Modern Foreign Languages Department A level Spanish ... · In Spanish adjectives have to agree with...

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A level Spanish Grammar- the little things Modern Foreign Languages Department

Transcript of Modern Foreign Languages Department A level Spanish ... · In Spanish adjectives have to agree with...

Page 1: Modern Foreign Languages Department A level Spanish ... · In Spanish adjectives have to agree with what they are describing. This means endings change depending on whether the person

A level SpanishGrammar- the little

things

Modern Foreign Languages Department

Page 2: Modern Foreign Languages Department A level Spanish ... · In Spanish adjectives have to agree with what they are describing. This means endings change depending on whether the person

In English an article is one of the words which goes before a noun.The definite article; ______________________ in English.The indefinite article; _____________________ in English.

In Spanish, all nouns are either ________________ or _________________.

El/La/Los/Las are the _____________ articles in Spanish.

Un/Una/Unos/Unas are the ___________________ articles in Spanish.

Articles

You will need to annotate your booklet throughoutthis lesson!

Page 3: Modern Foreign Languages Department A level Spanish ... · In Spanish adjectives have to agree with what they are describing. This means endings change depending on whether the person

Complete the sentences with the correct definite article:

1. Está en ____ colegio2. Estudia en ____ universidad de Valencia3. Trabajo en ____ hospital.4. Se casaron por ____ iglesia.5. ____ vino esta frío.6. _____ rosa te queda muy bien.7. No le gustan ____ patatas fritas.8. ____ árboles están todos en flor.

Complete the sentences with the correct indefinite article:

1. Compré ____ revista.2. Tenemos ____ coche rojo.3. Tiene ____ novio francés.4. Vivimos en ____ piso pequeño.5. Lleva ____ zapatos negros.6. Es ____ parque muy grande.7. Galicia tiene ____ playas muy bonitas.8. Cenamos en ____ restaurante español.

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In English we usually make nouns plural by adding an –s to the end (garden > gardens), although we do have some irregulars (mouse -> mice)

To form plurals in Spanish add an –s to most nouns ending in a vowel which doesn’t have an accent.

El libro -> los librosLa profesora -> las profesoras

To form plurals in Spanish add an –es to most nouns ending in a consonant.

El profesor -> los profesoresLa ciudad -> las ciudades

Words ending in –s do not change in the plural, only the article changes.

El paraguas -> los paraguasEl lunes -> los lunes

Nouns ending in Z change to a C before the –es goes on.

El pez -> los pecesLa luz -> las luces

Nouns

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Sustituye la palabra subrayada con la versión plural:

1. Quiero comprar el libro.2. Cantamos una canción de Enrique Iglesias.3. Siempre desayuno con una tostada.4. Tengo que darle una noticia.5. Apaga la luz.6. Tienes que estudiar mucho para el examen.7. La película trata de un niño.8. Siempre me regalan el chocolate.9.El lunes voy al centro comercial.10.Necesito un mueble para el salón.

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In English the only time an adjective changes is when you are making a comparison -> she’s cleverer than her brother. That the silliest idea!

In Spanish adjectives have to agree with what they are describing. This means endings change depending on whether the person or thing is masculine or feminine.

In English adjectives go before the noun they describe but in Spanish they generally go after it.

• Adjectives ending in –o change to –a• Adjectives ending in any other vowel do NOT change for the feminine.• Adjectives ending in an –or change to an –ora in the feminine. • Adjectives ending in –án, -ón and –ín change to –ana, -ona and –ina.

Adjectives

Page 7: Modern Foreign Languages Department A level Spanish ... · In Spanish adjectives have to agree with what they are describing. This means endings change depending on whether the person

Are the sentences correct or not? If not, correct them!

1. Un abrigo caro.2. Una idea tonto.3. Unas chicas alto.4. Una chaqueta azul.5. Mi hermana pequeño.6. Mi hermana mayor.7. Una señora ingles.8. La cocina español.

Choose the adjectives that could fit with the noun:

1. Unas chicas guapas/tontas/encantadores2. Unos zapatos verdes/nuevo/rojo/bonitos3. Unos vecinos simpáticos/irlandés4. Un examen difícil/fáciles/largo5. Una bolsa grande/pequeño/roja6. Una familia española/ingles7. Chicos y chicas ricos/americanas/felices8. Una casa y un jardín bonito/grande/preciosos

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In a few instances the adjective will precede the noun:

• Ordinal numbers; el primero*, segundo, tercero*.

• Cardinal numbers; uno*, dos, tres etc.

• Possessive adjectives; mi, mis, sus etc.

• Demonstrative adjectives; este, ese, aquel

• Interrogative adjectives; qué, cuál, cuándo etc.

• Indefinite adjectives; ninguno*, cada, todo, demasiado, tanto

* These adjectives shorten when they precede a singular masculine noun, this is called apocopation (el tercer día, ningún estudiante)

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In English possessive adjectives are:my, your, his, her, its, our, their

and they ate used with a noun to show that one person or thing belongs to another.

In Spanish possessive adjectives behave like normal adjectives in that they have to change for the feminine and plural forms.

Singular masculine

Singular feminine

Plural masculine

Plural feminine

Meaning

Mi Mi Mis Mis My

Tu Tu Tus Tus Your

Su Su Sus Sus His/her

Nuestro Nuestra Nuestros Nuestras Our

Vuestro Vuestra Vuestros Vuestras Your

Su Su Sus Sus Their

Possessive Adjectives

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Complete the sentences with the correct form of the possessive adjective:

1. ¿Conoces a ________ hermanas? (My)2. ¿Como se llama ________ padre? (His)3. ________ padres trabajan en el hospital (My)4. ¿En qué universidad estudian ________ hijas ? (Your plural)5. Nos preguntaron ________ nombres (Our)6. ¿Me dejes ________ bicicleta? (Your)7. Me gustan ________ zapatos (Your)8. ________ hijos están en Londres (Our)9. Quiero hablar con ________ profesora (Her)10.Los sábados salgo con ________ amigas (My)

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1. De vacaciones, nos gusta sacar ........................................ fotos de sitios históricos. (mucho)

2. Para la buena salud es mejor no comer ........................................ carne. (demasiado)

3. Pasamos un ........................................ fin de semana en Valencia. (bueno)

4. Necesito los subtítulos cuando veo una película porque la pronunciación de muchos actores es tan ........................................ . (malo)

5. Para ella, aprender a tocar el piano fue una tarea muy ........................................ . (fácil)

6. Hacen el vídeo en Barcelona, en sus playas, en su catedral y en sus ........................................ calles. (hermoso)

7. En mi opinión, las ................................ canciones del año son de artistas sudamericanos. (peor)

8. El .................................. móvil que compré fue un Nokia. (tercero)

9. A Penélope Cruz no le gusta el agua del grifo, prefiere el agua …………………………………. . (embotellado)

10.Ha podido formar ………………………………………. amistades en muchos países. (bueno)

11. Lo comió todo porque tenía ………………………………………. hambre. (tanto)

12.No tengo ………………………………………. interés en las telenovelas; para mí, son basura. (ninguno)

13.1908, 1948, 2012: este año Londres da la bienvenida a los Juegos Olímpicos por ………………………………………. vez. (tercero)

14.Los deportes menos interesantes para mí son el boxeo, el hockey y la natación ………………………………………. . (sincronizado)

15.Los ordenadores ……………………………………… se venden mejor que los de colores más fuertes. (gris)

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There are two parts to conjugating

REFLEXIVE VERBS

Although we don’t use the 1st pronoun in Spanish it is implied by the conjugation

of the verb;YoTú

Él / Ella / UstedNosotros/asVosotros/as

Ellos/ Ellas / Ustedes

However we must use the reflexive pronoun:

MeTeSeNosOsSe

PART ONE

The “se” at the end of the infinitive indicates that a pronoun needs to be used.

1. (I)______ levanto2. (They – the boys) ______ lavan.3. (You) ______ vistes4. (We) ______ sentamos.5. (She) ______ esconde.6. (You lot) ______ acostaís

Now you try!

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There are two parts to conjugating

reflexive verbs;

PART TWO

The positioning of the reflexive pronoun

For ordinary tenses the reflexive pronoun is placed before the conjugated verb; me acuesto temprano (I go to bed early)

When telling someone what not to do the reflexive pronoun is placed before the conjugated verb; no te levantes (don’t get up)

When telling to do something, attach the reflexive pronoun to the conjugated verb; digame (talk to me)

The reflexive pronoun can be attached to the infinitive or the gerund; hay que relajarse / quiero bañarme / voy a levantarme

For compound verbs the reflexive pronoun is placed before the auxiliary verb; me he acostado