GLACE: The Global Land-Atmosphere Coupling Experiment. Part I: Overview
Modeling the Land-Atmosphere Hydrologic Cycle and its Coupling through River Flow
description
Transcript of Modeling the Land-Atmosphere Hydrologic Cycle and its Coupling through River Flow
Modeling the Land-Modeling the Land-Atmosphere Hydrologic Cycle Atmosphere Hydrologic Cycle
and its and its Coupling through River FlowCoupling through River Flow
William J. Gutowski, Jr.William J. Gutowski, Jr.Dept. Geological & Atmospheric SciencesDept. Geological & Atmospheric Sciences
Iowa State UniversityIowa State University
START Temperate East Asia Regional Center (February 2000)
… … with much help from:with much help from:
Charles J. VörösmartyCharles J. Vörösmarty22, Mark Person, Mark Person33,,
Zekai ÖtlesZekai Ötles11, Balazs Fekete, Balazs Fekete22
and Jennifer Yorkand Jennifer York33
1 1 - ISU- ISU2 2 - Univ. New Hampshire- Univ. New Hampshire3 3 - Univ. Minnesota- Univ. Minnesota
START Temperate East Asia Regional Center (February 2000)
OutlineOutline
CLASPCLASP
- motivation - motivation
- calibration/validation- calibration/validation
START Temperate East Asia Regional Center (February 2000)
OutlineOutline
CLASPCLASP
- motivation - motivation
- calibration/validation- calibration/validation
Water cycle coupling through river flowWater cycle coupling through river flow
START Temperate East Asia Regional Center (February 2000)
OutlineOutline
CLASPCLASP
- motivation - motivation
- calibration/validation- calibration/validation
Water cycle coupling through river flowWater cycle coupling through river flow
Further directionsFurther directions
START Temperate East Asia Regional Center (February 2000)
Hydrologic Cycle - Modeling IssuesHydrologic Cycle - Modeling Issues
Time scale mismatchTime scale mismatch• land: land: slow slow • atmosphere: atmosphere: fast fast
Spatial scale mismatchSpatial scale mismatch• land: land: smallsmall• atmosphere: atmosphere: largelarge
PBL
ATMOS
SVAT
Export throughStreamflow
SW/GW
External Forcing
CLASP
CCoupled LLand - AAtmosphere SSimulation PProgram
PBL
ATMOS
SVAT
Export throughStreamflow
SW/GW
External Forcing
CLASP
ATMOS:ATMOS:• single columnsingle column• computedcomputed
vertical processesvertical processes
• specified lateral specified lateral forcingforcing
PBL
ATMOS
SVAT
Export throughStreamflow
SW/GW
External Forcing
CLASP
SVAT & SVAT & SW/GW:SW/GW:• spatially spatially resolvedresolved
• vertical couplingvertical coupling
by soil/veg by soil/veg processesprocesses
• lateral couplinglateral coupling by river networkby river network
1600 Cells1600 Cells
ApplicationApplication
KansasKansas
ApplicationApplication
FIFE - Konza Prairie, KansasFIFE - Konza Prairie, Kansas 1987-19891987-1989
ApplicationApplication
FIFE - Konza Prairie, KansasFIFE - Konza Prairie, Kansas (from Oak Ridge DAAC FIFE page)
PBL
ATMOS
SVAT
Export throughStreamflow
SW/GW
External Forcing
CLASP
Boundary Boundary Conditions:Conditions:
NCEP NGM analysesNCEP NGM analyses 9 Years (1985-93)9 Years (1985-93)
0
5
10
15
20
0 90 180 270 360
950 hPa Specific HumidityTopeka vs. NGM
Topeka
NGM
Day of 1987
Calibration/ValidationCalibration/Validation
Observations: Betts and Ball (1998)Observations: Betts and Ball (1998)
(from Oak Ridge DAAC FIFE page)
Calibration/ValidationCalibration/Validation
1987: Calibration1987: Calibration
1988 & 1989: Validation1988 & 1989: Validation
Calibration/ValidationCalibration/Validation
1987: Calibration1987: Calibration
1988 & 1989: Validation1988 & 1989: Validation
Surface: GrasslandSurface: Grassland
Calibration/ValidationCalibration/Validation
1987: Calibration1987: Calibration
1988 & 1989: Validation1988 & 1989: Validation
Surface: GrasslandSurface: Grassland
Primary Targets: Primary Targets:
– Surface EvapotranspirationSurface Evapotranspiration
– Precipitation Precipitation
Calibration/Validation: AdjustmentsCalibration/Validation: Adjustments
PrecipitationPrecipitation
– Effective RH Effective RH (93.5%)(93.5%)
– Convective precip.Convective precip.
Calibration/Validation: AdjustmentsCalibration/Validation: Adjustments
PrecipitationPrecipitation
– Effective RH (93.5%)Effective RH (93.5%)
– Convective precip.Convective precip.
Soil MoistureSoil Moisture
– Root depth Root depth (1.42 m)(1.42 m)
– Water fractionWater fraction
Calibration/Validation: AdjustmentsCalibration/Validation: Adjustments
PrecipitationPrecipitation
– Effective RH (93.5%)Effective RH (93.5%)
– Convective precip.Convective precip.
Soil MoistureSoil Moisture
– Root depth (1.42 m)Root depth (1.42 m)
– Water fractionWater fraction
“ “Green-up”Green-up”
Ccan∝GLEAF
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 10 20 30 40 50
Gleaf - Original
Gleaf
T [˚C]
Ccan∝GLEAF
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 10 20 30 40 50
Gleaf - Original
Gleaf - Calibrated
Gleaf
T [˚C]
0
50
100
150
200
0 60 120 180 240 300 360
Surface Latent Heat Flux
FIFE+sdevFIFE-sdevCLASP
Day of 1987
BIAS = - 3 ; SDEV = 5 [W-m-2]
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
Precipitation
FIFECLASP
Day of 1987
OBS = 2.5 ; BIAS = +0.04 ; SDEV = 7.7 [mm-d-1]
0
20
40
60
80
100
150 180 210 240 270 300
Cloud Cover
FIFECLASP
Day of 1987
BIAS = +0.3 % ; SDEV = 10 %
0
20
40
60
80
100
150 180 210 240 270 300
Cloud Cover
FIFECLASP
Day of 1987
BIAS = +0.3 % ; SDEV = 10 %
-50
0
50
100
150
0 60 120 180 240 300 360
Surface Sensible Heat Flux
FIFE+sdev
FIFE-sdev
CLASP
Day of 1987
BIAS = + 1 ; SDEV = 6 [W-m-2]
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 60 120 180 240 300 360
Incident Solar Radiation
FIFE+sdevFIFE-sdevCLASP
Day of 1987
BIAS = - 4; SDEV = 21 [W-m-2]
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 60 120 180 240 300 360
Incident Solar Radiation
FIFE+sdevFIFE-sdevCLASP
Day of 1987
BIAS = - 4; SDEV = 21 [W-m-2]
200
250
300
350
400
450
0 60 120 180 240 300 360
Downward Infrared Flux
FIFE+sdev
FIFE-sdev
Day of 1987
CLASP
BIAS = + 3 ; SDEV = 9 [W-m-2]
-100
-50
0
50
100
0 60 120 180 240 300 360
Soil Heat Flux
FIFE+sdevFIFE-sdevCLASP
Day of 1987
BIAS = + 6 ; SDEV = 7 [W-m-2]
0
50
100
150
200
120 150 180 210 240
Latent Heat Flux
FIFE+sdevFIFE-sdevCLASP
Day of 1988
(a)
2100
50
100
150
200
Day of 1989
(b)
VALIDATION
BIAS = - 48 , SDEV = 25 BIAS = + 6 , SDEV = 23 [W-m-2]
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
0 60 120 180 240 300 360
Precipitation
FIFE
CLASP
Day of 1988
VALIDATION
OBS = 1.4 ; BIAS = - 0.2 ; SDEV = 5.4 [mm-d-1]
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
0 60 120 180 240 300 360
Precipitation
FIFE
CLASP
Day of 1989
VALIDATION
OBS = 2.5 ; BIAS = - 1.0; SDEV = 8.0 [mm-d-1]
-50
0
50
100
150
120 150 180 210 240
Sensible Heat Flux
FIFE+sdevFIFE-sdevCLASP
Day of 1988
(a)
210-50
0
50
100
150
Day of 1989
(b)
VALIDATION
BIAS = + 33 , SDEV = 23 BIAS = - 13 , SDEV = 22 [W-m-2]
150
200
250
300
350
400
120 150 180 210 240
Incident Solar Radiation
FIFE+sdevFIFE-sdevCLASP
Day of 1988
(a)
210
Day of 1989
(b)
VALIDATION
BIAS = + 22 , SDEV = 18 BIAS = - 34 , SDEV = 41 [W-m-2]
200
250
300
350
400
450
0 60 120 180 240 300 360
Downward Infrared Flux
FIFE+sdevFIFE-sdevCLASP
Day of 1988
(a)
VALIDATION
BIAS = - 19; SDEV = 18 [W-m-2]
200
250
300
350
400
450
0 60 120 180 240 300 360
Downward Infrared Flux
FIFE+sdevFIFE-sdevCLASP
Day of 1989
(b)
VALIDATION
BIAS = - 13 ; SDEV = 7 [W-m-2]
OutlineOutline
CLASPCLASP
- motivation - motivation
- calibration/validation- calibration/validation
Water cycle coupling through river flowWater cycle coupling through river flow
Further directionsFurther directions
Water cycle coupling through river flowWater cycle coupling through river flow
Water cycle coupling through river flowWater cycle coupling through river flow
Water cycle coupling through river flowWater cycle coupling through river flow
Water cycle coupling through Water cycle coupling through
river flowriver flow
Configuration 1:Configuration 1:• Pure grasslandPure grassland• No river inflowNo river inflow
0
40
80
120
160
1985 1987 1989 1991 1993
Latent Heat Flux
ENCR (grass)
[W-m
-2]
Year
0
40
80
120
160
1985 1987 1989 1991 1993
Latent Heat Flux
ENCR (grass)E-NoE (grass)
[W-m
-2]
Year
QuickTime™ and aGIF decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995
Discharge
ph.18-GR-NoE
Year
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995
Discharge
ph.22-GR-ENCR
ph.18-GR-NoE
Year
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0 90 180 270 360
Lyon Creek, Kansas - Climatology(Dec. 1953 - Sep. 1974)
DAY OF YEAR
Water cycle coupling through Water cycle coupling through
river flowriver flow
Configuration 2:Configuration 2:• Mixed forest/grassMixed forest/grass• No river inflowNo river inflow
0
40
80
120
160
1985 1987 1989 1991 1993
Latent Heat Flux
ENCR (for/gr)E-NoE (for/gr)
[W-m
-2]
Year
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995
Discharge
ph.21-FG-Enc
ph.19-FG-NoE
Year
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995
Discharge
ph.21-FG-Enc
ph.19-FG-NoE
Year
OutlineOutline
CLASPCLASP
- motivation - motivation
- calibration/validation- calibration/validation
Water cycle coupling through river flowWater cycle coupling through river flow
Further directionsFurther directions
START Temperate East Asia Regional Center (February 2000)
Further DevelopmentsFurther Developments
CLASP CLASP MODFLOW MODFLOW Jennifer York (U. Mn)Jennifer York (U. Mn)
START Temperate East Asia Regional Center (February 2000)
Further DevelopmentsFurther Developments
CLASP CLASP MODFLOW MODFLOW Jennifer York (U. Mn)Jennifer York (U. Mn)
CLASP + LSMCLASP + LSM Dave Flory (ISU)Dave Flory (ISU)
START Temperate East Asia Regional Center (February 2000)
BIAS = - 3 ; SDEV = 17 [W-m-2]
0
50
100
150
200
0 60 120 180 240 300 360
Surface Latent Heat Flux
FIFE+sdevFIFE-sdevCLASPLSM
Day of 1987
BIAS = - 6 ; SDEV = 3 [W-m-2]
-50
0
50
100
150
0 60 120 180 240 300 360
Surface Sensible Heat Flux
FIFE+sdevFIFE-sdevCLASPLSM
Day of 1987
Further DevelopmentsFurther Developments
CLASP CLASP MODFLOW MODFLOW Jennifer York (U. Mn)Jennifer York (U. Mn)
CLASP + LSMCLASP + LSM Dave Flory (ISU)Dave Flory (ISU)
Grass-Forest DistributionGrass-Forest Distribution Meredith Lips (ISU)Meredith Lips (ISU)
START Temperate East Asia Regional Center (February 2000)
Further DevelopmentsFurther Developments
Effect of Spatial Variability inEffect of Spatial Variability in
Sea-Surface TemperatureSea-Surface Temperature
(Mon. Weather Rev., 1998)(Mon. Weather Rev., 1998)
START Temperate East Asia Regional Center (February 2000)
0
100
200
300
0 60 120 180 240 300 360
Het.Hom.
FL
[W/m
2]
Day of Year
+ 47%
ConclusionsConclusions Credible calibration/validationCredible calibration/validation
• Hindered by model/driving data: vertical Hindered by model/driving data: vertical motion and precipitationmotion and precipitation
• Hindered by observations?Hindered by observations?
START Temperate East Asia Regional Center (February 2000)
ConclusionsConclusions Credible calibration/validationCredible calibration/validation
• Hindered by model/driving data: vertical Hindered by model/driving data: vertical motion and precipitationmotion and precipitation
• Hindered by observations?Hindered by observations?
Horizontal coupling of water cycle Horizontal coupling of water cycle by river flowby river flow
• More important during dry than wet episodesMore important during dry than wet episodes
• Can increase area-averaged ET by 50% in Can increase area-averaged ET by 50% in some summerssome summers
START Temperate East Asia Regional Center (February 2000)