini­mum, and the limits of the 12 x 12 meter area cann ot be gone beyond .

6. Long horse vault The type, diffi culty, execution as well as the value of the jumps are covered by Art. 8, page 17.

Please submit all mail to the folkwin g address : Mr. Roy Davis, 715 Laurel St. , San J ose, California 95126.

Name of group

l'I'lailin g address

OHicel'5:

Meeting Dat es :

1 I

I jf an ex tra constitution is available , please !

enclose it.

"WHAT'S THE

SCORE?"

Il l' J tlTy \\' right :)a ll Frallci,cu ' ::itak Cullege

From all preliminary indicat ions it would appear that the top teams throughout the collegiate ranks ore as f ollows:

Region I Penn Stat e and David L ipscomb. Region 2 Michigan and Southern Illinois Region 3 Iowa State and Air Force Region 4 Wash ington and San Fernando Look t o see Penn State and Washington meet

in the fina ls at Southern. Illinois with Penn Sta t e the easy winner.

Eleventh Annual UCLA Invitational Host: A rt Shurl ock

San Fernando Va lley St ate Col lege dominated the II th Annual UCLA Inv itational Gymnas­tics championships held Feb . 13, 1965.

Dan Garcia of LA State won the all -a round, and Fl oor Exercise. Bill Nash o f LA State won the Side Horse. Bruce Foo t of Lang Beach Sta te captured the T rampo l ine. Rust y Rock of SFV won the High Bar and Paral lel Bars and Rings. Bill Goffaney o f LA State won the Long H orse and Minni Inouye of Long Beach State ti ed with Rock for first on the rings.

Results FX : 2. John Gardener, 9.25; 3. Rust y Rock,

8.75. SH: 2. Dan Garcia, 8.10; 3. Gene Spind­ler, San Diego, 7.95. Tramp : 2. John Gardener, 3. Clayton Chri smon, Cal Poly, 8.75. High Bar: 2. Dan Garcia, 8.85; 3. Terry Galbraith, 8.70. Long Horse : 2. Dan Garcia , 9. 10; 3. Rust y Rock, 9.00. Parallel Bars: 2. Dan Garc ia , 8 .85; 3. John Gardener, 8.70. Still Rings : 3. John Mogginett i , SFV, 9.00 All-Around: I . Dan Gar­cia, LA State, 53 . 15; 2 . Rust y Rock, SFV, 51.80; 3. John Magginett i, SF V, 49.90; 4. John Gar­dener, SF V , 49.45; 5. Tad Sakam ot o, UCLA, 46.95.

INLAND EMPIRE CHAMPIONSHIPS The In land Empire championships were hosted

by Kennew ick High Schoo l at Kennewick, Wash­ington thi s yea r with the top team being Eastern Wa sh ington State.

Team : I. Eastern Washington St ate; 2. Wash­ington State Universi t y; 3. Cheney Gym Club; 4. Woshington State Frosh. Free Exercise : 1. Don Funderburg , EWSC; 2. Steve Woodward, EWSC; 3. Bob Slack, WSU. Trampoline : I. Dan W inters, EWSC; 2. Toby Ell iott, WSU Frosh; 3. Jon Warren, WSU Frosh . Parallel Bars : I , Steve Woodward, EWSC; 2 . Jon Thorne, EWSC; 3 . Dave Miller, WSU. Still Rings : I . Steve Woodward, EWSC; 2. Mike Hanavan, WSU; 3. Ted Bryan, EWSC. All -Around : I. Steve Woodward , EWSC, 44 .69; 2. Dave Mil ler, WSU, 39.99; 3, Mike Hanavan, WSU, 39.53 . Side Horse: I . Mike Garv in , EWSC; 2. Jay Shaw, WSU; 3. Dave Miller, WSU, Horizontal Bar: I. Stev e Woodward, EWSC; 2 . Jay Shaw, WSU; 3. Mike McCarthy, WSU Frosh. Long Horse : I. Steve Woodward, EWSC; 2, Jay Shaw, WSU; 3, Chuck Messenger, EWSC.

CENTENNIAL LEAGUE GYMNASTICS CHAMPIONSHIPS

The Annua l Centennial League Gymnastics Meet was he ld on Feb. 5, 1965 at Seaman High School in Topeka , Kansas. The League is com­posed of seven schools: Atchinson, Seaman (of Topeka), Washburn Rural (of Topeka), Hayden (of Topeka ), Highland Park (of Topeka ), Shaw­nee Heights (of Topeka ), and Leavenworth , all situated in Northeast Kansas.

MEET RESU L TS Team Score: I .Atchinson, 66; 2 . Seaman, 53V2; 3. Washburn , 18 V2; 4. Highland, 16; 5 . Shaw­nee, 0; 6, Hayden , 0; 7. Levenworth, O. Floor Exercise : I . Steve Kinder, HP; 2, Don Bridges , A ; 3 . Edd ie Thomason, A . Side Horse: I. Steve Thomas, Se; Bob Fast , A ; 3. Steve Sutley, A. Trampoline: I , Don Seym our, A; 2 . George Kneen , WR; 3. Paul Johnson, Se. . High Bar: I . Steve Thomas, Se; 2. Ron . Bridges, A; 3. Mike McDerned, A ; 3. Wayne Miller , Se. Parallel Bars: I . Di ck Martin, Se; 2 . Mike Mc Dermed, A; 3. Don Bridges, A. Still Rings: I . Kirk Gardner, A; 2 . Dick Martin, Se; 3, Roosevelt Wa llace, HP . Tumbling : I. Jerry Anderson , WR; 2 . Don Br idges, A; 3 . Kar l Garner, Se,

36

FOURTH ANNUAL FOR NORTHERN CALIFORNIA HIGH SCHOOL CHAMPIONSHIPS

Saturday n ight, Feb. 20th, Enterprise High School hosted the Fourth Annual Far N orthern Ca l if. Gymnastic League Championships. The league cons ists of Del N orte H ,S, of Crescent City, Eureka H .S., Yreka Union H .S, and En­terprise H igh School of Reddmg.

In Girl ' s Dual Meet Competition, Eureka was undefeated. Enterprise finished second and Del N orte Third ,

Since the Boys' Dual Meet Competition ended in a three way tie f o r first place between Eureka, Enterprise,. and Yreka, the meet S~t­urday was t o deC ide not onl y the t op five competitors in each event, but the top school in the league as well.

Each schoo l ente red its three t op perform­ers in eac h event and supp l ied one judge. Also judging were Emory Spring , former Hungarian gymnast s Alex and Marta Varga , and former Sou thern Calif. A ll -Around Champion Terry Healey.

When the meet was ove r and the tie fin­a ll y broken, Enterprise wa s declared the win­ner with 54 points. Eureka was second with 48 and Yreka third with 34.

Besides medals for the first three places and ribbol)S for fourth and fifth , trophies were given t o the gi rl and boy scoring the most points. They went to Bonny Garri son of Eur­eka and Jerry Shirley of linterpri se.

Wadsworth and Martin led their prospec­tive teams in the boys div ision with Wads­worth of Eureka garnering firsts on the long horse and parallel bars, and Martin of Yreka captured a first in the tumbl ing and a tie for first in FX. Coon of Ent. defeated Shirley on the HB, Martin defeated Lacy of Yreka on the Rope, Clark of Del Norte edged Bean o f Eureka on the trampol ine , Turner o f Eureka narrowly slipped past Bihl o f Enterpr ise on the side horse, and Handly o f Y reka was runner up t o Martin on t he rings . Women 's Division

Garri son won the vault ing and unevens and was runner up on the trampo li ne.

Thompson defeated Cope land of Eureka on the FX, Hager of Del Norte defeated Garrison on the trampoline, Kov ich o f Eureka edged Sattler of Enterprise on t he balance beam and Mi les barely slipped by Thompson of En­terprise in tumb ling. Eureka won the team title with Enterprise second and Del Norte third.

55th ANNUAL NORTHWEST GYMNASTICS CHAMPIONSHIPS

Mankato Sta te captured the "A" class team tit le in the 55 th Annual Northwest Champion­ships held Feb, . 20 , 1965.

Len Thompson o f Mankato led the perform­ers wi th a first in the all-around and a first on the high bar and long h orse and a 2nd on the r ings.

Larry Gleason of t he Gopher A lumni was runner up in the a ll around, and high bar and t hird on the parallel bars.

Tom Arneson also o f the Gopher Alumni won the side horse and the rings, John Tobler cap­tured the FX and was 2nd on the trampoline and long horse . Jerry Hall and Tom Arneson tied for first on the parallel bars, Dale Ander­son won the trampoline t o fin ish out the list of wi nners.

HIGH SCHOOL CLASS " A " DIVISION Lou Riv it of Minneapolis Marshall led his

team to a c0mfortable victory by v irtue o f wins on t he high bar, trampol ine and the all around.

Mark Howell-Univers ity High captured the FX and the tumbling t o edge Roger Neist of A lbert Lea in the former and M . Zenk of Fa irmont in the latter and was 2nd on tram­po l ine and all around.

Gary Nelson of Anoka edged Vern Wi llers of Eau Clai r Memoria l f or the side horse t it le, Dave Stende o f Roosevelt finished ahead of Lou Ri vet and Vern Willers on the rings and Dennis Krossche ll of Marsha ll ba rely edges Stende on the para llel bars.

7th ANNUAL INVITATIONAL Results o f the 1965 Un iversity of Denv er

H igh Schoo l Invitatio'1al Gymnastics meet­March 5-6, 1965,

All-Around : I , Eric Singer, Fairv iew; 2. Terry Truman, Aurora Centra l; 3. Terry Shortt, Was­son; 4. Paul Fallico, Wheatr idge; 5. Kyle Boyce, Abraham L incoln. Free Exercise: 1. Berg, "'Iver Ranum; 2 . Truman, AC; 3. Prou lx, Fairv iew. Side Horse: 1. Edwards, Fairview; 2 . Horvath, AC; 3, Folger , IR. Trampoline : I . Gau thier, A L; 2, Ewing, AL; 3. Krei ger , Thomas Jefferson. High Bar: I. Deist , AC; 2. Pickup, AL; 3. Proulx, Fairview. Long Horse : 1. Dens­low, South; 2. Boyce, AL; 3. Goff , South . Par­allel Bars: I. Singer, Fairv iew; 2 . Beckel, IR; 3. Schanburger, Wasson , Still Rings : I . Doty, S.; 2. Mitts, IR; 3. Strange, A L. Tumbling: I . Boger , A L; 2 . Rose, Fairv iew; 3. Proul x, Fair­v iew.

Team Scores: Fairview, 69; Lincoln, 61 ; Au­ro ra c. , 47; Bonum, 46; Wasson, 28; South, 26.

EASTERN KANSAS REGIONAL HIGH SCHOOL CHAMPIONSHIPS

Lawrence High School captured the Eastern Regional championships held at Olathe High School, Olathe, Kansas on Feb. 13, 1965.

Led by Bob Pierson who captured the Floor Exercise, and still rings, Charl es Beer who won the Side Horse , Roger Hemphill winner of the High Bar, Mike Glover winner of the Par­allel Bars, and Bob Whitaker winner of the Tumbling. The Lawrence team piled up 60 po ints to finish ahead of Olathe w ith 29V2 and At ch ison 16 V2.

Other standouts included Stan Rood who was runnerup in the FX and Tumbling and Don Bridges who was third on the parallel bars and third in the Floor Exerc ise. Other high­l ights inc luded Ron Wesonig-O lathe 2nd on high bar , Randy Mallonee-Olathe,2nd on St ill Rings, Craig Simmons-Topeka West, third on Side Horse , Vi c Haines 3rd on High Bar, Dick Martin-Seaman, 3rd on Still Rings and Ed H ar ­vey 3rd in Tumbling.

FIRST DELAWARE INTERSCHOLASTIC MEET

Norm Lack won two ev ents to lead Brandy­wine High t o a 58V2 t o 21 \12 gymnastics vic­t o ry ov er host Newark. It was the first inter­scho last ic va rsity meet ever held in Delaware.

Lack won the horizo ntal bar routine, scoring 23.4 points and the long horse in 25 .9. He also tied or finished second in the other three events on the cord.

Floor Exercise: 1. Fred Biesinger, Brandywine; 2. N orm Lack, B; 3 . Jeff Moore, Newark, Side Horse: I . Bob McDonald, B; 2. Lack, B; 3 . Moore, Newark. Horizontal Bar: I. Lack , B; 2. Tom Hames, B; 3 . Richard Cerchio, B. Long Horse: I. Lack, B; 2 . Moore, N; 3 . Mike Rob­erts" N. Pa rall el Bars : I. Kaffenberger, B; 2 , (tie) Lack and Cerchio, B,

WISCONSIN OPEN Men's Senior Division

Don Fr iend and Jim Hopper scored impres ­siv e wins in the sen ior div ision as Don won the FX, LH , HB, and All-Around. Jim won the PB and the Sti ll Rings, Jim H ynds was run­ner-up on the SH, PB, HB, and A ll -Around, The F'lint Gymnastic Club won the team title over LaCrosse State Col lege. M en's Junior Division

Charles Flegger led this division with vic ­tori es in the FX, Tumbling, HB, a nd AII­Around. Nei I Little captured the Long Horse, Wolfgang Boez won the Side H orse, Dick Zal­eski won the Parall e l Bars, George Montcast le won the Still Ring s and Wa ll y Kann won the Trampoline. Jack Petri was a constant head­ache as he was 2nd on the HB, PB, and AII ­Around. The team champion was Milwaukee Institute of Tech . Men's High School Division

The Bauer family carted off m ost of the top awards as Dave won the Side Horse, and the All-Around and Scott won the Trampo­line. Gary Kru~ger won the Tumbling , Brian Kanter won the FX, Larry Tayl or, Fred Hanne­man and Mike Sasich tied f or fir st on the Lang Horse and Ron Semanki captured the PB , The team champion was Boy View. Men's Novice Division.

Paul Koepke and Doug Berry led thi s divi ­sion as Paul won the HB and the All -Around, and Doug won the FX and Tumbling . Bruce Harlen won the tram pol ine, Stev e Ferguson won the Lang H orse, Pat Boy won the side Horse James Metcalf won the Para l lel Bars and Mike Zepeda cl osed out the competition by capturing the Still Rings, Team champion was Northwest Chicago Turners. Women' s Senior Division

Linda Metheny of the McKin ley YMCA cap ­tured the FX, BB, Unev ens, Vaulting, and the All-Around, with Lynnell Hennecke winning the Tumbling and Vicki Bollinger the Tramp. Judy Lucas was runner-up in the 88, ~nevens, Vaulting and All-Around. The team title was won by the Milwaukee Turners. Women ' s Junior Division

Barbara Bauer led the Eugstrom Gym Club w ith v icto r ies in the vault ing , FX, and AII­Around. Judy Boettcher won the Unev ens, Pat Felicelli won the Tumbling, Linda Fleck won the Balance Beam, and Bonnie 8asco~ cap­tured the trampoline. The team champIon was the Northwest Chicago Turners. Women 's Novice Division

Heidi Schultz and Diane Bondi led the field as Heidi won the All-Around , Unevens, and Vau lting, and Diane won the 8alc:lnce 8eam and Tumbling and was runner up In the AII­Around. The team champion was again the Milwaukee Turners. Women's Novice Beginner Division

Carol August yn won the A II ~Around, FX, and Balance 8eam with Jean PrewItt the winner In the Tumbling , Ann Sib ley the Winner on the Trampo line, Lynda Roeming first on the vault­ing and Nancy Stalec first on the Unevens, The team champ ion was Spr ingfield.

D ear Ec1 itOI', I illll de lig hted nnd p l eased with this

Illonth' ::; is~·n l e o f Th e M odern Gym n ast . The . I % ·1 Tokyo OIYlllpic Games in g-ym­n;\sl!es wel:e dl:-;play e d in an e Xll'ayagant : 1~Hl ~ lIIH · I:fln.e way. I a ll1 glad t hat your dl:--\play ot pl(: tlll'e ~ went to all ext r em es.

III the fll tlll'e, 1 wo uld like to see m ore snap-sh ots and pi('tures in M odern Gy m ­nas t . Also T would lik e to r ead so m e in; fO nll<l lion about e xpn:·:..;s ion and form b e ­for e sta rtin g' a routine .

S incel'el y Y0111'S, Don Mazak Ketterin g', O hio

ED. We have had m a ny c om p li ment s o n o u r O l y m p i c Specia l a nd our l ibe r al use of p h otos.

D o n ' t get ma d! . . W ri t e! D ea l' S irs:

P le a se find e n c losed 111Y e o}))' o f t h e i\Iod ern (;Y IlIIl :1St which arrived tod; I Y with se y er a ) paRes Llank. .

P le a se ~e nd tn e a comple t e eopy. Thank you, C . Hanly Los Angeles, Ca lif.

ED . As the subscrip t io n s grow so grow tne p r ob l ems and r espo n s ibil iti es of pub l isni n g th e M.G .... We t ry to keep up witn them al l .. . but w e sl ip h ere and t nere, c h a n ges of ad d ress, r e n ew a l noti ces t o t~ose w.h o h ave a lrea d y re newed , M aga­z ines w l~h b l ~ r re d t ype, o r phot os or one t h a t arr i ves In ppor co nditi on ...

If th is h a p pens t o yo u ... We are sorry . . . B ut don't jus t get mad a t us ... do somet ~ i ng abou t i t , let u s k n ow your M.G. arrived in p oor co n d it io n , as Mr. Hardy did ... W rite . .. then we can reo place yo u r copy, or c h a n ge your ad d ress, do what ever possible t o Keep you an ac · tl ve and sa t isf i ed M. G. su bscriber.

D U EL M EET RE C ORD Dear Mr. Sundby :

Coach G e n e \ 'V e tlstone s ugg-e~ t ed that I pn.s!'i th I S I.Jh.:)tOgTnph a long to you for p oss Ib le li s e J11 IVfocl ern GYlnnast.

T he photo s h ows Ollr newly-re novated and en lnrg"ecl g-Y lllnas iulll , (o fficial name: Heel"e '.llio n B uilding"; Capac ity: 7500) uut 111 ore Impor tant s.hows ho\\r seriou :-; Iy P e nn Sla t e l'~ take t h e n" g-y mnas ti(' s .

This particular m eet-th e first ev ent in th.e new g-ymnaf:iUlll-Was nul' c1u;\! 111 ee t w ith 1\fass:tehu s e tts Jan. 9 and th e c r owel on hand. number ed 6[)00. ]n ot h er hom e I~l.ee t!-; thls year w e drew 4800 a g·a in s t I IU,bul"g"h, (;500 ag-ain,t ArtilY, and GROO ag·cllllsl T e mpl e, a ll estimated (: J·owds o f cour se.

Th e GROO o n hand for t h e T e mpl e m ee t (be lt e "erl to he th e larg-e't ("\"1)\\,(1 e , 'e r t o see Cl. gymna s ti c s dual l11eet i n t his coun­try ). watch ed P e nn State w in its e ig·hth st.J·a l g· h~ IlH'e t in an unbeate n seC\son to c ltll ch Its 10th E:a~terl1 tea lll titl e .

S inc e r e ly , Janles 1. Tanl1all S p orts Information Di l'ecto r

Penn State packs them in f or a Gym Meet .

DEFINITION OF EXHIBITION

There' s prohib ition of opposition Whi le performing on exhibi t ion -No scores are flashed, just fingers mashed In sor e condition.

Fumbling tumb ling and tripping flipping, Added to persisting twisting, Smus~es elbows, crushes big toes, And Just adds t o pain existing .

Exh ib it ions a re qui t e a la rming, Often ha rming, and se ldom ch arming Irr itation from dislocation is aggrava t ion And quite d isa rming.

Beams that vibrate fail to crea t e Any sedate st eady wa lking -Bars p roceed to breed, indeed, Hands in need o f constant chalking.

Halting vaulting, prancing dancing, Intermingled with thumping jumping, Make exhibitions of true ambitions, Bar no ommisions, sometimes bumping.

My coach denounces ext ra bounces In my routine on trampo l ine -But I must add, my tricks are bad Even w ith t en bounces in between.

Demonst ration s are exp l ications Of a spo r t not meant for spastics -But t hough I'm b ru ised and qui t e confused, I still en joy gymnastics

Gay le Rogers Dru id Hi ll s H igh Atlanto, Georgia

PORTFOLIO OF GYMNASTICS ' 1964 TOKYO OLYMPIC .

This is a doc.umentary phota book (9\1,' x 10") covering I 00 pages of both men and women gymnasts in action.

There are 77 photos in co lor of which most are full page pictures alo ng w ith several large double poge co lor photos of Caslavska, Latynia and Astokhova. 27 o f the 77 color pho tos ore of the Top Men Gymnasts, Endo, shakhl in Tsurmi Cerar Menichelli, etc. (olso 2S large bl~ck and whi te photos of the Olympic competit ion)

Pho tographed by expert spo r t photog­raphers o f the Asahi Press, t he largest newspaper company o f Japan.

Published by the Asahi Press . Now a vailab le at $7.S0 per copy from

Frank Endo 12200 So. Berendo Ave. Los Angeles, Co.! if .

TUMBLING AND FLOOR EXERCISE A 23-minute film designed to he lp

teach g ymnastics hos been produced by the Cen ter for Instructiona l Communica­tions a t SyracLi.::.e university.

The fi lm , "Tumbling and Floor Exer­cises: Basic and Intermediate, " features members of the Syracuse Un iversity gym­nastics squad directed by (Coach ) Pau l C. Rom eo.

Eleven tumbl ing and severa l f loo r ex­ercises a re demonstrated in the fi lm· including forward, dive and backwar d ro ll s, hand ond head stands, cartwheels, roundoffs , neck sp ring s and forward hand stands.

The floor exercises are designed to stimulate students to make up their own exercises, Romeo said. Exce llence in exe­cution is stressed throughout the film.

Spec ial photographic techniques such as freeze-m otio n and slow mot ion are used to emphasize particular points.

Romeo said the film is sui table for use with students from primary through college age with beg inning and inter­mediate g ymnastic skills.

The fi lm is a vailab le from the mo­tion picture depar tment of the Center f o r Inst.ructiona l Communica tions, Syra­cuse Un iversity, Bui ld ing D-7, Co l lenda le Campus.

NEW WOOD TOPS FOR JR. ALL-AMERICAN PARALLEL BARS

New laminated top g rode hickory t op rails have been added to the #PB-IOO paralle l ba r s in t he Jr. All-American Line Series 100 gymnastic equipment from American Athletic Equipment Company of Jefferson, Iowa. These new t op bars are true Olympic shaped and are equipped with the cold rolled steel co re the some as the Olympic bar.

Top flexib ilit y is possible with this o lwcost bar and bas ic gymnastic stunts

are much easier to perform. Fo r further information and sch oo l

prices on t his unit r equest the Jr. AII­American gymnastics cata log # 6 5.

M.G. Back Editions

PAST EDITIONS OF MG AVAILABLE SPECIAL: Volume S complete $3 .S0; single issues at SOc each (N os. 1-7 ) Double ed ition Nos. 8 & 9, $ 1.00 .

ALSO AVAILABLE Volume 1 com p let e w ith o r iginal com­

pl im entory edition $4.00 ; single issues 3Sc each . Or igina l com po edition avail­ob le on ly wi t h complete vo lume order .

Volume 2 Nos. 2-7, 3Sc each , N os . 8 & 9 double edit ion 70c.

Volume 3 Nos. 2, S, 6, 7, 8, 9, 3Sc each.

Volume 4 complete $3.S0; sing le is­sues SOc each .

ORDER NOW:

M. G. BACK EDITIONS P. O. Box 611

Santo Monica, Calif.

TRAMPOLINES "Studio Rentals-All Like New

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37

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New revolutionary design, coupled with husky, chrome­sparked good looks and absol utely unmatched quality -that 's the OLYMPIC' series.

Years of resea rch plus consultant serv ices from dozens of lead in g American and European gymnastic coaches have gone into producing the ultimate in equipment. Every piece of PROGRAM AIDS OL YM PI C' appa ratus conforms to Olympic req uirements and exceeds all competi tive specifications' Th at's why PROGRAM AI DS can offer an UNMATCHED -UNHEARD OF 20-YEAR GUARANTEE on each and eve ry piece of appa ratus .

No expense has been spared in making the PROGRAM AID S OLYMPI C' line-there is no short-cut to perfec­tion , no cheap way to produce top qua lity and lifetime durability . You'd expect this equipment to be costly, but PROGRAM AIDS-as always-brings you outstand­ing quality at prices no higher th an more cheap ly made substitutes.

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Performance and Appearance ... a INI SSE N I Tradition Sure Nissen gymnastic equipment looks great. Why

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NISSEN-SENOH EQUIPMENT CHOSEN FOR 1964 OLYMPIC GAMES, TOKYO, JAPAN