Modelling the perceptual development of phonological contrasts with OT and the GLA Paola Escudero...
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![Page 1: Modelling the perceptual development of phonological contrasts with OT and the GLA Paola Escudero p.r.escudero@reading.ac.uk Paul Boersma paul.boersma@hum.uva.nl.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032522/56649d6b5503460f94a4a31a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Modelling the perceptual developmentof phonological contrasts with
OT and the GLA
Paola [email protected]
Paul [email protected]
Utrecht Institute of Linguistics May 14 2001
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Introduction The Language Acquisition task The task in Phonological Acquisition
– Mapping from acoustic input to discrete categories– E.g.
Overview of the talk– /I/ vs. /i/ in two English varieties– Modelling perception and its acquisition– Comparison with real listeners
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Elspeth’s production environment(Scottish English)
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Duration (ms)
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Liz’s production environment(Southern English)
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Duration (ms)
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Elspeth’s and Liz’saverage production environments
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Duration (ms)
/I/
/i//I/
/i/
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Do Elspeth and Liz perceive [349 Hz, 74 ms] as “ship” or as “sheep”?
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Duration (ms)
?
/I/
/i//I/
/i/
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Why does perception have to depend on the production environment?
Answer: to optimise perception, the listener has to
minimise the probability ofperceptual confusion
The optimal perception strategy, therefore, is:
likelihood maximisation, i.e.choose the most likely produced category,given a certain F1 & duration
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Maximum likelihood strategy
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/i/?
/I/
Duration (ms)
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/i/
/I/ ?
Duration (ms)
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The knowledge underlying Elspeth’s and Liz’ optimal perception
[349 Hz,
74 ms]
349 Hz
not //74 ms
not //74 ms
not //349 Hz
not // // *! *
// * *
[349 Hz,
74 ms]
349 Hz
not //74 ms
not //74 ms
not //349 Hz
not // // * *
//
*! *
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Initial stage of babies Elspeth and Liz
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dur.rel. 0.7%
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How is the knowledge acquired?
Answer: Little Elspeth learns by
applying the GLA whenever she
makes a categorisation error
[349 Hz,
74 ms]
349 Hz
not //74 ms
not //74 ms
not //349 Hz
not //
// * *
// *! *
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How little Elspeth learns to perceive“ship” and “sheep” reliably (1)
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dur.rel. 0.5%1 month
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How little Elspeth learns to perceive“ship” and “sheep” reliably (2)
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dur.rel. 9.6%2 months
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How little Elspeth learns to perceive“ship” and “sheep” reliably (3)
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dur.rel. 13.8%4 months
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How little Elspeth learns to perceive“ship” and “sheep” reliably (4)
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dur.rel. 11.2%10 months
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How little Elspeth learns to perceive“ship” and “sheep” reliably (5)
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dur.rel. 4.5%100 months
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How little Elspeth learns to perceive“ship” and “sheep” reliably (6)
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dur.rel. 8.4%1000 months
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How little Liz learns to perceive “ship” and “sheep” reliably (1)
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dur.rel. 57.9%1 month
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How little Liz learns to perceive “ship” and “sheep” reliably (2)
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dur.rel. 76.6%2 months
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How little Liz learns to perceive “ship” and “sheep” reliably (3)
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dur.rel. 48.3%4 months
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How little Liz learns to perceive “ship” and “sheep” reliably (4)
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dur.rel. 57.7%10 months
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How little Liz learns to perceive “ship” and “sheep” reliably (5)
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dur.rel. 74.2%100 months
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How little Liz learns to perceive “ship” and “sheep” reliably (6)
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dur.rel. 68.2%1000 months
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Real vs. Simulated listeners
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dur.rel. 8.4%260300
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dur.rel. 68.2%
Scottishdur.rel. 10.6%
83 177480
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Southerndur.rel. 34.6%
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What about L1-Spanish Isabel, who moves to Scotland and then
to Southern England?
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Isabel’s production environment (Spanish)
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/i/
/e/
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Isabel’s adult perception (Spanish)
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dur.rel. -0.8%200 months
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Isabel’s new production environment (Scottish English)
I FA
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Duration (ms)
/I/
/i/
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How Isabel learns to perceive“ship” and “sheep”
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dur.rel. 9.2%300 months
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Isabel’s new production environment (Southern English)
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Duration (ms)
/I/
/i/
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How Isabel learns to perceive“ship” and “sheep”
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dur.rel. 64.8%400 months
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Three types of real L2 categorisation
Spectral reliance only Duration reliance onlyCue integration
mfdur.rel. -5.7%
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mtdur.rel. -10.0%
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abgdur.rel. 40.0%
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efdur.rel. 85.7%
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ofdur.rel. 98.6%
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ljdur.rel. 70.0%
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Summary
For our perception model, we assumed:
1) Perception is handled by an OT grammar
2) Its acquisition is handled by the GLA
3) L2 learners start by copying their L1 grammar
With these assumptions, we can model:
1) L1 Scottish and Southern English
2) L2 Scottish and Southern English, partially
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Conclusion Cue reliance depends on cue reliability, or
a) Differences in the production environment account for differences in perception.
b) Changes in the production environment lead to changes in perception.
The functional principle underlying this production-perception dependence is “minimisation of perceptual confusion”.
This functional principle follows from our formal modelling of the perception grammar.
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Thank you for your attention!