Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance...
Transcript of Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance...
![Page 1: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Modeling the Installed
Performance of Antennas in a
Ship Topside Environment
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Enow Tanjong
![Page 2: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Electromagnetic SystemsComplete Technology in Action
Antenna
Filter Shielding
RCS
Installed Performance
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Electron Tube
FSS
Array
Connectors PCB
Package
Cabling
![Page 3: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
System Level DesignAll-Encompassing EM-Simulation
EM Interaction
System analysisCoupling analysisRadiation analysis
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Installed PerformanceEMC/ EMI/ E3
Challenges: Electromagnetic size, Complexity, Aspect ratio
![Page 4: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Electrical Size
Frequency Application
1 MHz Lightning
10 MHz HF communications
100 MHz EMP
1 GHz L-Band
Communications
10 GHz Radar
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
El. Length
0.5λ
5λ
50λ
500λ
5000λ
FEM TD MLFMM AsymptoticMoM
![Page 5: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Aspect Ratio
300 MHz
18 m
18 λ
1.575 GHz
160 m
840 λ
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
4 mm notches
0.9 mm radius feed pin3 mm wire radii
![Page 6: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Approach 1: Brute force!
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
� Small detail � small time step
� longer simulation.
� HPC options: CPU, GPU, MPI.
� Mesh quality important
� Increased meshing in small
detail leads to high memory
requirement
� HPC options: CPU, MPI.
MLFMMTime Domain
![Page 7: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Approach 2: Field Decomposition
FIT, TLM, FEM, MoM, MLFMM
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Near-field source
Far-field source
FIT, TLM
MoM ,MLFMM, Asymptotic
![Page 8: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Advantages of Field Sources
Near-field Source Far-field Source
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
� Small simulation volume � fine features can be simulated
accurately.
� Simulate source with appropriate mesh and solver.
� Can import external (measured) fields.
� No knowledge of antenna structure necessary (Intellectual Property).
![Page 9: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Real World Navy FrigateComplete Technology in Action
1 GHz JTIDS antenna(FEM + MLFMM)
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
10 MHz HF whips (TD, MoM)
![Page 10: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
TD (FIT) Solution
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
FIT Solver
40 minutes, 1.3 GB RAM10 Million mesh cells
![Page 11: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Far-Field Results at 10 MHz
Single antenna excited
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
![Page 12: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Surface Current due to HF Antenna
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
![Page 13: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
MoM Solution
MoM Solver
60 minutes, 12 GB RAM
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Low frequency stabilization available
Anisotropic mesh
refinement
![Page 14: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
JTIDS for L Band TDMA Network Radio
JTIDS antenna (1.0875 GHz)
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Installed performance of antenna required
![Page 15: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
JTIDS Antenna Array Design
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Rapid, automatic design of validated antenna elements
Convenient building block for larger, more complex designs
Synthesis, Optimization
![Page 16: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Element Level Simulation
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Snap nodes to boundaryReferences true geometry
![Page 17: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Sensitivity Analysis
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Sensitivity AnalysisParametric tolerance analysis with only a single simulation run
![Page 18: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
2nd Order 325000 Tetrahedrons
Mixed Order Elements
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
3rd Order Mixed 98000 Tetrahedrons
![Page 19: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
JTIDS Antenna Pattern in Isolation
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Automatic phase center calculation
Arbitrary slant polarization
![Page 20: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
JTIDS Far Field Source on Ship
JTIDS antenna pattern imported and positioned on ship mast
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Ship is 500 wavelengths long @ 1.0875 GHz
![Page 21: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Characterization of Water Surface
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
At higher frequencies characterization of sea water as a
surface impedance material significantly reduces the amount of required computational resources
![Page 22: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Surface Mesh at 1.0875 GHz
1,400,000 surfaces
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
1,400,000 surfaces
MLFMM Solver => 12 hours and ~84 GB RAM
![Page 23: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
JTIDS + Ship Results at 1.0875 GHz
Surface current
Far field pattern
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Far field pattern
![Page 24: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Complex Ship Model
USS Winston S. Churchill (DDG-81)
Provided by
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
![Page 25: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) Antenna
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
1.087 GHz TACAN antenna
Gain cut
3D Far-field
Antenna Gain not optimized
![Page 26: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
TACAN AntennaGain
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
![Page 27: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
TACAN Far Field Source on Ship
TACAN antenna pattern imported and positioned
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
![Page 28: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
TACAN Far Field + Ship meshed at 1.087 GHz
1,950,098 surfaces (including sea water) => Solvable with MLFMM but would require a large amount of RAM. MPI would be an option
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
![Page 29: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Asymptotic SolutionShooting Bouncing Ray (SBR) method� Multiple bounces taken into account� Plane wave source for RCS analysis Incident Rays
Scattered Rays
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Robust meshing enables discretization of complex models and Asymptotic solution requires far less computational resources making it ideal for this problem
![Page 30: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
TACAN + Ship Results at 1.087 GHz
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Asymptotic solver => 3 hours, 600 MB RAM
Model size is approximately 783 wavelengths at 1.087 GHz
![Page 31: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
S-Band Radar Antenna
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
![Page 32: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Radar Unit Element Patch Antenna
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Right-hand Circular Polarized pin-fed Square Truncated Patch Antenna
designed for 3 GHz
![Page 33: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Array Construction and Excitation
Array wizard constructs the array and applies
excitation
25 X 25 Array
Transient Solver
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
All 625 Ports created automatically by wizard
![Page 34: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
3 GHz S-Band Radar Array Results
Far-field
Surface Current
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Simultaneous port excitation requiring 35 GB of RAM and 6 hours to run
![Page 35: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
S-band Radar Antenna Field source on Ship
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Radar Antenna Array Pattern imported and Positioned
![Page 36: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Single Radar + Ship Results at 3 GHz
Far-field
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
Model size is approximately 2160 wavelengths at 3 GHz
![Page 37: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Multiple Far-Field Sources
Possible to import multiple FF sources and excite all at once
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
![Page 38: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Antenna Analysis/Placement Features
• All standard antenna performance results (Gain, Surface Current, . . )
• Sensitivity analysis
• Up to 3rd order TET elements
• Frequency tabulated surface impedance
• Parameterization/ optimization
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
• Parameterization/ optimization
• Far-field and Near-field Source imports
• Array Wizard
• High Performance Computing Options
![Page 39: Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a Ship ... · Modeling the Installed Performance of Antennas in a ... System Level Design ... center calculation Arbitrary slant](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022082202/5ae5fc977f8b9ae1578d04ae/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Summary
• CST MWS has the capability of solving electromagnetic problems both
at the component level and at the system level
• The complete technology available means the best tool can be used for
a particular analysis
• At the system level field decomposition techniques can be used for
CST – COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY | www.cst.com | Nov-10
• At the system level field decomposition techniques can be used for
more efficient analysis.
• The asymptotic method implemented in CST MWS can be used for very
complex electrically large simulations reduce the amount of resources
required