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Modeling Sheet Rill and Ephemeral Gully Erosion Modeling Sheet Rill and Ephemeral Gully Erosion Modeling Sheet, Rill, and Ephemeral Gully Erosion with RUSLER and EphGEE with RUSLER and EphGEE with RUSLER and EphGEE SMDb DAN Vi i dDCYd S M Dabney D A N Vieira and D C Yoder S.M. Dabney, D.A.N. Vieira, and D.C. Yoder USDA ARS and the University of Tennessee USDA-ARS and the University of Tennessee USDA ARS and the University of Tennessee Ab Abstract RUSLER short for RUSLE2 Raster Results Abstract RUSLER short for RUSLE2-Raster Results ti t t di i lh t d ill i d di t d li t fi ld h l A d li t ibi d l dt id ti ll di t ib t d ff d il estimates two-dimensional sheet and rill erosion and sediment delivery to field channels. A new modeling system is being developed to provide spatially-distributed runoff and soil 36 M h 1 1 erosion predictions for conservation planning. Ephemeral gully erosion is not included in 36 Mg ha -1 y -1 erosion predictions for conservation planning. Ephemeral gully erosion is not included in di ti d ith th R i dU i l S il L E ti i 2 (RUSLE2) A RUSLER estimated hillslope 36 Mg ha y predictions made with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation, version 2 (RUSLE2). A sediment yield to the field new distributed application called RUSLER (RUSLE2-Raster) predicts distributed runoff sediment yield to the field 1 1 new distributed application called RUSLER (RUSLE2 Raster) predicts distributed runoff d il l d it t t b li k d ith th Eh lG ll E i E ti t channels averaged 36 Mg ha -1 yr -1 . and soil loss and its output can be linked with the new Ephemeral Gully Erosion Estimator (EphGEE). Digital representations of the area of interest are created using high-resolution (EphGEE). Digital representations of the area of interest are created using high resolution t h ddt ti df t bli h dd t b f il ti li t d Dabney, S.M., D.C. Yoder, and topography and data retrieved from established databases of soil properties, climate, and D A N Vieira 2012 The agricultural operations. The system utilizes a library of terrain processing tools to deduce D.A.N. Vieira. 2012. The agricultural operations. The system utilizes a library of terrain processing tools to deduce f d i f t h dt i th l ti f t ti l h l lli d application of RUSLE2 to surface drainage from topography, determine the location of potential ephemeral gullies, and evaluate the impacts of alternative subdivide the study area into catchments for calculations of runoff and sheet-and-rill erosion evaluate the impacts of alternative li h i subdivide the study area into catchments for calculations of runoff and sheet and rill erosion sing RUSLER EphGEE comp tes g ll e ol tion based on local soil erodibilit and flo climate change scenarios on using RUSLER. EphGEE computes gully evolution based on local soil erodibility and flow runoff and sediment yield Journal and sediment transport conditions. These models were applied to a 6.3 ha research runoff and sediment yield. Journal f il d i and sediment transport conditions. These models were applied to a 6.3 ha research atershed near Tre nor IA here r noff and sediment ield ere meas red from 1975 of Soil and Water Conservation watershed near Treynor, IA, where runoff and sediment yield were measured from 1975 – RUSLER – RUSLE2 called through API 67(5):343 353 1991. Using a 3-m raster DEM, results indicate that ephemeral gully erosion contributed RUSLER – RUSLE2 called through API, l l th l ltd ti f ff 67(5):343-353 1991. Using a 3 m raster DEM, results indicate that ephemeral gully erosion contributed about one third of the amount of sheet and rill erosion and that considerable deposition of slope length calculated as ratio of runoff about one-third of the amount of sheet and rill erosion, and that considerable deposition of leaving to runoff generated within cell sediment originating from both sources occurred within the grassed waterway. For ambient leaving to runoff generated within cell EphGEE estimated sediment originating from both sources occurred within the grassed waterway. For ambient conditions predicted annual average watershed sediment yield was 17 Mg ha -1 year -1 20% Cross Section #2 EphGEE estimated h l ll i conditions, predicted annual average watershed sediment yield was 17 Mg ha -1 year -1 , 20% E hGEE Eh lG ll E i E ti t Cross Section #2 ephemeral gully erosion greater than the measured value of 15 Mg ha -1 year -1 . EphGEE - Ephemeral Gully Erosion Estimator from changes in channel greater than the measured value of 15 Mg ha year . EphGEE Ephemeral Gully Erosion Estimator dimensions associated with RUSLE2 h t d ill i is a one-dimensional numerical model that estimates ephemeral gully erosion by dimensions associated with h RUSLE2 ff RUSLE2 - sheet and rill erosion is a one dimensional numerical model that estimates ephemeral gully erosion by dt ii dt h td t th h t db fl i t d l the RUSLE2 runoff event RUSLE2 sheet and rill erosion determining detachment due to the shear stress caused by flowing water, and also sequence. Tillage that reset estimates sediment transport and dynamic channel dimension changes due to erosion sequence. Tillage that reset channel dimensions RUSLE2, the Revised Universal Soil Loss estimates sediment transport, and dynamic channel dimension changes due to erosion dd ii f ll i F ’ l dl channel dimensions Equation version 2 is used by USDA NRCS and deposition following Foster’s conceptual model. occurred on 15 April Equation version 2, is used by USDA-NRCS (plow 200 mm depth) 1 thousands of times every day for conservation Following CREAMS: For a given discharge, channel (plow, 200 mm depth), 1 M (di k 130 )5 planning and to determine farm program Following CREAMS: Channel first cuts down until a For a given discharge, channel erodes at a constant rate until a May (disk, 130 mm), 5 planning and to determine farm program Channel first cuts down until a “non-erodibile” layer is reached “non-erodibile” layer is reached, May (field cultivator, 100 eligibility. It is supported by a vast national then rate exponentially decreases mm) and 10 June (row database and supports many other systems mm), and 10 June (row li 76 ) database and supports many other systems, cultivator, 76 mm) including: AnnAGNPS, Purdue’s Manure Management Planner Wisconsin's SNAP Management Planner, Wisconsin s SNAP- PLUS nutrient management planning system, AGREN’s 2 D erosion calculator DOE’s AGREN s 2-D erosion calculator, DOE s EphGEE estimated both sustainable residue harvesting tools, the EphGEE estimated both USDA NRCS Natural Resources Inventory channel degradation and USDA-NRCS Natural Resources Inventory. channel degradation and aggregation Deposition aggregation. Deposition RUSLE2 calculates erosion, The “non-erodibile” layer depth In wide channels, energy is expended was common where transport and deposition or coarse is the depth of last tillage In wide channels, energy is expended atop the “non-erodibile” layer tributaries met the transport, and deposition or coarse tributaries met the (sand and large aggregate) primary channel due to sediment fractions on complex backwater effects The sediment fractions on complex backwater effects. The one-dimensional hillslope flow grassed waterway caused paths called “profiles” the main channel to be paths, called profiles . the main channel to be depositional throughout its last 200 m RUSLE2 runoff is not calculated its last 200 m. from a rain event sequence; rather from a rain event sequence; rather an annual channel forming runoff event sequence are calculated event sequence are calculated from average monthly climate data soil properties and land data, soil properties, and land With d RUSLER/EphGEE estimated management information. With no grassed RUSLER/EphGEE estimated E ti t l ltd waterway watershed sediment yield would Estimates calculated: 33 Mg ha -1 y -1 have been 33 Mg ha -1 yr -1 if the •Average monthly runoff 33 Mg ha y delivered from have been 33 Mg ha 1 yr 1 if the •Average monthly runoff delivered from t hd grassed waterway had not been in •Number of runoff events per year Fi ld Sit f T ti watershed place Small depositional areas 60 Number of runoff events per year Field Site for Testing place. Small depositional areas 8 5077l ( ) 13 606 60 •Statistical distribution parameters Field Site for Testing were predicted upslope of the y = 8.5077ln(x) + 13.606 Statistical distribution parameters describing runoff event depths RUSLER d E hGEE i l ti ith t l l lib ti d ith measurement weir due to flat 50 epy=18 α=0 31 σ=10 3 describing runoff event depths RUSLER and EphGEE simulations without any local calibration were compared with measurement weir due to flat ) epy=18 , α=0.31, σ=10.3 M i ff i h observations on Watershed 11 of the USDA‐ARS Deep Loess Research Station located topography. 40 mm) Maximum runoff event in the observations on Watershed 11 of the USDA ARS Deep Loess Research Station located T I ) Th d i t il M ilt l (fi ilt i d 40 (m annual event sequence is R h near Treynor, Iowa). The predominant soil was Monona silt loam (fine‐silty , mixed, th annual event sequence is R 1y,24h superactive mesic Typic Hapludolls) with 24% clay This 6 3 ha watershed was used in the Wh th t 30 Dep superactive, mesic Typic Hapludolls) with 24% clay. This 6.3 ha watershed was used in the ii l RUSLE1 04 d t ti (R d t l 1997) t ill t t th l ti When the waterway was fD original RUSLE1.04 documentation (Renard et al. 1997) to illustrate the proper selection simulated estimated sediment 20 noff epy=15, α=0.5, σ=9.1 RUSLE2 then determines event of four hillslope profiles that end in areas of concentrated flow A 600 m 2 contributing area simulated, estimated sediment i ld f 17 M h 1 1 b t y = 8 0458ln(x) + 15 537 20 Run RUSLE2 then determines event sequence dates and depths of four hillslope profiles that end in areas of concentrated flow. A 600 m contributing area lt d i h l t k th t bl d th lli b di il ht yield of 17 Mg ha -1 yr -1 was about y = 8.0458ln(x) + 15.537 R sequence dates and depths resulted in channel network that resembled the gullies observed in aerial photos. 20% greater than the measured 10 (totaling annual runoff) and scales 20% greater than the measured di t i ld f 15 M 10 (totaling annual runoff) and scales event durations (averaging 60 Watershed 11 average sediment yield of 15 Mg event durations (averaging 60 Watershed 11 Treynor Iowa USA ha -1 yr -1 The grassed waterway 0 minutes) based on expected Treynor, Iowa, USA With grassed ha yr . The grassed waterway d d di t i ld b b t 0.2 2 20 200 rainfall intensity (erosivity With grassed waterway reduced sediment yield by about Return Period (yr) rainfall intensity (erosivity waterway 17 Mg ha 1 1 50% and ephemeral gully erosion Return Period (yr) density) 17 Mg ha -1 y -1 50% and ephemeral gully erosion t ib t d b t 25% f th delivered from contributed about 25% of the 30 6 watershed sediment delivered from the 30 6 watershed sediment delivered from the t hd watershed. 25 5 a ‐1 ) RUSLE2 erosion and runoff event REFERENCE: ‐1 ) g ha Sediment delivery RUSLE2 erosion and runoff event series illl strated for spring plo REFERENCE : 20 4 mh (Mg Runoff rate series illlustrated for spring plow Dabney S M D A N Vieira D mm ry ( Runoff rate corn in Treynor Iowa. Sheet and Dabney, S. M., D. A. N. Vieira, D. CYd EJL d RR 15 3 te ( ver corn in Treynor Iowa. Sheet and rill hillslope erosion peaks in Ma C. Yoder, E. J. Langendoen, R. R. 15 3 rat deli rill hillslope erosion peaks in May Wells and M E Ursic 2014 off nt d and June; channel forming runoff Wells, and M. E. Ursic. 2014. S i ll di ib dh ill 10 2 Runo men and June; channel forming runoff rates peak in July 1975 1991 Spatially distributed sheet, rill, R edim rates peak in July. 1975 – 1991 and ephemeral gully erosion 5 1 Se contour-plowed and ephemeral gully erosion. J l fH d l i 5 1 contour-plowed Journal of Hydrologic corn averaging Engineering (in press) 0 0 7 6 Mg ha -1 Engineering (in press). 1/1 3/2 5/1 6/30 8/29 10/28 12/27 7.6 Mg ha -1 1/1 3/2 5/1 6/30 8/29 10/28 12/27
Transcript of ModelingModelingModelingg SheetSheetSheet,, RillRillRill ... · and soil loss and its output can be...
Modeling Sheet Rill and Ephemeral Gully ErosionModeling Sheet Rill and Ephemeral Gully ErosionModeling Sheet, Rill, and Ephemeral Gully Erosion g , , p ywith RUSLER and EphGEEwith RUSLER and EphGEEwith RUSLER and EphGEEp
S M D b D A N Vi i d D C Y dS M Dabney D A N Vieira and D C YoderS.M. Dabney, D.A.N. Vieira, and D.C. Yodery, ,USDA ARS and the University of TennesseeUSDA-ARS and the University of TennesseeUSDA ARS and the University of Tennessee
AbAbstract RUSLER short for RUSLE2 Raster ResultsAbstract RUSLER short for RUSLE2-Raster Resultsti t t di i l h t d ill i d di t d li t fi ld h l
A d li t i b i d l d t id ti ll di t ib t d ff d ilestimates two-dimensional sheet and rill erosion and sediment delivery to field channels.
A new modeling system is being developed to provide spatially-distributed runoff and soil 36 M h 1 1erosion predictions for conservation planning. Ephemeral gully erosion is not included in 36 Mg ha-1 y-1erosion predictions for conservation planning. Ephemeral gully erosion is not included in
di ti d ith th R i d U i l S il L E ti i 2 (RUSLE2) A RUSLER estimated hillslope 36 Mg ha y
predictions made with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation, version 2 (RUSLE2). A psediment yield to the fieldnew distributed application called RUSLER (RUSLE2-Raster) predicts distributed runoff sediment yield to the field
1 1new distributed application called RUSLER (RUSLE2 Raster) predicts distributed runoff d il l d it t t b li k d ith th E h l G ll E i E ti t channels averaged 36 Mg ha-1 yr-1. and soil loss and its output can be linked with the new Ephemeral Gully Erosion Estimator g g y
(EphGEE). Digital representations of the area of interest are created using high-resolution(EphGEE). Digital representations of the area of interest are created using high resolution t h d d t t i d f t bli h d d t b f il ti li t d Dabney, S.M., D.C. Yoder, and topography and data retrieved from established databases of soil properties, climate, and y, , ,
D A N Vieira 2012 Theagricultural operations. The system utilizes a library of terrain processing tools to deduce D.A.N. Vieira. 2012. The agricultural operations. The system utilizes a library of terrain processing tools to deduce f d i f t h d t i th l ti f t ti l h l lli d application of RUSLE2 to surface drainage from topography, determine the location of potential ephemeral gullies, and pp
evaluate the impacts of alternativesubdivide the study area into catchments for calculations of runoff and sheet-and-rill erosion evaluate the impacts of alternative li h isubdivide the study area into catchments for calculations of runoff and sheet and rill erosion
sing RUSLER EphGEE comp tes g ll e ol tion based on local soil erodibilit and flo climate change scenarios on using RUSLER. EphGEE computes gully evolution based on local soil erodibility and flow grunoff and sediment yield Journaland sediment transport conditions. These models were applied to a 6.3 ha research runoff and sediment yield. Journal f il d iand sediment transport conditions. These models were applied to a 6.3 ha research
atershed near Tre nor IA here r noff and sediment ield ere meas red from 1975 of Soil and Water Conservation watershed near Treynor, IA, where runoff and sediment yield were measured from 1975 – RUSLER – RUSLE2 called through API 67(5):343 3531991. Using a 3-m raster DEM, results indicate that ephemeral gully erosion contributed RUSLER – RUSLE2 called through API, l l th l l t d ti f ff
67(5):343-353 1991. Using a 3 m raster DEM, results indicate that ephemeral gully erosion contributed about one third of the amount of sheet and rill erosion and that considerable deposition of
slope length calculated as ratio of runoff about one-third of the amount of sheet and rill erosion, and that considerable deposition of leaving to runoff generated within cellsediment originating from both sources occurred within the grassed waterway. For ambient
leaving to runoff generated within cellEphGEE estimatedsediment originating from both sources occurred within the grassed waterway. For ambient
conditions predicted annual average watershed sediment yield was 17 Mg ha-1 year-1 20% Cross Section #2EphGEE estimated
h l ll iconditions, predicted annual average watershed sediment yield was 17 Mg ha-1 year-1, 20% E hGEE E h l G ll E i E ti t
Cross Section #2 ephemeral gully erosion greater than the measured value of 15 Mg ha-1 year-1. EphGEE - Ephemeral Gully Erosion Estimator from changes in channel greater than the measured value of 15 Mg ha year . EphGEE Ephemeral Gully Erosion Estimator g
dimensions associated withRUSLE2 h t d ill i is a one-dimensional numerical model that estimates ephemeral gully erosion by dimensions associated with
h RUSLE2 ffRUSLE2 - sheet and rill erosion is a one dimensional numerical model that estimates ephemeral gully erosion by d t i i d t h t d t th h t d b fl i t d l
the RUSLE2 runoff event RUSLE2 sheet and rill erosion determining detachment due to the shear stress caused by flowing water, and also sequence. Tillage that resetestimates sediment transport and dynamic channel dimension changes due to erosion
sequence. Tillage that reset channel dimensionsRUSLE2, the Revised Universal Soil Loss estimates sediment transport, and dynamic channel dimension changes due to erosion
d d i i f ll i F ’ l d lchannel dimensions ,
Equation version 2 is used by USDA NRCS and deposition following Foster’s conceptual model. occurred on 15 April Equation version 2, is used by USDA-NRCS p g p p(plow 200 mm depth) 1thousands of times every day for conservation Following CREAMS: For a given discharge, channel(plow, 200 mm depth), 1 M (di k 130 ) 5y y
planning and to determine farm programFollowing CREAMS:
Channel first cuts down until aFor a given discharge, channel erodes at a constant rate until a May (disk, 130 mm), 5 planning and to determine farm program Channel first cuts down until a
“non-erodibile” layer is reachede odes at a co sta t ate u t a“non-erodibile” layer is reached, May (field cultivator, 100
eligibility. It is supported by a vast national y y ,
then rate exponentially decreasesy ( e d cu v o ,
mm) and 10 June (rowg y pp ydatabase and supports many other systems
mm), and 10 June (row l i 76 )database and supports many other systems, cultivator, 76 mm)
including: AnnAGNPS, Purdue’s Manure g ,Management Planner Wisconsin's SNAPManagement Planner, Wisconsin s SNAP-PLUS nutrient management planning system, g p g y ,AGREN’s 2 D erosion calculator DOE’sAGREN s 2-D erosion calculator, DOE s
EphGEE estimated bothsustainable residue harvesting tools, the EphGEE estimated both g ,USDA NRCS Natural Resources Inventory channel degradation andUSDA-NRCS Natural Resources Inventory. channel degradation and
aggregation Depositionaggregation. Deposition RUSLE2 calculates erosion, The “non-erodibile” layer depth In wide channels, energy is expended was common where ,transport and deposition or coarse is the depth of last tillage
In wide channels, energy is expended atop the “non-erodibile” layer
was co o w e etributaries met thetransport, and deposition or coarse p y tributaries met the
(sand and large aggregate) primary channel due to ( g gg g )sediment fractions on complex
p a y c a e due tobackwater effects Thesediment fractions on complex backwater effects. The
one-dimensional hillslope flow grassed waterway caused ppaths called “profiles”
g ssed w e w y c usedthe main channel to bepaths, called profiles . the main channel to be depositional throughout p gits last 200 mRUSLE2 runoff is not calculated its last 200 m.
from a rain event sequence; ratherfrom a rain event sequence; rather an annual channel forming runoff gevent sequence are calculatedevent sequence are calculated from average monthly climate g ydata soil properties and landdata, soil properties, and land
With d RUSLER/EphGEE estimatedmanagement information. With no grassed RUSLER/EphGEE estimated gE ti t l l t d waterway watershed sediment yield would Estimates calculated: y
33 Mg ha-1 y-1y
have been 33 Mg ha-1 yr-1 if the•Average monthly runoff
33 Mg ha ydelivered from
have been 33 Mg ha 1 yr 1 if the •Average monthly runoff delivered from
t h dgrassed waterway had not been in
•Number of runoff events per year Fi ld Sit f T tiwatershed
g yplace Small depositional areas 60
Number of runoff events per year Field Site for Testing place. Small depositional areas
8 5077l ( ) 13 606
60•Statistical distribution parameters
Field Site for Testing were predicted upslope of the y = 8.5077ln(x) + 13.606 Statistical distribution parameters
describing runoff event depths RUSLER d E hGEE i l ti ith t l l lib ti d ithp p p
measurement weir due to flat50epy=18 α=0 31 σ=10 3
describing runoff event depths RUSLER and EphGEE simulations without any local calibration were compared with measurement weir due to flat
)
epy=18 , α=0.31, σ=10.3
M i ff i h observations on Watershed 11 of the USDA‐ARS Deep Loess Research Station located topography.40m
m) Maximum runoff event in the observations on Watershed 11 of the USDA ARS Deep Loess Research Station located
T I ) Th d i t il M ilt l (fi ilt i dp g p y
40
(m annual event sequence is R hnear Treynor, Iowa). The predominant soil was Monona silt loam (fine‐silty, mixed,
th annual event sequence is R1y,24h superactive mesic Typic Hapludolls) with 24% clay This 6 3 ha watershed was used in the Wh th t30
Dep superactive, mesic Typic Hapludolls) with 24% clay. This 6.3 ha watershed was used in the
i i l RUSLE1 04 d t ti (R d t l 1997) t ill t t th l tiWhen the waterway was
f D original RUSLE1.04 documentation (Renard et al. 1997) to illustrate the proper selection simulated estimated sediment20no
ff epy=15,α=0.5, σ=9.1 RUSLE2 then determines event of four hillslope profiles that end in areas of concentrated flow A 600 m2 contributing areasimulated, estimated sediment i ld f 17 M h 1 1 b t
y = 8 0458ln(x) + 15 53720
Run py RUSLE2 then determines event
sequence dates and depthsof four hillslope profiles that end in areas of concentrated flow. A 600 m contributing area
lt d i h l t k th t bl d th lli b d i i l h tyield of 17 Mg ha-1 yr-1 was about
y = 8.0458ln(x) + 15.537R sequence dates and depths resulted in channel network that resembled the gullies observed in aerial photos. 20% greater than the measured10 (totaling annual runoff) and scales
20% greater than the measured di t i ld f 15 M10 (totaling annual runoff) and scales
event durations (averaging 60 Watershed 11average sediment yield of 15 Mg
event durations (averaging 60 Watershed 11Treynor Iowa USA ha-1 yr-1 The grassed waterway0 minutes) based on expected Treynor, Iowa, USA With grassed
ha yr . The grassed waterway d d di t i ld b b t0.2 2 20 200
utes) based o e pectedrainfall intensity (erosivity
With grassed waterway reduced sediment yield by about
Return Period (yr)rainfall intensity (erosivity waterway
17 Mg ha 1 1 50% and ephemeral gully erosionReturn Period (yr) density) 17 Mg ha-1 y-1 50% and ephemeral gully erosion t ib t d b t 25% f thde s ty)
delivered from contributed about 25% of the 306 watershed sediment delivered from the306 watershed sediment delivered from the
t h dwatershed. 255
a‐1 ) RUSLE2 erosion and runoff event REFERENCE:
‐1)
g ha Sediment delivery
RUSLE2 erosion and runoff event series illl strated for spring plo
REFERENCE:204
m h
(Mg
Runoff rateseries illlustrated for spring plow Dabney S M D A N Vieira D
mm
ry ( Runoff rate
corn in Treynor Iowa. Sheet and Dabney, S. M., D. A. N. Vieira, D. C Y d E J L d R R153 te
(
ver corn in Treynor Iowa. Sheet and
rill hillslope erosion peaks in Ma C. Yoder, E. J. Langendoen, R. R. 153
rat
deli rill hillslope erosion peaks in May g
Wells and M E Ursic 2014
off
nt d and June; channel forming runoff Wells, and M. E. Ursic. 2014.
S i ll di ib d h ill102
Runo
men and June; channel forming runoff
rates peak in July 1975 1991Spatially distributed sheet, rill,
R
edim rates peak in July. 1975 – 1991
p yand ephemeral gully erosion
51
Se contour-plowedand ephemeral gully erosion. J l f H d l i51 contour-plowed Journal of Hydrologic
corn averaging y g
Engineering (in press)00
corn averaging 7 6 Mg ha-1
Engineering (in press).1/1 3/2 5/1 6/30 8/29 10/28 12/27 7.6 Mg ha-11/1 3/2 5/1 6/30 8/29 10/28 12/27
